...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION General Water in the form of Liquid wastes are mostly generated through domestic, industrial and commercial uses. Inflows and infiltration are the terms which represent ground water and storm water seepage. Inflow means that the water in entering via direct connection points and infiltration means groundwater is seeping through leaks and cracks in the system. The domestic wastewater that comes from toilets, showers, tubs, sinks etc. is directed to the treatment facility for purification. In an average system, 60% - 90% of the potable water is directed to a wastewater treatment facility or an on-site septic system. Wastewater is used water, which consists many substances such as human waste, soaps ,food scraps, chemicals,...
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...EARTH POLLUTION By: GLEIDI B. LEOGAN (BSE-1A) TO: DR. ROSEL W. DELES (ENG.2) I. INTRODUCTION Pollution is a major global concern because of its harmful effects on the person’s health and on the environment. Everyone is affected as we are all inhabitants of this one and only place we call home, our planet Earth. Each person has something to contribute to prevent its further deterioration, to help ourselves, the children and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come. We can help combat pollution in our own immediate environment if we are aware of the nature and form of pollutions and its effects on us and the environment. A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil. Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant, its chemical nature, the concentration and the persistence. There are two main categories of pollutants. Biodegradable pollutants are materials, such as sewage, that rapidly decompose by natural processes. These pollutants become a problem when added to the environment faster than they can decompose. Non-degradable pollutants are materials that either do not decompose or decompose slowly in the natural environment. Once contamination occurs, it is difficult or impossible to remove these pollutants from the environment. I. SOURCES OF EARTH POLLUTION A. AIR POLLUTION SMOG OVER SANTIAGO Set in an enclosed...
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...EARTH POLLUTION By: GLEIDI B. LEOGAN (BSE-1A) TO: DR. ROSEL W. DELES (ENG.2) I. INTRODUCTION Pollution is a major global concern because of its harmful effects on the person’s health and on the environment. Everyone is affected as we are all inhabitants of this one and only place we call home, our planet Earth. Each person has something to contribute to prevent its further deterioration, to help ourselves, the children and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come. We can help combat pollution in our own immediate environment if we are aware of the nature and form of pollutions and its effects on us and the environment. A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil. Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant, its chemical nature, the concentration and the persistence. There are two main categories of pollutants. Biodegradable pollutants are materials, such as sewage, that rapidly decompose by natural processes. These pollutants become a problem when added to the environment faster than they can decompose. Non-degradable pollutants are materials that either do not decompose or decompose slowly in the natural environment. Once contamination occurs, it is difficult or impossible to remove these pollutants from the environment. I. SOURCES OF EARTH POLLUTION A. AIR POLLUTION SMOG OVER SANTIAGO Set in an enclosed...
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...the world with sufficient food. A soil pollutant is any factor which deteriorates the quality, texture and mineral content of the soil or which disturbs the biological balance of the organisms in the soil. Pollution in soil has adverse effect on plant growth. The introduction of substances, biological organisms, or energy into the soil, resulting in a change of the soil quality, which is likely to affect the normal use of the soil or endangering public health and the living environment. Soil contaminants are spilled onto the surface through many different activities. Most of these are the result of accidents involving the vehicles that are transporting waste material from site of origin to a disposal site. Soil pollution is particularly dangerous for the environment and our health because soil, either in the mountains or in the plains, contains the largest part of the water we drink and produces all the food we need. There are many types of soil pollution, each one with its own features and preventive measures to avoid disasters. What is soil pollution anyways? Soil pollution is defined or can be described as the contamination of soil of a particular region. Soil pollution mainly is a result of penetration of harmful pesticides and insecticides, which on one hand serve whatever their main purpose is, but on the other hand, bring about...
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...however, do you know what happened after we through the plastic wastes? They began to harm our ecosystem. The plastic pollution needs to be addressed because it is becoming a huge problem to the human beings and the ecosystem. I always remind myself to recycle and not through wastes into public places. By doing research, I have a more detailed understanding on plastic pollution now. Although plastic pollution seems nothing related with ourselves, it is actually hurting both the human beings and the ecosystem. From my survey, I found that although students know there is a problem on plastic pollution, most of them didn’t pay much attention on it (Communication 101 Questionnaire). We will get to know plastics pollution better through what the plastic pollution is, how it is affecting the environment, and the proper solutions of the plastic pollution to find out what we can do to make changes. So first, let’s look at the existing problem of plastic pollution. Plastic pollution is also called "White Pollution". It is rapidly expanded with an amazing speed since the industry developed. On the one hand, the common way of landfill load limited land resources. (Mitra PLASTIC POLLUTION COALITION 2013)As land increasingly nervous, the site that the garbage can be buried was also found progressively to decrease, and also the landfill costs is rising. Incineration is adopted involves the secondary pollution of air, burning produces a large amount of harmful gases and black...
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...aided the team in locating common areas of non-sustainable practices relating to land, water, and air pollution. The three non-sustainable practices evaluated further are solid waste, and hazardous waste causing land pollution, hazardous waste causing water pollution, and gaseous waste causing air pollution. These areas are the most harmful to the immediate population, which includes the plant workers and the communities. Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Causing Land Pollution One of the non-sustainable practices is adding to land pollution. Currently, off-spec materials are sent to the landfill (Apollo, 2012). In addition to this, scrap plastic managed as waste goes to the landfill (Apollo). The biggest problem is that plastic is not biodegradable. When plastic and off-spec products are sent to the landfill, breakdown occurs but at minimal rates and these take longer to biodegrade over time. To remain compliant with government regulations, Riordan Manufacturing is required to identify hazardous waste generated each month if it exceeds 2,200 pounds (Apollo, 2012). If Riordan Manufacturing’s plants generate products in excess of 2,200 pounds per month, a set procedure needs to be followed to ensure proper disposal (Apollo). Regulations are set to minimum standards, and Riordan Manufacturing should set its goals to achieve the higher standards regardless of how much waste is generated per month. One way of doing this is to set up specific...
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...The subject in this paper is how Riordan Manufacturing will identify their nonsustainable practices, federal regulations, mandatory, and voluntary actions necessary to implement a successful sustainability plan. Nonsustainable Business Practices The business practice audits brought to light three nonsustainable practices. The three practices highlighted by the audit include wasted energy from the plants, the use of toxic cleaning solvents, and spilled ink. These three business practices can be very harmful to the environment. Burning fossil fuels for energy creates gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and volatile organic compounds. These gases cause air pollution. They can cause several kinds of air pollution, particular matter, smog, and ozone (New Energy Alternative, 2008). Air pollution can travel thousands of miles and can harm areas that burn fossil fuels sparingly. The next nonsustainable practice is the use of toxic cleaning solvents. The release of toxic chemicals from the spent cleaners can cause damage to the ozone layer. This contributes to the greenhouse effect that causes global warming. Global warming raises the earth’s temperature and can cause many environmental problems. Some of those are polar ice caps melting, fires, wild fires, increased hurricanes,...
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...Sources of pollution and mitigation measures Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the environment that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or that damage the environment. Pollution takes place because; we process, consume and throw away a high volume of material resources at a very high rate. Then the nature’s way of reabsorbing these resources back into its structure and effectively neutralizing them is much slower than our rates of production or consumption. Hence over production; also inefficient and dirty methods of production and consumptions; careless and thoughtless disposal of post consumption waste resources are the major causes of man-cause pollution. There are fundamental drivers of the pollution; these are the major forces behind the surge in levels of air, water and land pollution throughout the globe. These are Industrialization it set in the motion the widespread use of fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) which are now the mail sources of pollution. Population growth with the exploding increase in the population around the world, the demand for goods and services goes up. This demand is met by expanded production and use of natural resources, which in turn lead to higher levels of pollution. Globalization. It has become an effective facilitator of environmental degradation. Developing countries tend to have loose regulations on pollution levels thus global bigger manufacturers tend to move to these areas rather than...
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...MODULE - 4 Contemporary Environmental Issues Environmental Science Senior Secondary Course Notes 10 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Developmental activities such as construction, transportation and manufacturing not only deplete the natural resources but also produce large amount of wastes that leads to pollution of air, water, soil, and oceans; global warming and acid rains. Untreated or improperly treated waste is a major cause of pollution of rivers and environmental degradation causing ill health and loss of crop productivity. In this lesson you will study about the major causes of pollution, their effects on our environment and the various measures that can be taken to control such pollutions. OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: • • • • • • • define the terms pollution and pollutants; list various kinds of pollution; describe types of pollution, sources, harmful effects on human health and control of air pollution, indoor air pollution, noise pollution; describe water pollution, its causes and control; describe thermal pollution; describe soil pollution, its causes and control; describe radiation pollution, sources and hazards. 10.1 POLLUTION AND POLLUTANTS Human activities directly or indirectly affect the environment adversely. A stone crusher adds a lot of suspended particulate matter and noise into the atmosphere. Automobiles emit from their tail pipes oxides of nitrogen, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and a complex...
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...Pollution is contamination by a chemical or other agent that renders part of the environment unfit for intended use and deserves emphasis that the environment also refers to the place where you live. Pollution generated by human activities presents the most serious problems to our environment by improper waste management is one of the main causes of environmental pollution and degradation in many cities worldwide, primarily in developing countries and cities here in the United States of America that lack waste regulations and proper disposal facilities that can improve pollution in the environment. Waste can be infectious, toxic and or radioactive, for improper waste management will create a tremendous threat to residents in these under developed cities worldwide, particularly those residents living close to dumpsites. Depending on a city’s level of waste management, waste may be disposed of in an uncontrolled manner, segregated for recycling purposes or simply burnt which can pollute water, food sources, land, air and vegetation. This method of waste disposal creates an environmental degradation and destruction to our ecosystem and poses great risk to our health. Land pollution is characterized by the contamination of Earth's surface, where organisms live. One of the major causes of land pollution is human activities which includes but is not limited to deforestation, littering and unauthorized disposal of industrial waste. Deforestation for the establishment of factories and...
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...Environmental problem: Water pollution Nowadays in our world there have many environmental problems happening and almost of them haven’t been solved yet and still have an effect until nowadays. The one of interesting environmental problem is water pollution. Water covers over 70% of the Earth’s surface. Water is usually important and necessary for humans and animals life. We can’t deny that everyone needs water in order to be alive but nowadays many countries in our world have problems of water pollution. Water pollution occurs when the pollutants contaminate to water bodies. The pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly to water bodies and it is often that the pollutants get into water mainly by human causes. The contaminated drinking water can be as a contributor to wide range of health problems in humans and have negative impacts on wild animals and the environment as a whole. According to a report released by the advocacy group environmental Missouri, there were more than 12.7 million pounds of toxic chemicals, such as nitrates, arsenic, benzene and mercury were dumped into the Mississippi River in 2010. And another data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, only the Ohio River, with 32 million pounds, received more toxic discharge in 2010 (Bernhard, 2012). "Missouri's waterways are a polluter's paradise right now," said Sarah MacFarland, state field associate for Environment Missouri. "These toxic chemicals end up contaminating our drinking water...
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...Introduction Water pollution can come from a number of different sources. Many solids, liquids and gaseous substances can cause pollution if they enter the water environment. Common pollutants include chemicals, oil and waste products. Even substances such as milk, which pose no risk to human health, can cause serious harm to the water environment. You must have authorisation if you discharge anything other than clean, uncontaminated water to surface waters or groundwater. Surface waters include rivers, reservoirs and canals, and make up a small percentage of fresh water reserves. Groundwater is all water below the water table. Groundwater makes up the largest available reserve of fresh water. This guide outlines the main causes of water pollution, and when businesses need to apply for surface water or groundwater authorisations. It also describes how to prevent pollution incidents and gives tips on how to store and handle materials responsibly. How can one go about spelling the importance of water in our lives? When we look around and see how water pollution threatens to destroy the Earth, what is our reaction to it? Indifference, perhaps? It is due to this indifference that the world as we know it will soon end. Through a long-drawn, really slow process of torment and torture. It's not just water pollution that spells danger for us, but since water is one of the most crucial resources, without which the very survival of all life on earth will cease to exist, it becomes...
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...Top of Form Introduction The utilization of resources and generation of waste is for beyond the limit that the biosphere was made to carry. Infact, man today is caught in the vicious circle of increasing wants, declining resources and increasing waste being generated by the industries and municipalities is posing a problem of enormous dimensions. The domestic and industrial effluents are contributing in enhancing this problem. It might become the biggest problem if it is not dealt with immediately . Industrial Waste The term industrial waste is generally understood to refer specifically to the liquid waste produced as a result of some industrial operation, as distinct from an industry’s solid refuse or its gases, fumes and vapors. Like municipal sanitary sewage, most of such liquids must ultimately be disposed of into rivers or other water courses. The liquid wastes of a community, whether domestic sewage or industrial wastes, should receive appropriate treatment before discharge into streams in order to prevent gross pollution. The treatment methods for domestic sewage are based on a fundamental and growing body of knowledge. These methods, however, are not suitable for industrial wastes, which are quite varied in character. Frequently anew industrial process development will produce a waste that is not amenable to treatment by any of the conventional methods. For such wastes, laboratory investigations followed by pilot-plant studies must precede final design of treatment...
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...Introduction 1.1 Overview of Environmental Legislative and Regulatory Policy for England and Wales The Environmental Protection Act 1990 provisions was adopted in England and Wales to react the pollution control act of 1974, the aim of this legislation is for an improved integrated approach to pollution control which include authorizations, enforcement, publicity, and provisions of offences. Part I covers the integrated pollution control and air pollution by local authorizes; part II covers waste on land, harmful depositing, treatment, disposal, duty of care, waste management plans, special waste hazardous and non control waste; Part IIA covers contaminated lands; part III covers statutory nuisance and clean air; Part IV covers litter; part V covers the amendment of the radioactive substance act of 1960; part VI covers genetically modified organisms and part VII covers the nature conservation(Paul,2008a). Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 provisions was adopted in England and Wales this legislation is aim to implement the council directive 96/61/EC on integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC) requiring EU member states to introduce regime for prevention, reduction and control of emissions and other activities that are capable of causing any environmental pollution in the region. Under the PPC regulations there are three distinct regimes which include part A(1) covers installations for sites regarded as potentially more polluting and emission to air, land and...
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...How to Prevent Pollution “This entire planet is our home. We are the only species that systematically destroy our own habitat."- Marianne Williamson Pollution prevention is an exceptionally major global concern because of the harmful effects of pollution on the person’s health and on the environment. Environmental pollution comes in various forms, such as: air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, etc. Everyone is a stakeholder as we are all inhabitants of this one and only mother earth. Each person has something to contribute to advance an effective pollution prevention awareness initiative. Environmental protection is caring for us, loving our children and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come. "If we heal the earth, we heal ourselves." You and I should therefore accept personal responsibility for the success of the environmental protection programs of our respective community by cooperating and actively participating in making the atmosphere pollution free. Help stop pollution today. Although on an individual basis we can help combat pollution in our own immediate environment, efficient control can be best institutionalized through legislation. Thus, most countries have already addressed the issue by passing some form of pollution prevention measures. Averting the onset of pollution in any area, i.e. be it on air, water or land, could be the start and the simplest preventive solution to the problem. This calls for a conscientious effort to adopt...
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