...Water and water purification A plentiful supply of suitable water is essential for a dyeing and bleaching plant. Before modern methods of water purification were purification were available, the textile industries tended to congregate in areas where the natural water supply was plentiful and sufficiently pure. Water with a high degree of purity is rarely obtainable from natural sources. A knowledge of he impurities which will probably be present and how to remove them is, therefore, desirable. Supplies of water may be classified as follows: i) rain water ii) surface water, which consists of rain which has collected into streams, rivers, or lakes; iii) subsoil water, which has percolated a small distance into the ground. It is collected from shallow wells or surface springs; and iv) deep well waters, which have usually percolated through several strata. ➢ Rain water:- Rain, collected immediately after propitiation, is the purest of all natural waters. It may contain traces of gases dissolved out of the atmosphere, and possibly an almost infinitely small amount of finely divided solid matter derived from the air. In the neighborhood of towns rain may collect dissolved or suspended impurities such as soot, traces of sulphur dioxide, or sulphuric acid, and other by-products of industrialization. Rain water from such sources is improved by filtration through a bed of sand. Although the collection of rain for industrial purposes dose not warrant...
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...Marking Scheme(Note: Breakdown of marks must be shown for each sub-question) | Allocation of Marks | 1. Who are the key players in this case? What are their roles?The key players are Mary May and Mr. Edwards.Mary May was a project manager who reported directly to Mr Edwards. As a project manager, Mary was responsible to oversee project implementation as well as the project’s pricing and costing.Mr Edwards was the Water Purification Group Vice President. He was responsible to all projects under the group and therefore need to ensure the profitability of the group. 2. What is the main issue faced by Mary? What decision Mary need to make?Project ORG7, which is under Mary’s management showed cost overruns. The actual costs of completing the project were higher than the budgeted, causing significant losses to the group. Such losses would cause Mary’s bonus and also the groups’ overall performance.Mary is in the position to determine cost allocation for all projects under her management. Therefore she has the opportunity to intentionally allocate the extra costs to other projects under her management. 3. What are Mary May’s alternatives? Please provide supporting calculation to each alternative.Alternative 1: allocate the RM2,000,000 to Project ORG7Profit before tax = Total Revenue – Total costs= RM7,000,000 – RM8,200,000= - RM1,2000,000 or 17.1% lossesAlternative 2: allocated the RM2,000,000 to another projectProfit before tax = Total Revenue – Total costs= RM7,000,000 –...
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...drinking water. Statistics show roughly one-eighth of the world's population lacks access to safe water supplies,while as many as 2.5 billion people live without sanitized water. Untreated water is full of unhealthy chemicals and contaminants that, if consumed,lead to uncomfortable and sometimes fatal disease, including dysentery and diarrhea, Water purification plants remove these harmful impurities though a process of pretreatment,coagulation,filtration,and disinfection,making our water safe to drink. The first step in water purification is pertreatment. During treatment,water is pumped in from its source and screened to remove any large twigs,leaves,or other debris before reaching to holding tanks. Next, coagulation begins. Coagulation removes dirt and other particles from the water by adding a chemical that forms sticky particles called floc. The floc combines with the dirt particles as the water moves to a sedimentary basin. Once inside the basin, the combined weight of the dirt and floc causes it to sink to the floor as sedimentation. The sedimentation is then removed from the floor as sedimentation. The sedimentation is then removed from the water,giving water it's clear,colorless quality. While coagulation removes the sedimentation from the water,the filtration phase pushes the remaining particles and unsettled sedimentation through filters of sand or charcoal. Filtration reduces particles in the water by about 90 to 95 percent. Lastly the water is pumped...
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...by Clorox of the right to market Brita Water Purifier Pitchers in United States, and then became the President and General Manager of Brita USA. He proposed a risky deficit-spending strategy to gain market with the goal of getting a Brita water pitcher on every kitchen countertop in the United States. As a result Brita USA incurred heavy losses upfront as initial sunk costs dwarfed any revenue from sales, and the company saw no profits in its first 4 years. Couric however, believed that in the long run the strategy would pay off as once Brita had achieved enough market share the company would make back its losses through repeat sales for pitcher filters. Time proved Charlie Couric right in that, for while the pitchers were developed at a high cost, the lower costing filters saved the consumer more money in the long run and became the main source of revenue for Brita. By 1999 Brita had sold 17 million pitchers and had close to 200 million in revenues per annum. Brita now enjoyed a 70 market share of home water purification industry. Problem: In 1999, Brita now faces a new competitor in the water purification industry, with a new product. PUR, the only competitor to Brita with double digit market share, announced that it would be spending $40 million in advertising and promotion to support the launch of a new line of faucet-mounted and pitcher filters, marketing its technologically-advanced filter system that removed more water contaminants than the Brita filters. ...
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...Filtering and Purifying water before you drink it has now become a crucial part of living in a rapidly growing, economically expanding world. Did you know that roughly one-eighth of the world's population lacks access to safe water supplies, while as many as 2.5 billion people live without sanitized water? Untreated water is made up of unhealthy chemicals and contaminants that if taken in through the body can lead to some fatal diseases. Water purification plants remove harmful impurities through a process of pretreatment, coagulation, filtration, and disinfection, making our water safe to drink. There are a few steps in purifying water that I will be discussing with you shortly. The first step in water purification is pretreatment. During pretreatment, water is pumped in from its source and screened to remove any large objects, leaves, and debris before reaching the holding tanks. Next, the coagulation process begins. Coagulation removes the dirt and other particles from the water by adding a chemical that forms a sticky substance called “floc”. Floc combines with dirt as the water moves to a sedimentary basin. The sedimentary is then removed from the water giving water its clear, colorless quality. While coagulation removes the sedimentation from the water, the second to last process is taking place which is the filtration phase which pushes the remaining particles through filters of sand and charcoal. Filtration reduces the water by about 90 to 95 percent. The last process...
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...several years. By 2003 the water supply in the city was at an all-time low. The decline in the water supply and a constant drought forced the water authority to enforce water restrictions and other incentives to encourage residence to conserve water. There was only enough water for the community for 9 months when there was a need for a 3 - 5 year supply. The Aurora city government and the Aurora water authority desperately needed a solution to the issue of dwindling water supply, after analyzing several possible resolutions to the problem; the Aurora city council approved the Prairie Water Project in 2010. The city sought a project to increase the city’s water supply by adding 10,000 acres of renewable water within a 5 year timeframe with a budget of $854 million. The Meridian Colorado project management team of CH2MHill was chosen to complete the plan. CH2MHill is a worldwide organization that is a leader in providing their clients who needed engineering or consulting resolutions. They also provided their clients with solutions by being technologically sound, creative, and inventiveness. They are known for delivering a quality product and sharing the benefits. The Prairie Water Project was a plan to provide the Aurora, Colorado community with a sustainable water source. The project would draw water from the South Platte River by extracting from a well and treating it through a purification process, then pumping it 34 miles to a water treatment plant. Diebel, J...
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...------------------------------------------------- Marketing Case Fairchild Water Technologies, Inc. Rong Fan I. Firm Summary a. What is the firm’s current mission/vision? Gather background data on the possibility of Fairchild Water Technologies, Inc. entering the Indian market for home water purification devices. b. Describe the firm’s current brand. Fairchild Water Technologies, Inc. was founded in 1980 by Eugene Fairchild. The company’s first product was a desalinator used by mobile home parks in Florida to remove salts from brackish well water supplied to residents and that lead a huge success. New products’ prices higher than other competitors. The company have over 4,000 employees. The company start to export sales from 1985 and almost reach $140 million in 2000. The company has a lot of sales offices, small assembly areas and distribution facilities in other countries. By late 1995. Two models had been sale to other countries and got a big success. In late 1999, the company has the “delight purifier”. c. What is the firm’s current unique selling proposition (i.e. what is it that they do that their competition doesn’t do)? Delight Purifier. The Delight purifier used a combination of technologies to remove four types of contaminants found in potable water. The engineers at Fairchild Water Technologies, Inc. had interpreted several WHO reports on potable water and had combined the technologies to purify water to a level beyond WHO standards. II. Firm Marketing...
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...Feb 9, 2013 My first product is our home's Rainsoft system. This is a water purification system that we purchased for our home back in 2007. The Rainsoft is connected to our main water supply valve and installed in our garage. The purpose of the Rainsoft is to eleminate hard water. In essence, it treats the water for any chemicals or residues, takes out the chlorine and iron that resides in the county water, and leaves it soft, as well. Obtaining this unit gifted us wuth truly filtered water straight from the sink. It also takes away the hardness of the water, and this is especially good for our family, as it's easier on your skin and both of our children have eczema. As a personal consumer, my decision to buy this unit was strongly influenced salesman's marketing pitch. One of the most notable features was the unit's location - hidden away in our garage, unseen by all, and even mobile if we ever decided to move to a new house. The price also played a large role in our purchase. We just purchased the house, and the unit came with a discount for all new homebuyers. The second product would be our newly aquired Roku boxes. We purchased two boxes - one for our living room and one for our master bedroom. We wanted to cut down on bills. So, we dropped our ATT U-Verse cable account and started with the Roku boxes. This allows us to stream our wirelessinternet to these boxes and watch all of our shows. It is similar to the Apple Box. The Roku streams our...
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...P&G, Unilever, Panasonic, The $2-A-Day Initiative 1) There are five methods for entering foreign markets. P&G and Unilever used the direct investment method to reach he $2-a-day consumer. Both companies have invested a large sum of money into teams to do lifestyle research in various developing markets. Specifically, P&G has invested $70 million in a regional research and development facility in Beijing in order to research, source, and develop products in the region, instead of at the company’s headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio. Unilever has invested in a division in India that developed Pureit, a $43 battery powered water purification system. 2) A global marketing mix is a blend of product, place, promotion, and pricing strategies designed to produce mutually satisfying exchanged worldwide. P&G uses standardization as their marketing mix. Standardization is the use of a single product for all markets. P&G drastically changed an existing product to innovate for the area it is selling to. For example, P&G came out with Tide Naturals, which is free of chemical irritants for those who have to do laundry by hand. They have also used product adaption by slightly altering existing products. P&G increased package size of Tide Naturals. In doing so, P&G kept the price the same for the bigger bottle. P&G have worked on their distribution by increasing the awareness of their disposable diapers to the population. 3) Many companies are...
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...has been a top priority in society. Among these natural resources, water is among the most popular. In particular, securing safe drinking water has become the general focal point, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has outlined several mandates to ensure safe drinking water is distributed among the public. However, water treatment plants across the United States do not always follow these regulations, and harmful chemicals and byproducts exist in drinking water as a result. According to the New York Times analysis of federal data, more than 20% of the United States water treatment systems do not provide water immune to certain chemicals or harmful bacteria (Duhigg 1). Background When the Clean Water Act was drafted in 1974, its original provision was to clean US waterways, providing “fishable and swimmable” water to the public (“Troubled Waters” 1). However, even after 38 years, this act has not been completely fulfilled, due to lack of enforcement and political entanglement. These factors are discussed more thoroughly in the next few sections. Environmental Protection Agency The Environmental Protection Agency was created in 1972 to do exactly what its title states: to protect all sectors of our environment from harmful treatment, therefore preserving the “green” side of all life. In particular, the Safe Drinking Water Act is most relevant to this report. It was set down to ensure that water would no longer carry harmful bacteria or chemicals from its source...
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... ON STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERINCE SCHEME (SIWES) AT WATER BOARD WATER WORKS DEPARTMENT KADUNA SOUTH PLANT AND WATER WORKS KADUNA, KADUNA STATE BY ADEJOH SAFIYA (UJ/2007/NS/SLT/0103) SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY CHEMICAL PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY OPTION IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN CHEMICAL/PETROLEUM TECH. OCTOBER, 2012 i DEDICATION This work is dedicated to almighty Allah for the gift of life. To my lovely Mum {Mariam} and my caring Elder brother {Muhammed Awwal} for their love and support both morally and financially throughout my experience. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to acknowledge my Industrial based Supervisor Engr. Aminu and the entire staff of the Kaduna state water board plant and water works for their guidance throughout the period of my training. I am also grateful to my departmental supervisors for their understanding and support. I would also like to give much thanks to my dear friends whose...
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...SLC 92FLW40 11-002 WATER CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM I 2003-2004 SFC BRIAN HARRIS WATER DAWGS ALL THE WAY!!! SFC Brian Harris Mr. Wahid/ Mr. Verrett SLC 92FLW40 11-002 4 January 2011 In June 2003, I was deployed to Iraq with my unit 82nd Forward Support Battalion, Ft. Bragg, NC. Once operations in Fallujah were underway I was sent to assist the 186th Quartermaster Detachment, Ft. Bragg, NC. I wasn’t with them long just long enough to assist with a few of their set ups, but I moved quickly and ensured every mission that was given was completed with 110% competency. The first mission was to patrol a fuel pipeline and 12 pump stations leading from Kuwait to Iraq with 24 NCOs and Soldiers which I personally didn’t take part of since I was already in country. The mission consisted of three shifts patrolling the pipeline to ensure that it was not tampered with and if anyone was found on the route they were to be detained. Six Iraqi civilians who attempted to sabotage the pipeline were detained during a 30 day period. The next mission we were given was to set up a water purification and distribution site in Talil, Iraq. The Detachment set up five 3000GPH Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit’s (ROWPU) purifying over two million gallons of potable water. The Detachment supported the Iraqi civilians, the Italian, Turkish, Korean, and American Armies. This mission was continuous throughout the 2003-2004 deployment. The Detachment was...
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...Cost Allocation at Water Purification Group Mary May pushed the door to her office thinking about her plan to enrol her daughter for a medical degree at a private university. The private university is the only institution of higher learning that her daughter can apply for, considering her high school results. Mary sat down at her table and a smile came to her lips. Her financial situation will definitely improve after the company, Bio-Organics, announce this year’s bonuses. Project ORG7 she was working on is already in the completion stage and as a project manager, she was sure Project ORG7 will bring in the targeted profits. With that in mind, Mary pulled open a file marked ORG7 from her drawer. The file was submitted by her secretary yesterday, just before Mary left the office. Mary’s smile abruptly left her face when the latest cost sheet was staring at her from the file. Clearly written in the cost sheet was an amount of RM2,000,000 for R&D expenditure related to Project ORG7. A year ago, Mary has approved R&D expenditure of RM5,000,000 for Project ORG7 and the final RM2,000,000 was only recently incurred. Mary quickly scanned Project ORG7 cost documents and disappointedly realised the RM2,000,000 will reduce Project ORG7’s profits to a negative! BIO-ORGANICS The company was founded in 1988 and had obtained the largest market share in the large-scale provision of clean water. Bio-Organics had developed membrane-based and other advanced technology systems...
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...essential needs for survival, water along with other resources has become the victim of indifference.” – Rachel Carson Disease. Famine. Death. Words that can send a shiver up the mortal spines of those that are even the coldest at heart. When we talk about the water we drink, or more specifically, the water consumed by the noble people of India, these words not often document an exceptional case but an irrefutable rule. In plain terms, India and its people need clean water; to bathe in, to cook with; to drink. They can achieve this goal though the use of private portable water purification methods. In this case study, we will provide planned analysis as to how Blair Water is posed in the unique position of being able to successfully integrate itself into the Indian water market. We will provide detailed descriptions for the past, current, and future trends of The Indian water purification market, and how Blair Water with the introduction of the “Delight” product (The most advanced, elegant, and easy to use water purification system to date) will capture the attention of the Indian people, raise awareness to the current putrefied “filtering” methods that are already in place, and ascend to dominate an already knowledgeable and thirsty market with few strong competitors. Our goal is to attain a 51% market share in 5 years. We will accomplish this with a marketing structure that will raise awareness to the need for a “complete” water purification system while pointing out the...
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...the partial fulfillment of the award of the Diploma of PGDM and this work has not been submitted for similar purpose anywhere else except to IAMR, Ghaziabad, approved by AICTE. Date: Place: (ASHISH KUMAR SAINI) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the Management of HUL at Jaipur for providing me the opportunity to get an exposure of their esteemed unit. I am sincerely thankful to the HR department for coordinating my training and explicitly express my thanks to Mr. Shahnawaz Alam for their continued help and guidance during my stay there. Last but not the least, I express my deep gratitude to my mentor Miss. Subodh Choudhary for sending me to a large integrated water division of Pureit of HUL and giving me a chance to acquire experience of my lifetime. I also express my thanks to parents and all family members and friends who directly or indirectly provided me their moral support....
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