...------------------------------------------------- Water Resource Plan SCI/275 October 6, 2013 Katrina Baron October 6, 2013 Katrina Baron The issue of freshwater pollution is a serious level of concern. The Environmental Protection Agency has projected that water pollution will be as high in 2025 as it was in 1968, which is before the passage of the Clean Water Act. We must comprehend the problems and become part of the resolution in order to combat this pollution. There are many different types of water pollution, with that being said the quality and quantity of our clean freshwater resources are depleting. The water pollution is not just a local issue but rather a global problem that does require serious attention in order for the cleanup of these contaminates to be anywhere near successful. According to Pielou, (1998) “The UN reports that one person in six lives without regular access to safe drinking water.” There are many essential changes that are needed that are not going to come easily. We need to remember that water is essential to the survival of all living things. We need to do everything we can to maintain the quality of clean water. The world today has various categories of water pollution that affects it. We do recognize this reality, but humans still ignore this problem by polluting the rivers and lakes. Many humans throw their trash into the lakes and rivers when they are fishing and camping. The main contributors of water pollution are classified as municipal...
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...Water Resource Plan Water Resource Plan This is the link to the Audio Ace recording followed by the transcript and references: http://host7721.mytruvirtual.com/AudioAceHHS/?a=QZaecavNuUqbxxxnoatPgg “Coastal development is a major threat to shorelines and ocean waters. High population growth; large for profit corporations; and lack of enforcement for conservation programs; among other things, threaten the sustainability of clean water resources, onshore and off. With the use of an integrated management program people can develop a sustained use of coastal resources and perpetual maintenance initiatives. Sustainable development encourages social well-being along with economic prosperity while minimizing the impact on the ecosystem. With a plan that is tailored to meet the needs of local residents and the needs of the environment, the processes can create a level of cohabitation between man and nature. Through the processes of arrangement, coordination, and review; coastal development can be utilized in a manner that provides a benefit to the people and the environment. Arrangement involves a detailed plan for development and resource protection, including policies, goals, legal authorization and an enforcement mechanism. Coordination with governing agencies; including permit issuers and inspectors; will insure the safety of the resources. Review; including an environmental impact assessment and a review mechanism; insures that the arrangement and coordination have been successfully...
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...Week 6 Assignment Water Resource Plan Jeff White SCI275 January 22, 2012 Week 6 Assignment Water Resource Plan Groundwater consists of surface water of lakes and streams and the underground aquifers that feed them. Because groundwater is believed to be infinitely renewable in many areas of the world, the threat to it is not recognized. This is extremely dangerous because, in reality, groundwater cannot be naturally replenished and plans must be formed to protect it. Many above ground reservoirs that are used as municipal water sources are feed by what are classified as “fossil aquifers”. These aquifers hold water that is, in some cases, hundreds of thousands of years old and they are minimally recharged if at all by surface precipitation that must penetrate hundreds of feet to reach the aquifer. It is estimated that up to 30% of water can be removed from lakes, rivers, and aquifers and not adversely affect the replenishment rate. Based on declining world precipitation estimates and with current and future municipal water consumption, there is no way these water sources can survive indefinitely. One of the key elements of insuring that groundwater will be available in the future is by developing a replenishment plan. Because of the precipitation estimates, natural replenishment seems unreliable and therefore a human methodical process must be employed to make wastewater, meaning municipally treated water that just goes down the drain, useable again. This is known as...
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...Mitigation Strategies and Solutions SCI/275 Water Resource specifically Water Pollution is the water resource issue I selected for my Mitigation Strategies and Solutions. According to Encyclopedia.com (2010), water pollution “began in the nineteenth century as a result of urbanization, industrial development and modern agricultural practices.” Water Pollution is categorized as two sources Non-point source pollution which contributes to eutrophication in freshwater resource as a result of water pollution because usually this type of pollution results from “land runoff, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, drainage, seepage or hydrologic modification,” according to Epa.gov (2010). However, Point Source Pollution happens because the dumping of the sewage, garbage, ship oils, and other waste from human activity. These pollutants and toxins kill the ecosystem. These would be the negative human impacts. Additional effects are contaminated drinking water which can cause a variety of health problems such as, ear , eyes and throat irritation, aggravate symptoms of asthma and chronic bronchitis just to name a few. These pollutants are a threat to public health These effects from pollutants have damaging consequences on the drinking water supplies, fisheries, wildlife, and recreational use such as swimming. The growing human population is also a problem because the demand for water already exceeds the current water supply. As the human population continue to increase...
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...are one of the earth’s most important resources. Aquifers provide drinking water to millions of people in the United States. Aquifers are also a source of water for industrial and agricultural uses. More must be done to protect this resource. Currently we are seeing the depletion and contamination of this precious resource. Chemicals we put on our lawns to chemical spills are leading to the contamination of the United States’ aquifers. Over pumping of the aquifers is also another growing problem. As the population of countries is increasing, so is the amount of water needed to satisfy the population. If countries are not careful about the consumption and contamination of these aquifers, we could be on the verge of losing our water supply that is used for drinking and farming. Contributing factors and those affected Sadly the thing that is contributing most to this problem is the very thing that can fix it and that is humans. Also, it is the people around the world that are affected by the depletion of our aquifers. The increase in the demand for water is directly related to the increased population around the world. Water drilling is far exceeding the ability of the aquifers to replenish themselves. The world is taking too much. Unfortunately, many times it is not known until one sees that the well is actually already dry. What most people do not see is the link between the amount of water we have and food. Seventy percent of all water is used for farming irrigation. The other...
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...particularly around water. Water is critical for economic growth and well-being; conversely, economic activities have an impact on water availability and quality. When water resources are limited or contaminated, or where economic activity is unconstrained and inadequately regulated, serious social problems can arise. And in China, these factors have come together in a way that is leading to more severe and complex water challenges than in almost any other place on the planet. II. Water Problems and Possible Solutions China’s water resources are over allocated, inefficiently used, and grossly polluted by human and industrial wastes, to the point that vast stretches of rivers are dead and dying, lakes are cesspools of waste, groundwater aquifers are over-pumped and unsustainably consumed, uncounted species of aquatic life have been driven to extinction, and direct adverse impacts on both human and ecosystem health are widespread and growing. Of the 20 most seriously polluted cities in the world, 16 are in China. The major watersheds of the country all suffer severe pollution. Three hundred million people lack access to safe drinking water. Desertification, worsened by excessive withdrawals of surface and groundwater, is growing in northern China. Some of the water problems that China is facing are: • 700 million people consume contaminated water • 40% of the Chinese water is polluted. And 50% of that water is so severely dangerous, that even contact with the water is...
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...NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS THE CHINA-INDIA-PAKISTAN WATER CRISIS: PROSPECTS FOR INTERSTATE CONFLICT by James F. Brennan September 2008 Thesis Co-Advisors: Alice Lyman Miller Feroz Khan Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 2008 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: The China-India-Pakistan Water Crisis: Prospects for 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Interstate Conflict 6. AUTHOR(S) James F. Brennan, Lieutenant, United States Navy 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY...
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...New Water Sources Mark Harbison Southern New Hampshire University Water is one of our most preciouses and sought after resource. With cities facing rapid population growth, sources of fresh clean water are running low and some of these cities are looking at the possibility of creating new water reservoirs to solve this problem. On paper these reservoirs look good. They provide ample supplies of water, while giving people a place to relax and for recreation. But is the cost of the new reservoir worth the damage to the existing ecosystem? One such proposed reservoir, the Marvin Nichols Reservoir, is the center of much debate here in Northeast Texas. The new lake will cover over 72,000 acres of hardwood forest, river bottoms, farmland, and ranchland. With most of the water going to the Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex, is the damage to the current ecosystem really necessary? Can the Metroplex enforce more water conservation regulations to save water without expanding their water sources? What will happen to the native plants and animals in the area? All these questions are at the center of a huge debate over the proposed reservoir. Now the Dallas area is one of our nation’s fastest growing areas. From 2010 to 2013 this area has seen a growth rate of 6.0 percent, which brings the current population to just fewer than 7 million people. This Growth can be attributed to the relatively low cost of living in the area. The State of Texas as a whole profited a great...
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...Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh is characterized by a number of achievements and challenges. The share of the population with access to an improved water source was estimated at 98% in 2004,[1] a very high level for a low-income country. This has been achieved to a large extent through the construction of handpumps with the support of external donors. However, in 1993 it was discovered that groundwater, the source of drinking water for 97% of the rural population and a significant share of the urban population, is in many cases naturallycontaminated with arsenic. It gradually emerged that 70 million people drank water which exceeds the WHO guidelines of 10 microgram of arsenic per liter, and 30 million drank water containing more than the Bangladesh National Standard of 50 microgram per liter, leading tochronic arsenic poisoning.[10] On the other hand, surface water is usually polluted and requires treatment.[11] Taking arsenic contamination into account, it was estimated that in 2004 still 74% of the population had access to arsenic-free drinking water. Another challenge is the low level of cost recovery due to low tariffs and poor economic efficiency, especially in urban areas where revenues from water sales do not even cover operating costs. In rural areas, users contribute 34% of investment costs,[9] and at least in piped water schemes supported by the Rural Development Academy recover operating costs. Sanitation faces its own set of challenges, with only 39% of...
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...55 Mongolia: The Water Situation in Ulaanbaatar Mongolia: The Water Situation in Ulaanbaatar Hiroshi Sato* I. Introduction To many, Mongolia is a country of steppes and desert. Geographically, the country can be divided into three main regions: north, central and south. These regions vary greatly in terms of terrain, climate and other natural elements. The west of northern Mongolia is a wooded region covered in Siberian taiga forest. Meanwhile, the central region is home to Mongolia’s vast, characteristic steppes, and southern Mongolia is full of desert steppes. In 1990, Mongolia abandoned socialism and its one-party rule as the People’s Revolutionary Party introduced a multiple party system with influence from the Soviet perestroika movement. Then in 1992, the constitution was amended and the nation of Mongolia was born. Through these reforms, Mongolia ushered in a new democracy and transitioned from a planned economy to a market economy. As the economy flourished following the transition, a number of issues came to the surface. Of the issues raised, environmental issues are a major one in Mongolia. Currently, the impacts of domestic economic stimulation and problems such as recent global warming on the environment can be seen everywhere. Mongolia’s environmental problems are wide-ranging; air pollution, waste management, water pollution, overcentralization in the capital, energy issues, water resources, and urban environmental issues are but a few of...
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...Approximately 97% of the water found on Earth is saltwater leaving around 3% of Earth’s water as freshwater. Of this, 70% is in the form of ice in glaciers, ice caps and as permanent snow. The remaining minority of available freshwater is stretched for use by Earth’s 6 ¾ billion people for agriculture, industry, recreation, tourism and municipal use. This remaining useable freshwater is in the form of lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, and general wet areas. Lakes, ponds and bogs are generally stationary bodies of water, although bogs can be a source of rivers and streams, which are moving bodies of water. Freshwater ecosystems support us many other ways too; dams can be built to harness the power of rivers to generate electricity. Rivers also provide water for irrigation and industry, processing wastes, producing timber and supplying food. Freshwater serves an important role in transporting goods via ships. They also serve for recreational, cultural and aesthetic purposes. Because of the huge demand we have on freshwater systems, they require 'Management and Policies' in order to regulate and protect them. Pollution and waste due to industrial exploitation and overpopulation are a serious threat to our freshwater resources. Residential, commercial and industrial premises are often concentrated near waterways, lakes and rivers. Historically, humans have congregated by freshwater and used it as medium for transport of goods and people. Now that we know how important water is to the planet...
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...should authorities have in maintaining a clean and adequate water supply? Sid Stallings, Jr. Western Governors University What role should authorities have in maintaining a clean and adequate water supply? Water is essential for every living being on earth. It covers 70% of our planet, but only about 3% is fresh water. Of that 3%, 2/3 of it is frozen as glaciers, so only about 1% of the world’s water is actually usable for drinking, cleaning, and irrigating farmlands according to the World Wildlife Fund (Krchnak, 2014). Some populations, industries, and businesses are using up the limited supply of fresh water at an alarming rate for personal gain, leaving many without this vital resource. The water supply is deteriorating as it is becoming ever more polluted from chemical run off from farms and industry, poor water management practices, over use, and expanding populations. This is causing severe shortage problems, skyrocketing water prices, and major environmental issues around the world. Research suggests that over-use of the world’s available fresh water supplies is a major problem, because use is exceeding the ability of nature and water treatment plants to keep up with demand, rising costs have led to a lack of access to safe water for many poor people, and shortages of adequate fresh water cause there to be insufficient water to sustain communities around the world. Water usage and lack of adequate fresh water affects everyone, so should governmental or international...
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...CAP-AND-TRADE: MAXIMIZING THE WATER OFFSET MARKET By Philip Ouellette A Capstone Paper Submitted to the Faculty of Norwich University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements Degree of Master of Public Administration June 2011 Table of Contents Part 1: Florida Water Policy Historical reference. pg. 4 Water policy challenge. pg. 5 Legal primacy. pg. 6 Water policy considerations. pg. 9 Part 2: Public Interest Concerning Alternative Water Sources Credible water sources. pg. 12 Salt water desalination. pg. 13 Brackish surface/ground water. pg. 13 Reclamation water. pg. 15 Demand management. pg. 16 Part 3: Public interest the economic driver Offset water regulation. pg. 20 Central leadership. pg. 23 Conclusion pg. 24 Thesis The question is; if Florida water management districts are not able to shift water resources between districts based on statutory authority then regional oversight must be incorporated to meet future water demand. Part 1: Florida Water Policy Historical Reference In 1955 Florida established its first water policy with the passage of the Water Resources Act of 1957(SJRWMD, 1957). This led to the development of Florida’s Water Model Code that granted five water management districts authority to manage water resources in the State of Florida. When the Florida Resources Act of 1972 was enacted, the water management districts inherited a...
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...“Water, not Oil, is the lifeblood of Texas” -James A. Michener 2011 saw what was one of the driest seasons in Texas’ history, local climatologists are forcasting one of the worst droughts since the 1950’s when Texas rainfall dropped 30-50% lower than normal and temperatures rose to incredibly abnormal highs (Brown, Texas Punishing dry spells). As a result water supplies ran so low that many communities had to import water from outside states, many local farms and ranches failed and the state’s demographics became skewed due to the high number of relocated families (Brown). This drought and its effects were some of the worst since those seen in 1908 when Bowder springs was completely depleted, the Trinity River was pumped dry, and all water storage along the river proved inadequate (Turner, Long Range Water Supplies Plan). Due to the brevity of time available to find a solution, many studies have been enacted in efforts to find a viable solution to the potential water losses. We present to you in parts 1 and 2 our findings on possible scenarios for water conservation and outside resources should our current available resources become depleted. Part 1: Solutions for Replenishing Depleted Local Water Resources Sourcing Water from Local Aquifers When many think of the valuable underground natural resources that are found in Texas, oil and natural gas are sure to be at the top the list for most people. And by and large they are correct, but there is one resource that is a part...
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...A SWOT analysis of the Bangladesh economy [pic][pic] Mustafa K. Mujeri OVER the last few decades, Bangladesh has been following a development path that was blazed by the fast growing Asian economies with export led growth fuelling higher living standards and falling poverty. Despite this, it is not too difficult to posit that Bangladesh today has more in common with the laggards in Asia. Slow growth, rising inequality, and a deprived countryside deny the vast majority of the Bangladeshi people the opportunity to enjoy happier, healthier, and more prosperous lives. For moving forward, Bangladesh needs to identify the opportunities and the key weaknesses that the country faces and adopt appropriate measures. There are many ways of doing this analysis. One popular method is to list the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) facing the economy and society at large. Although the SWOT analysis is more often applied to evaluate the competitive position of a company this can also be applied to a country. In particular, SWOT analysis is forward looking; it is less for the past than for the future. The exercise identifies areas that need attention or might emerge as problem areas in future. There may be success in some areas. But does that mean we should continue to do the same or shift gears and put more emphasis on other issues? The main purpose of conducting a SWOT is to get a sense of the relevant issues of taking strategic decisions-- of priorities, of...
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