...THE WATER (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1974 [ NO. 6 OF 1974 ] [23rd March, 1974.] An Act to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water, for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the purposes aforesaid, of Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution, for conferring on and assigning to such Boards powers and functions relating thereto and for matters connected therewith. WHEREAS it is expedient to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water, for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the purposes aforesaid, of Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution and for conferring on and assigning to such Boards powers and functions relating thereto; AND WHEREAS Parliament has no power to make laws for the States with respect to any of the matters aforesaid except as provided in articles 249 and 250 of the Constitution; AND WHEREAS in pursuance of clause (1) of article 252 of the Constitution resolutions have been passed by all the Houses of the Legislatures of the States of Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tripura and West Bengal to the effect that the matters aforesaid should be regulated in those States by Parliament by law; BE it enacted by Parliament in the Twenty-fifth year of...
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...The Clean Water Acts was created to regulate and prevent pollutant discharges into the water of the United States. The Clean Water Act made against the law for industries to discharge pollutants into the water without a permit by the EPA's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Although the CWA is meant to prevent pollutant discharges in the water, it seems to have some loopholes in some of their regulations. Mines industries had been taken advantage of two loopholes in the Clean Water Act, according to Targeting News Service: Under the new rule, wetlands, ponds and other small water bodies can only be protected if they are within 4,000 feet of a stream or river. However, if a wetland is just one foot over the arbitrary 4,000-foot...
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...Contents…………………………………………………………………………..Page 1 Abstract…………………………………...……………………………………………………...2 History of the Clean Water Act..……………………………………………………...…………3 The Purpose and Intent of the Clean Water Act……………………….…......………………….5 Summary of the Clean Water Act...........................................................................................…. .5 How the Clean Water Act affects Businesses………………………………………..…………..6 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………...…………………..10 References……………………………………………………………………………………….11 Appendix Case Study …………………………………………………………………………...………..7 Abstract This paper was written with the attempt to educate the reader on the inception and brief history of “clean water act of 1972”. Before this important law companies used our waterways as liquid landfills. This law was one of many that was desperately needed to help make America a better place for generations to come. Antonio Hines Environmental Science November 3, 2014 The Clean Water Act of 1972 History of the Clean Water Act Dead fish floating in our river ways and different wildlife lying on the banks of our streams was common place in the early 60’s. In Ohio, the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland was so polluted that it caught fire – for the tenth time! Time Magazine reported that Lake Erie was dying from all the waste dumped into it. Saint Louis took its drinking water from the muddy Missouri River because it had gotten to the point that no one wanted to eat or drink from the Mississippi...
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...drinking water supply. Prior to 1974, State health departments had the responsibility for monitoring and regulating public drinking water supplies. According to the EPA “State programs had been so badly understaffed and underfunded” they could not give public water systems the assistance that they needed. The water quality problems were brought to light by Community Water Supply Survey. According to Denise Scheberl author of “Federalism and environmental policy” the Community Water Supply Survey revealed, “Only sixty percent of the systems met the Public Health Service's recommendations for basic microbiological testing” (125). A study four years later detected “thirty-six chemicals in treated water that threatened drinking water supplies” (125). These studies made it clear that state efforts weren't enough to deal with the risks...
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...1972, the Clean Water Act was passed as a response to unhealthy water due to pollution. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of the Clean Water Act has been debated for the past thirty years. The issue of clean, safe water has been plaguing our nation ever since the Clean Water Act’s passing and has been exacerbated by the surge of plastic in our consumer-driven society. There is no doubt that plastic pollution has become a huge nuisance namely in our waterways, but what has been done about it and moreover, what can be done about it? In 1983 the...
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...Click Here & Upgrade PDF Complete Expanded Features Unlimited Pages Documents ACT NO. 8 OF 2002 - WATER ACT An Act of Parliament to provide for the management, conservation, use and control of water resources and for the acquisition and regulation of rights to use water; to provide for the regulation and management of water supply and sewerage services; to repeal the Water Act (Cap. 372) and certain provisions of the Local Government Act; and for related purposes PART I – PRELIMINARY 1. SHORT TITLE AND COMMENCEMENT. PART I – INTRODUCTORY 2. INTERPRETATION. PART II - OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL OF WATER 3. WATER VESTED IN THE STATE. 4. POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE MINISTER, 5. RIGHT TO USE WATER. 6. ACQUISITION OF WATER RIGHTS PART III - WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 7. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE AUTHORITY. 8. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE AUTHORITY. 9. STAFF OF THE AUTHORITY. 10. REGIONAL OFFICES. 11. NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT STRATEGY. 12. CLASSIFICATION OF WATER RESOURCES AND RESOURCE QUALITY OBJECTIVES. 13. DETERMINATION OF RESERVE. 14. CATCHMENT AREAS. 15. CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGY. 16. CATCHMENT AREA ADVISORY COMMITTEES. 17. PROTECTED AREAS. Click Here & Upgrade PDF Complete Expanded Features Unlimited Pages Documents 18. NATIONAL MONITORING OF AND INFORMATION ON WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. 19. STATE SCHEMES AND COMMUNITY PROJECTS. 20. PRECEDENCE OF SCHEMES AND PROJECTS. 21. ACQUISITION OF LAND FOR STATE SCHEME. 22. CONSTRUCTION OF WORKS FOR STATE SCHEME. 23. COMMUNITY...
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...For our environmental ethics paper, we decided on the Clean Water Act (CWA). The history behind the CWA goes back longer than one might imagine. Most people think the CWA was originally started in 1972 when Congress passed the Federal Water Pollution Contract Act Amendments, which would commonly be referred to as the Clean Water Act. The CWA was originally passed under President Harry S. Truman in 1948 as the Federal Water Pollution Control Act designed to control water pollution. The original 1948 Federal Water Pollution Control Act “authorized the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, in cooperation with other Federal, state and local entities, to prepare comprehensive programs for eliminating or reducing the pollution of interstate...
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...Business Regulation Simulation University of Phoenix Alumina Inc. is a $4 billion aluminum maker based in the United States (U.S.) and operates in eight other countries around the world. The company has business interests in automotive components and the manufacture of packaging materials, bauxite mining, alumina refining, and aluminum smelting (University of Phoenix, 2008). The U.S. market constitutes 70% of the company’s sales. A crisis has arisen from allegations of environmental damages which have led to a person’s illness (University of Phoenix, 2008). This paper will identify key facts, regulations, and legal issues; identify several of Alumina’s values and stakeholders; identify conflicts which constitute ethical dilemmas; summarize legal counsel’s advice on the issues; and evaluate alternative solutions in the context of Alumina’s legal position. Key Facts, Regulations and Legal Issues Five years ago, a routine EPA compliance inspection revealed higher than acceptable levels of a carcinogenic substance, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), to which Alumina promptly responded with a cleanup. The subsequent environmental audit reported the violation as corrected and the company has maintained a good compliance record since then (University of Phoenix, 2008). Alumina has made every effort to be compliant with environmental regulations. Administering environmental laws at the federal level is the Environmental Protection Agency. Since many of the laws provide...
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...into a nearby stream. The group has also launched an internet campaign geared toward compelling fruit producers to stop purchasing our packing materials. The situation raises environmental issues that relate directly to the Clean Water Act and the Solid Waste Disposal Act. The overall goal of the Clean Water Act is to eliminate the discharge of pollutants in the navigable waters of the United States (Bagley, p.487). To be in violation of the Clean Water Act, the SafePack Materials Pollute group must have several elements present to prove a valid claim towards our company. First, the group must be able to prove that our product is truly the cause of the seepage from the landfill into the nearby stream. Other evidence that may be used as proof may include testimony from witnesses, photographs or video tapes. The group must also be able to prove if our company does or does not have a NPDES permit. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, a NPDES permit program controls water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants into water of the United States (NPDES Overview). The SafePack Materials Pollute also have a claim under the Solid Waste Disposal Act directed towards our company. The Solid Waste Disposal Act governs the management of hazardous wastes (Bagley, p.488). In order for this group to have a valid claim under...
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...LEG 100 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 2 STRAYER To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/leg-100-week-10-assignment-2-strayer/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM LEG 100 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 2 STRAYER LEG 100 Week 10 Assignment 2 Managing Your Skills - Strayer University NEW 2015 Version Note: The companies mentioned herein are merely hypothetical organizations with characteristics developed to enable students to respond to the assignment. You may create and / or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment. In this assignment, you, in the role of a risk manager at Simply Green Products, will draft a document that is commonly used in the business world—a memorandum to your boss. Simply Green Products is a $10 million company that produces biodegradable packing materials that orchards use in the Shenandoah Valley to transport their apples, peaches, and pears nationwide. Biodegradable materials are more eco-friendly because they break down into the environment. Such packing materials are marketed under the name “SafePack,” which is heavily advertised in trade journals. Simply Green Products have had the name “SafePack” imprinted on all of their packing material since 2008; however, they never filed for either state or federal trademark protection. With the movement toward more eco-friendly agricultural production, the fact that such packing materials are biodegradable provides a primary marketing advantage over non-biodegradable...
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...effects on air, water, and land, will have an impact on the final decision where Big Rapids will be located. Regardless of the chosen site, the laws instituted by the EPA must be followed. The following states environmental regulations will be discussed: Arizona, Texas, and Tennessee. Environmental regulations for the state of Arizona are enforced by the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. Arizona’s environmental regulations primarily focus on air, water, and waste. The Grand Canyon National Park is protected by the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts – these provide for monitoring of hazardous air and water pollutants because of its historical significance. According to the Glen Canyon Institute (2010, para. 6), Congress passed the Grand Canyon Protection Act to protect the Canyon and mitigate damages associated with building new structures within it. Big Ben National Park, located on the Rio Grande River in Texas, is another potential site for Big Rapids. The Texas Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for the regulation of air and water pollution as well as waste reduction. The Rio Grande River is primarily used for irrigation and serves as the habitat for many species of wildlife. The E ... Merced River – California --- Yosemite Environmental regulations for the state of California are enforced by the California Environmental Protection Agency. The Cal/EPA enforces the state’s environmental protection laws that ensure clean air, clean water, clean soil,...
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...Whistleblower Teresa Graves HRM/546 June 12, 2016 Kenneth Johnston Whistleblower The whistleblower Protection Act components are to safeguard employees that report any illegal activities or violations of the law. The whistleblower protection act also protects the worker from being fired or even retaliated by their employer("Employment Law: New Challenges In The Business Environment", 2016).In order for an employee to qualify for the whistleblower protection they must first provide a written document that states a disclosure of the reported violation of state and federal laws, through managing in the wrong manner, using their authority in the wrong way, misusing the funds in a unappropriated manner and conducting a danger to the public health contaminate the water supply for the citizen and the public. Contaminating the water flow with the oil can cause a serious threat to the health of the public. Under the Clean Water Act and the Wastewater Management the EPA monitors the activities of industrial and municipal plants to ensure that they are not partaking in any illegal acts that will cause harm through them polluting the water supple to the public("Employment Law: New Challenges In The Business Environment", 2016). The False Claim Act components are to protect whistleblowers from any retaliation from the employers. The False Claim Act also will provide the employee that whistle blows on the company a 20 percent refund on all of the funds that are recovered from those...
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...1. Examine how Congress writes environmental laws and EPA provides the technical, operational, and legal details needed to carry them out. At least 1/2 page summary A number of laws serve as EPA's foundation for protecting the environment and public health. However, most laws do not have enough detail to be put into practice right away. EPA is called a regulatory agency because Congress authorizes us to write regulations that explain the critical details necessary to implement environmental laws. In addition, a number of Presidential Executive Orders (EOs) play a central role in our activities http://www3.epa.gov/region9/enforcement/intro.html Under the Congressional Review Act (CRA), a rule generally cannot take effect until EPA submits a rule report to each House of Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States (head of the U.S. Government Accountability Office). Rules that are not considered "major" under the CRA, may take effect as they otherwise would under other applicable law once a rule report is submitted. A rule that is "major" may take effect no earlier than 60 calendar days after Congress receives the rule report or the rule is published in the Federal Register (FR), whichever is later. The CRA also provides procedures by which Congress can rescind a rule within a specified period of time using expedited procedures. 2. Go to http://www.epa.gov/. Read the Community right-to-know regulation CFR 40 Section 370 and summarize subpart A-B-C and D. Subpart...
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...Running head: ALUMINA RISK ANALYSIS Alumina Risk Analysis Sabrina Waters University of Phoenix MBA 560 Introduction Alumina, Inc. is a $4 billion dollar industry that focuses on aluminum. Alumina, Inc. has withheld a clean image in the past and works hard to retain this image. An incident occurred five years ago where oil was spilled into Lake Dira in which Kelly Bates claims that her daughter now suffers from leukemia due to the spill into the water. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards were developed in 1970 and were designed to protect human health and the environment. The EPA regulation allows the community to be involved by voluntarily discover, disclose, correct, and prevent violations of federal environments. Therefore, Kelly Bates has taken action to prove that Alumina is responsible for her daughter’s illness. Key facts, regulations, and legal issues The key facts identified in the simulation indicate that Alumina, Inc. has been the blame for Kelly Bates daughter illness. However, the study performed by Alumina, Inc. found that Alumina is not outside of regulations and is not responsible. Kelly assumed the right to acquire information regarding Alumina negligence using the Freedom of the Press law. However, the Freedom of the Press is not allowed to print anything that he or she wants without liability, which can cause civil or criminal damages upon the press. Alumina also has the right...
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... Simply Green Products Risk Manager SUBJECT : SafePack Materials Pollute Environmental Group Mr. Howard, I have been charged with giving you the most advantageous and knowledgeable information so you will be able to make the best and most informative decision on whether to get legal counsel involved. I will answer three main questions and give you the most up to date information that you will need to make the best decision. 1.The Environmental Group is stating that we are in violation of Clean Water Act and Solid Waste Disposal Act. The elements that must be present in order for one to prove a valid claim under the law(s) specified under the Clean Water Act according to the Bureau of Energy Management “The CWA made it unlawful for any person to discharge any pollutant from a point source into waters of the United States, unless a NPDES permit was obtained under its provisions.” 2.To be in violation of the solid Waste Disposal Act there are seven elements that have to be met According to Cornell Law there are seven elements under 42 U.S. Code Chapter 82, Subchapter III - HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT sub section 6928 in brief it states that a person cannot knowingly treats, stores, or disposes of any hazardous waste identified or listed under this subchapter, knowingly omits material information or makes any false material statement or representation in any application, label, manifest, record, report, permit, or other document filed, maintained, or...
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