...Waste Waste is unwanted or useless materials. In biology, waste is any of the many unwanted substances or toxins that are expelled from living organisms, metabolic waste; such as urea, sweat or feces. Litter is waste which has been disposed of improperly. Feces contain large quantities of fresh and soft texturized waste products. Waste is directly linked to human development, both technologically and socially. The compositions of different wastes have varied over time and location, with industrial development and innovation being directly linked to waste materials. An example of this includes plastics and nuclear technology. Some components of waste have economical value and can be recycled once correctly recovered. Zero Waste America defines waste as "a resource that is not safely recycled back into the environment or the marketplace." This definition takes into account the value of waste as a resource, as well as the threat unsafe recycling can present to the environment and public health. The word 'waste' and the act of 'wasting' are human inventions. Waste doesn't exist in nature. In nature, everything has a purpose. Waste was created by humans for short-term convenience and short-term profit. Wasting results in long-term harmful consequences for both humans, nature, and the economy. Where does your waste go? Landfill As you can see from the chart most rubbish in Britain goes to landfill. We used to call landfills dumps or pits. We try to use old sandpits, gravel...
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...The clear out and in particular waste management of the event. Waste management and the clear up stage is an important factor to any event. It requires just as much planning and consideration as any other stage in delivering the event. It is important as it makes the site cleaner for the customers, which also makes it safer for customers. With the majority of festivals nowadays trying to be seen as green festivals, using proper waste management will increase the recycling levels and boost the festivals reputation for being green. Glastonbury already does by being one of the leading festivals in the UK. Waste management doesn’t only take place after the event, it begins before the event has started and takes place throughout the whole event until it finishes. This is done by dispersing different types of bins all over the campsites and site of the festival, recycling bins for bottles, cans, general waste etc. These bins are clearly sign posted with bright identifiable colours on them. “The environmental purchasing hierarchy: “rethink, eliminate, eliminate, reduce, re-use, recycle, dispose” is an approach to minimizing natural resource impact which is similar to waste management hierarchy” (REFERENCE PG 86) Having staff that collect rubbish during the day and at night once each night is finished will keep the site looking better than if it was left until right at the very end. Litter is going to be found on the floor no matter how well the event is organised....
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...Final Project Report Topic: - Feasibility of waste-to-energy projects in Industries Submitted by: - Sanchita Tiku Roll No. 13020243022 Submitted to :- Dr. Prakash Rao Contents Topics Page No. 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………1-9 2. Literature Review………………………………………………………………..10-13 3. Methodology……………………………………………………………………………14 4. Analysis & Interpretation…………………………………………………….15-17 5. Main Findings………………………………………………………………………17-21 6. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………..22 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Waste as described in Basel Convention: - Wastes are those materials which are supposed to be disposed or are intended to be disposed under the national law. Waste is any substance that is off no more use or that should be disposed off e.g. waste of leftover construction material, food waste, e-waste, hazardous waste, sludge from industries, packaging items, garden waste etc. There are numbers of ways available through which waste can be prevented, reduced, re-used and recycled. So, the leftover substance which cannot be treated should be land filled. Wastes are of following types:- 1. Municipal Solid waste: - Municipal solid waste is generated by households, commercial activities...
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...Waste Management, Inc. Strategic Case Analysis Submitted for Approval to: Dr. Jifu Wang LEADING EDGE CONSULTING Houston, TX The Leaders in Waste Management Group 1 Consultants Jason Cummings Correen Harrell Deanna Lewis Jim Upchurch David Woods Page 3 of 163 Table of Contents 1.0 2.0 2.1. 2.2. Executive Summary..........................................................................8 Background Information on Waste Management ..........................9 Brief History of Company............................................................................... 9 Historical Timeline of Important Events...................................................... 11 3.0 External Analysis ............................................................................13 3.1. General Environmental Analysis ................................................................. 13 3.1.1. Political/Legal Factors.............................................................................. 13 3.1.2. Economic Factors .................................................................................... 16 3.1.3. Sociocultural Factors ............................................................................... 20 3.1.4. Demographic Factors............................................................................... 21 3.1.5. Technological Factors.............................................................................. 25 3.1.6. Global Factors ...............................................
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...Law/Leg 100 February 27, 2012 Waste Management, Inc., headquartered in Houston, is the “nation's largest garbage hauler and landfill operator” (abclocal.go.com). Wikipedia.org sites the company’s vast network to include “367 collection operations, 355 transfer stations, 273 active landfill disposal sites, 16 waste-to-energy plants, 134 recycling plants, 111 beneficial-use landfill gas projects and six independent power production plants.” Founded in 1894, Waste Management (WM) “offers environmental services to nearly 20 million residential, industrial, municipal and commercial customers in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico.” “Together with its competitor Republic Services, Inc., the two handle more than half of all garbage collection in the United States” (wikipedia.org). In 2007, Waste Management announced its initiative to spend “hundreds of millions of dollars over the next dozen years to make its operations more environmentally friendly. The company plans to increase its energy production from waste, buy more fuel-efficient vehicles and more than double the amount of recyclable material it processes, among other initiatives” (abclocal.go.com). Waste Management’s CEO David Steiner explained to The Associated Press that “the "green" strategy will also boost Waste Management's bottom line. The company reported $13.4 billion in revenue in 2006” (abclocal.go.com). WM.com (Waste Management’s own website) proclaims that the company “uses waste to create enough energy to power...
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...Matteo Kirunna 30/09/11 English Speaking: ‘Wasting our Food’ 1) The Problem with Wasting Food • Families are wasting £680 a year on throwing away foods we can still eat • We are throwing away 8.3 million tonnes of food from our homes every year • On average £50 of food is wasted per average family every month • All of the wasted foods are dumped in landfill sites • The rotting food releases methane & Co2 into the air • Half of the food wasted could have been eaten if only we followed the out-of-date on packaging 2) Why do we throw away so much food? • We are using too much food to make meals for families, food may still remain in pans or bowls for self-serving • Not keeping fruits in fridges, so they become more soft or gone off quicker • Not freezing foods which you are not going to eat for a while • Not following the ‘use by date’ • Putting new foods in front of older foods in the fridge or cupboard • Overestimating our shopping • Throwing away leftovers which can be used for something else 3) The Benefits of ‘Not Wasting Foods’ • If everyone stopped wasting food, it would have the same Carbon Impact as taking of 1 in 4 cars off the road in the UK • It will save you money 4) What are Groceries & Food brands doing about this? • Most of the major supermarket retailers in the UK welcome the campaign and have committed to work with WRAP to identify ways they can help us, their customers...
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...the manner in which you dispose waste? For individuals, Hong Kong people have many wasteful habits. Plastic bags, expanded-polystyrene lunchboxes and over-packaged products are commonly used. A recycling programme that provides recycling bins has also been running in schools since 2000 to enhance students' understanding of the importance of conserving resources and separating waste. The increase in the volume of recyclables collected over the years proves the success of the programme in turning students' awareness into action. Overall speaking, Hong Kong has an imminent waste problem. At present, we rely solely on our landfills to dispose of our waste. 40% of our waste are for recycling. We must address the waste problem in a holistic manner. This Policy Framework sets out a comprehensive strategy consisting of a series of tried and proven policy tools and measures to tackle our waste problem head on and achieve the following targets: |Target 1: |To reduce the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Hong Kong by 1% per annum up to the year 2014. | |Target 2: |To increase the overall recovery rate of MSW to 45% by 2009 and 50% by 2014. | |Target 3: |To reduce the total MSW disposed of in landfills to less than 25% by 2014. | Tackling the Problem at Source Waste avoidance and minimization are...
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...A.2 Case Waste Management Synopsis In February 1998 Waste Management announced that it was restating its financial statements for 1993 through 1996. In its restatement, Waste Management said that it had materially overstated its reported pretax earnings by $1.43 billion. After the announcement, the company’s stock dropped by more than 33 percent, and shareholders lost over $6 billion. The SEC brought charges against the company’s founder, Dean Buntrock, and five other former top officers. The charges alleged that management had made repeated changes to depreciation-related estimates to reduce expenses and had employed several improper accounting practices related to capitalization policies, also designed to reduce expenses.1 In its final judgment, the SEC permanently barred Buntrock and three other executives from acting as officers or directors of public companies and required payment from them of $30.8 million in penalties.2 History In 1956 Dean Buntrock took over Ace Scavenger, a garbage collector owned by his father-in-law, who had recently died. After merging Ace with a number of other waste companies, Buntrock founded Waste Management in 1968.3 Under Buntrock’s reign as its CEO, the company went public in 1971 and then expanded during the 1970s and 1980s through several acquisitions of local waste hauling companies and landfill operators. At one point the company was performing close to 200 acquisitions a year.4 From 1971 to 1991 the company enjoyed 36 percent...
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...Supervising Instructor: Mr. Arsenio Pascual SCHOOL OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL I. PROJECT NAME: GARAGE SALE FUND RAISING II. VENUE: SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY MARY HEIGHTS CAMPUS, BAKAKENG III. TERM AND DATE: MIDTERM, SHORT TERM 2016 IV. PROJECT PROPOSAL OF: NSTP-CWTS 1 12:00-1:30 M-S 7003 V. PROJECT PROPONENTS: 1. NSTP Coordinator 2. Project Supervising Instructor 3. Assigned Students Of The School Of Accountancy And Business Management VI. PROJECT RATIONALE 1. CONCERN: The students are in need of more trash bins since garbage is increasing. A clean surrounding would be for the betterment of the environment 2. MANDATES: a. RA No. 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 b. PD No. 1151: Philippine Environment Code c. PD No. 984 National Pollution Control Commission d. “LAUDATO SI” Encyclical of Pope Francis on Environment 3. PRINCIPLES: * “Open the child’s mind to his natural existence, develop his sense of responsibility and of self-dependence, train him to respect the resources of the earth, teach him the obligations of citizenship, interest him sympathetically in the occupations of men, touch his relation to human life in general, and touch his imagination with spiritual forces of the world” (Bailey, 1911). * This NSTP Apostolate or project is one avenue where students can exercise and share their sense of “Mission to Transform and Beyond Borders,”...
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...What is Hazardous Waste? Hazardous Waste is a "solid waste" which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may: Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored or disposed of, or otherwise mismanaged; or Cause or contribute to an increase in mortality, or an increase in irreversible or incapacitating illness. A "solid waste" is defined as any discarded material that is abandoned by being disposed of, burned or incinerated, recycled or considered "waste-like." A solid waste can physically be a solid, liquid, semi-solid, or container of gaseous material. A waste is classified as a hazardous waste if it has a hazardous characteristic listed below or is listed as a hazardous waste in EPA's page with the list of identifies hazardous wastes. We could only find the list for Ohio. Hazardous Characteristics: Ignitable Hazardous Waste A liquid waste which has a flash point of less than or equal to 140 degrees F (60 degrees C) as determined by an approved test method. A non-liquid waste which, under standard conditions, is capable of causing a fire through friction, absorption of moisture or a spontaneous chemical change and when ignited, the waste burns so vigorously and persistently that it creates a hazard. An ignitable compressed gas or oxidizer. Corrosive Hazardous Waste An aqueous waste with a pH ofless than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to...
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...Master Plan and Preparation of DPR for Solid Waste Management Plan for Bhopal city Submitted to: Bhopal Municipal Corporation (BMC) Prepared by: SENES Consultants India Pvt. Ltd. March 2012 Detailed Project Report – Review/Updating Master Plan & Preparation of DPR for SWM Plan for Bhopal city Table of Contents 1.0 1.1 1.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1 Objectives of Study........................................................................................................ 1 Scope of Work ............................................................................................................... 2 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA .............................................................................3 Demographic Features ................................................................................................... 6 Population Projections ................................................................................................... 6 Economy ........................................................................................................................ 7 Land use ......................................................................................................................... 7 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ..........8 Sources of Waste Generation ..................................
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...Hazardous wastes can be categorized based on their hazardous characteristics such as ignitable, reactive, toxic, corrosive, explosive, poisonous, and radioactive (Mudgal et al., 2007). Basically, there are three types of methods to treat hazardous wastes biological, chemical and physical. Chemical treatment methods use different properties of a chemical to alter its hazardous compounds. Chemical reactions alter the chemicals, destroying the hazardous elements or producing new compounds that are easier to treat or dispose of (WRC, 2001). Chemical treatment can be further divided into several techniques. a) Neutralization Neutralization is a process of neutralizing waste acid with an alkali. Hazardous wastes are classified as corrosive if their...
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...Waste Management What is waste management? “Waste management is an industry which revolves collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials.” The materials that are produced by human activity and the process are generally to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. “Waste management is the practice from resource recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources. The management of all wastes materials, whether solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, and tried to reduce the harmful environmental impacts of each through different methods.” “Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers. Management for non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.” What is a landfill? “A land fill is the disposing of waste in a landfill involves burying the waste, and which remains a common practice in most countries. Landfills were often established in abandoned or unused quarries, mining voids or borrow pits. A properly designed and well-managed landfill can be a hygienic and relatively inexpensive method of disposing of waste materials. Older, poorly designed or poorly managed landfills...
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...TRADE WASTE WHAT IS TRADE WASTE?WHO HAS TRADE WASTE?WHAT IS THE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF TRADE WASTE?IS IT PERMITTED TO DISCHARGE TRADE WASTES OR OTHER LIQUID INDUSTRIALWASTES TO THE STORM WATER DRAIN OR ONTO LAND? | 5 5 5 5 5 | 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 | TRADE WASTE APPROVAL PROCESSES:APPROVAL APPLICATIONPLANS FOR REVIEW LODGEMENT OF APPROVAL APPLICATION FORMSAND PLANS | 6 6 6 6 | 3 | FOOD PREPARATION BUSINESS | 7 | 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 | MOTOR TRADES GUIDELINESWASTES GENERATEDMINIMUM MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS PROHIBITED DISCHARGESUNROOFED AREAS - TRADE WASTE DIVERSION SYSTEMS WASTE MINIMISATION | 8 8 8 8 9 9 | 5. | GENERAL MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE INDUSTRIES | 10 | 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 | TRADE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIAINTRODUCTIONTECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL MANAGEMENT‘OFF SITE’ COMMUNITY LEVEL MANAGEMNET: COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF DOMESTIC GREYWATER | 11 11 12 17 | 7. 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 | TRADE IN WASTE: TYPES AND EFFECTINTRODUCTION TYPES OF WASTEWATERINORGANIC WASTEWATER ORGANIC WASTEWATER | 25 25 25 26 27 | 8. 8.1 8.2 | HOW CAN TRADE IN WASTE BE MINIMIZED INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND | 30 30 31 | | BIBLIOGRAPHY | 34 | 1. UNDERSTANDING TRADE WASTE 1.1 WHAT IS TRADE WASTE? ...
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...1. ABSTRACT Alternative uses of waste for energy production becomes increasingly interesting both from a waste management perspective - to deal with increasing waste amounts while reducing the amount of waste deposited at landfills and from an energy system perspective to improve the flexibility of the energy system in order to increase the share of renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The object of analysis is waste which is not reused or recycled, but can be used for energy production. Different Waste-to-Energy technologies are analyzed through energy system analysis of the current Danish energy system with 13-14% renewable energy, as well as possible future Danish energy systems with 43% (2025) and 100% renewable energy (2050), respectively. The technologies include combustion, thermal gasification, anaerobic digestion, fermentation, and transesterification technologies producing electricity, heat, or transport fuel. In the USA, according to the US energy recovery council, there are 87 WTE plants producing 2,700 megawatts that results into 17 million of kwh per year which is enough to meet the needs for power for 2 million households. In the EU incineration is more popular. According to the confederation of European Waste to energy plants (CEWEP) the plants in Europe can supply annually about 13 million inhabitants with electricity and 12 million inhabitants with heat. Waste to energy is produced mainly by biological material and thus the energy produced...
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