...SICHALWE COURSE: ICT STUDENT NO: BFIN 0512014 PROGRAMME: BANKING AND FINANCE ASSIGNMENT: 1 1.(a) In plain words ‘E-commerce’ is simply Electronic commerce. E-commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services by businesses and consumers through an electronic medium. Below are three models of Electronic commerce; • Business-to-Business(B2B) – In this type electronic commerce, the trade is only between businesses or other organisations. An example of B2B is Cisco. Cisco is a corporation that designs, manufactures and sells networking equipment,. Cisco trades with other businesses and organisations. • Business-to-Consumer(B2C) – This type of electronic commerce involves a business and an individula shopper. Businesses sell goods and products to individual shoppers(Consumer). An example of B2C is Amazon. Amazon is a E-commerce company that deals with online retailing. Sells to consumers. • Consumer-to-Consumer(C2C) – In this model electronic commerce, the trade off is done between consumers directly. An example of C2C is e-bay. E-bay is an E-commerce corporations that enables C2C (b) Internet The Internet is a ‘Network’consisiting of a worlwide interconnection of computer networks that facilitate data transmission and exchange. As organisations grow larger, communcation becomes complex. The internet makes it more efficient o communicate...
Words: 1853 - Pages: 8
...As Mike Waterson's opinions were considered above the opinions of the robotics department, this decision was not just. \subsection{The Waterfall Model} \subsubsection{The Decision} The Waterfall Model of software development was chosen over the Prototype Model, courtesy of Sam Reynolds. \subsubsection{Background} Sam Reynolds, due to his background in data processing, chose the Waterfall Model, which he was more familiar with, over the Prototyping model, which was supported by his staff and was a superior choice for the project. The use of the Waterfall Model led to a product that was difficult for operators to use, which contributed the incident. \subsubsection{Analysis} Again, Sam Reynolds' decision was being considered above the opinions of most other employees in the robotics decision, which was unfair. \subsection{The Early Shipping} \subsubsection{The Decision} The robot arm was shipped out, despite being unfinished and was internally known to be buggy....
Words: 1665 - Pages: 7
...IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 5, September 2010 ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org 94 A Comparison Between Five Models Of Software Engineering Nabil Mohammed Ali Munassar1 and A. Govardhan2 1 Ph.D Student of Computer Science & Engineering Jawahrlal Nehru Technological University Kuktapally, Hyderabad- 500 085, Andhra Pradesh, India Professor of Computer Science & Engineering Principal JNTUH of Engineering College, Jagityal, Karimnagar (Dt), A.P., India 2 Abstract This research deals with a vital and important issue in computer world. It is concerned with the software management processes that examine the area of software development through the development models, which are known as software development life cycle. It represents five of the development models namely, waterfall, Iteration, V-shaped, spiral and Extreme programming. These models have advantages and disadvantages as well. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to represent different models of software development and make a comparison between them to show the features and defects of each model. Keywords: Software Management Processes, Software Development, Development Models, Software Development Life Cycle, Comparison between five models of Software Engineering. increased recently which results in the difficulty of enumerating such companies. During the previous four decades, software has been developed from a tool used for analyzing information...
Words: 3810 - Pages: 16
...Jamar Cunningham SD1230: Module Exercise 5 Date: 2-16-16 Agile and Waterfall are two distinct methods of software development. The Waterfall model can essentially be described as a linear model of software design. Like its name suggests, waterfall employs a sequential design process. Development flows sequentially from start point to end point, with several different stages: Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction, Testing, Implementation, and Maintenance. The Agile method proposes an incremental and iterative approach to software design. It was essentially developed in response to the limitations of Waterfall, as a way to give designers more freedom. The design process is broken into individual models that designers work on. There is no pre-determined course of action or plan with the Agile method. Rather, designers are free to respond to changes in requirements as they arise and make changes as the project progresses. Agile is a pretty new player to the development game. However, it has made substantial gains in use and popularity in the last couple of years. Agile: The Pros Agile offers an incredibly flexible design model, promoting adaptive planning and evolutionary development. Agile might be described as freeform software design. Software developers work on small modules at a time. Agile can be especially beneficial in situations where the end-goals of projects are not clearly defined. For example, if you are working with a client whose needs and...
Words: 749 - Pages: 3
...going to plan because of which Pearson moved from the traditional waterfall model to the new agile development methodology. Benefits realized in shifting from Waterfall to Agile 1. With the iterative and evolving approach, the agile methodology allowed Pearson to have a customer driven approach to development which allowed them to meet customer expectations in a more efficient manner compared to earlier. 2. Since the agile model focused on short iterative sprints, it helped in reducing the costs related to changes to the product features midway through the development cycle. 3. The agile model allowed teams in Pearson to adapt, design, and prioritize product features based on the feedback they received from product managers and customers. 4. Another advantage that Pearson realized was that using the agile model made the process backward scalable. In other words, it became easier to develop the software as the requirements kept coming in from the customers. Despite the advantages that Pearson realized from moving to the agile model, there were also some downsides that Pearson faced when they shifted from the waterfall model to the agile development model. Downsides associated with shifting to Agile 1. In the waterfall model there were clear lines between what developers did and what QA engineers did. These lines had blurred after adopting the agile model. 2. In order to adopt the agile model, Pearson had to put in efforts to transition all offshore software...
Words: 480 - Pages: 2
...the more common and most used methodologies are the Waterfall method, and the agile method. This paper will focus on these two methods giving detailed descriptions, as well as advantages and disadvantages. Testing for each method will also be covered. The Waterfall Method The Waterfall Method of development is a linear-sequential life cycle model. This method is very simple to use and understand. In this model, each phase needs to be completed before the next phase can begin, phases cannot overlap, and once you finish a phase you cannot go back. A good example of this process is a literal waterfall flowing down the side of a mountain. "Once the water begins to flow over the mountain, it will hit each rock and continue down. The water can never go in the opposite direction." (Rouse, 2007) This is displayed in the following chart: The waterfall method allows for departmentalization and easy managerial control. "A schedule can be set with deadlines for each stage of development and a product can proceed through the development process like a car in a carwash, and theoretically, be delivered on time". (Rouse, 2007) Development starts with the first step, usually known as analysis or system planning, and will continue through each step until the application is ready to deploy. If a change in a previous step is desired, the entire project would have to be started from scratch. This being said, the Waterfall method is best used if the project is fixed-scope...
Words: 1169 - Pages: 5
...referenced. Software is developed methodologically, meaning it requires certain steps and procedures before it is launched. A software development model is a representation of what processes will take effect in order to have the software developed from specifications to design and validation and any evolution of it if needed in the future. The most common models to present that I will describe in this paper are the waterfall model, the iteration model and the V-shaped model. The waterfall model is the most classic of all. It is one of the oldest and widely used by known organizations like government and major businesses. The focus of this model is planning, ensuring that all flaws are discovered before designing any aspects of the project. The waterfall model has serve as the standard to many other models. It establishes system and software requirements, architectural and detailed design, coding, testing and finally maintenance. None of the phases overlap and the developer can bounce back to an earlier phase if needed. The waterfall model is advantageous because it is easy to understand and implement and like mentioned before it is widely used. On the other hand it also has weaknesses especially if the developer idealizes a product that won’t match reality and if there’s no integration of risk management. Eventually the model can turn to have more disadvantages than expected if the...
Words: 734 - Pages: 3
...2012 Waterfall vs. Agile Methodology Mike McCormick MPCS, Inc. Revised Edition 8/9/2012 Waterfall vs. Agile Methodology Contents Waterfall vs. Agile Model Comparison .........................................................................................3 Conceptual Difference.................................................................................................................3 Efficiency ....................................................................................................................................4 Suitability ....................................................................................................................................4 Waterfall Model Diagram .............................................................................................................5 Explanation of the Waterfall Model ..............................................................................................5 Phase I: Requirements................................................................................................................6 Phase II: Analysis .......................................................................................................................6 Phase III: Design.........................................................................................................................6 Phase IV: Coding ....................................................................................................
Words: 3023 - Pages: 13
...used in the development of the Frequent Shopper Program by Smith Systems Consulting. Waterfall model Waterfall Model operates in a waterfall process tree. It has various phases such as requirement, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance that provide a successful execution to any system development. This model can be used in the development of frequent shopper program (Nicholls, 2005). The waterfall model's requirement phase will help Smith Systems Consulting to develop a program according to the need of Kudler Fine Foods. This model's other phases facilitate deep analysis of every aspect that provides appropriate development of the program. Each phase can be proceeded after the proper completion of the previous phase. This model facilitates Smith Systems Consultant’s advance knowledge about success or failure of the program, which helps to reduce failure risk. On the other hand, the waterfall model cannot facilitate the ability to update. In this model, information can be gathered after the process rather than during the process. This reduces flexibility to change pertaining to change in requirements. This aspect can make a faulty development as a result because it cannot be developed within the changing requirement of Kudler Fine Foods and relative environment. This may fail the whole program (Nicholls, 2005). Waterfall method testing Kudler Fine Foods would test the waterfall method regarding quality and functional aspects of the Frequent Shopper Program. First...
Words: 1558 - Pages: 7
...Waterfall vs. RAD: Comments 0 Facebook 2 Linkedin Twitter More The waterfall and rapid application development (RAD) processes are not the only two methodologies available, but they generally predominate among methods used to deliver projects. Each has its individual merits, but sometimes one method is more appropriate for a particular project than the other. In this column, I will look at when to select each of these approaches. As I mentioned in prior columns, I believe most, if not all projects, can be delivered with the waterfall methodology: plan, analyze, design, construct, and implement. In contrast, not all projects are candidates for RAD. Perhaps the best starting point is to take a look at some project characteristics that govern which method is best. Details on waterfall and RAD methodologies To find out more about the methodologies, read these articles: •"Examining the life cycle of a RAD project" •"How does the waterfall development methodology play in the enterprise?" How big is the project? One of the basic tenets of RAD is focusing on smaller projects that can be launched quickly and concluded with tangible deliveries. However, not all projects can be broken down into smaller pieces because they are too complex and interrelated to be split up effectively. There is no rule of thumb to determine how small a project needs to be before it is a candidate...
Words: 871 - Pages: 4
...Individual Assignment The two software development methodologies that I have selected for this assignment are the Waterfall Model (as chosen by you) and the Spiral model (chosen by me). These two methods often cause confusion amongst software developers as they are unable to decide which of the two is better for the software they are developing. The first software model to be used was the waterfall. The spiral, that came later, is one of the most popular models in the field of software development. I will go further into each of the above mentioned two models after I describe the four laws given in the prescribed text. I will start with the Glass Law (dubbed law 1). If I was to describe the Glass law, I would say in a nutshell, requirements are the foundation of any project, and incomplete or misinterpreted or misjudged requirements are the key to failure. What I mean by the above is that when the requirements are not clarified, incomplete, unstable or far too many to cope with, the project will face a high chance of failure. A real world example, which added approximately $560M USD to the cost of the airport and became a modern era example of Glass law, was originally planned to automate the handling of baggage through the entire airport, but due to underestimation of complexity, changes in requirements, underestimation of schedule and budget and other causes was a drastic failure. Moving to Boehm’s laws, the first and second law complement each...
Words: 1378 - Pages: 6
...Shop Inventory System Student No: 081835 : 082232 An Information Systems Project Proposal Submitted to the Faculty of Information Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Diploma in Business Information Technology Date of Submission: 10th February, 2015 Declaration We declare that this project has not been submitted to any other University for the award of a Diploma in Business Information Technology. Student Signature: Sign: ________________________ Date: ________________________ Sign: ________________________ Date: ________________________ Supervisor’s Signature: Sign: ________________________ Date: ________________________ Abstract In today’s growing market many businesses are turning towards automated systems to perform their everyday tasks. Automated systems have proved to outdate the cost and time wasting processes that are done and completed by manually while providing most businesses with more accurate and reliable data. The system will handle the processes in a well-manner running on a specific time, reducing the overwhelming power of doing them manually taking note of the products diversity. It will allow the business to input their inventory and track products that are delivered and sold on a daily basis. At the time of arrival of new ordered stock, the goods are registered into the database...
Words: 6438 - Pages: 26
...large, batch-oriented processing or embedded process control applications. ITERATIVE DEVELOPMENT The problems with the Waterfall Model created a demand for a new method of developing Systems which could provide faster results, require less up-front information, and offer greater flexibility. With Iterative Development, the project is divided into small parts. This allows the development team to demonstrate results earlier on in the process and obtain valuable feedback from system users. Often, each iteration actually a mini-Waterfall process with the feedback from one phase providing vital information for the design of the next phase. In a variation of this model, the software products which are produced at the end of each step (or series of steps) can go into production immediately as incremental releases. use of an existing system or system components to demonstrate some functions that will be included in the developed system. Prototyping is comprised of the following steps: Requirements Definition /Collection - Similar to the Conceptualization phase of the Waterfall Model, but not as comprehensive, the information collected is usually limited to a subset of the complete system requirements Design - Once the initial layer of requirements information is collected, or new information is gathered, it is rapidly integrated into a new or existing design so that it may be folded into the prototype. Prototype Creation / Modification -The information from the design...
Words: 391 - Pages: 2
...TrainAmerica Network Proposal NTC 362 December 2, 2103 TrainAmerica Network Proposal TrainAmerica is an organization with a mission "to provide the most sought after training expertise for Microsoft products within our training area and to continue to provide excellent instructors with the experience needed to exceed the students expectations and needs (Spencer, 2013) ." To accomplish this they need to be able to implement a flexible network that can grow in a uniform manner that is easy and affordable to implement and manage, as well as being state of the art in its ability to provide services to the customer. The Project objectives are as follows: 1. "We will install a state of the art network allowing access to the Internet from every workstation, as well as provide an infrastructure that can be used as an example for those learning how to develop superior network design. We will also be able to provide a faculty for video conferencing not only for internal use but also for our customers. 2. We will create an infrastructure so that we can provide cross site scheduling for our customers to assure classes are available when they need them. 3. We will create a sales force automation systems that will allow us to better serve our community and increase revenue at least 5%. And more efficiently service our current customers increasing customer service at least 10 %. (Spencer, 2013) " Network requirements: * All employees to share databases. ...
Words: 1077 - Pages: 5
...Introduction: There are many ways of developing software but of the most popular one that is being followed by a lot of companies is called waterfall model. This method is easy to flow and no matter how big the project is it can be useful. Most of the software developers use this method by capturing the requirements from the client, once the complete of set requirements are captured, the developer move on to design phase where the set of requirements have been completely designed. After designing the next step is start coding by using different programming languages. After the coding is completed, the programs must be tested. When the testing is completed, the software is delivered to the client. Once is delivered to the client there could be some issues at the customer place. If that happens then the software enters the...
Words: 932 - Pages: 4
