...Applying Watson’s Theory to Mind-Body-Spirit Dimensions Jean Watson’s theory of human caring is one that elevates nursing from being merely a clinical experience to becoming an intersection with the patient that affects the patient deeply in all three dimensions—the mind, body, and spirit. In order to achieve this three-pronged impact, the nurse must create caring-healing moments with the patient. As Watson (2006, p. 51) points out, “The whole caring-healing consciousness is contained within a single caring moment…Caring consciousness transcends time, space, and physicality—that is, caring goes beyond the given moment, and situation, and informs the future experiences of practitioner and patient.” Watson (2006, p. 51) contends that through these caring-healing moments, the patient’s human dignity is preserved, and the relationship between patient and nurse is marked by integrity. The application of Watson’s theory has resulted in remarkable successes in terms of healing patients, but it is problematic because of the difficulty in measuring intangible qualities such as mental and spiritual dimensions of healing. It is important for nurses to have access to assessment tools that can assist them in evaluating clients in various stages of health, illness, stress, and life so that Watson’s theory can be applied accordingly and its results can be aptly measured. Two such tools are the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale and the Hassles and Uplifts Scale. Each tool...
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...felt in educational research — behaviorism. This is a theory proposed by J. B. Watson and based on the works of Pavlov and Bekhterev, two Russian psychologists who developed an animal training model known as stimulus-response (Classical Conditioning). In the early twentieth century a new movement in the field of Psychology was being felt in educational research — behaviorism. This is a theory proposed by J. B. Watson and based on the works of Pavlov and Bekhterev, two Russian psychologists who developed an animal training model known as stimulus-response (Classical Conditioning). Watson set the stage for behaviorism, which soon rose to dominate psychology. While behaviorism began to lose its hold after 1950, many of the concepts and principles are still widely used today. Conditioning and behavior modification are still widely used in therapy and behavioral training to help clients change problematic behaviors and develop new skills. Watson set the stage for behaviorism, which soon rose to dominate psychology. While behaviorism began to lose its hold after 1950, many of the concepts and principles are still widely used today. Conditioning and behavior modification are still widely used in therapy and behavioral training to help clients change problematic behaviors and develop new skills. In his most famous and controversial experiment, known today as the "Little Albert" experiment, John Watson and a graduate assistant named Rosalie Rayner conditioned a small child to fear...
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...Introduction Emma Watson is a British actress and model who has inspired many young women to act and be themselves. She has won many awards and has starred in many major movies, including the ‘Harry Potter’ films, ‘The Bling Ring’, and ‘The Perks of Being a Wallflower.’ She also starred as Belle in the 2017 version of ‘Beauty and the Beast.’ She is a great woman with many interesting facts and awards that you’re about to learn. Early life Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson was born on April 15, 1990 in Paris, France. Her parents are Jacqueline Luesby and Chris Watson and are both lawyers. She has four siblings, Nina, Lucy, Alex, and Toby Watson. When Emma was just five years old, her parents divorced and she moved to Oxford with her mother, where...
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...James Watson is an American scientist. He is famous for many different discoveries and theories that are still in use today. He is a very intelligent person who along with his colleagues, worked hard to achieve his goals no matter what. Without him, there would be less advanced research in the world of science today. James Watson was born on April 6, 1928. This means he is currently eight-seven years old. He was born in Chicago, Illinois (whatisbiotechnology.org/ dnalc.org). James is the oldest child in his family. He is the son of James Watson and Jean Mitchell. His father was a businessman, while his mother was a tailor (nobelprize.org). James decided to pick a different career path in life. He has one sister, whom he is very close...
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...Dr. Watson–– The Time Epitome As the years progressed, more acclaimed plays and classic literatures have been reinterpreted and reproduced into films and network shows. The mix of visual impacts, powerful throwing, and cinematography makes an encounter that cannot be matched by other media; consequently, arousing a new round of explorations for twenty-one-century aesthetic needs and infusing vitality into these classics. The incredible Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle are not special cases joining the trend. A convention of the relationship between the detective and the sidekick has supported Doyle’s stories for over one century, in which Dr. Watson has been an iconic character complementary for the eccentric and intelligent Holmes. The brilliant creation of Dr. Watson, according to T.J. Binyon in “Murder Will Out,” provides readers with the authentic and plausible adventures by his narratives “through his prosaic, stolid personality”(10). Dr. Watson as the narrator not only helps Doyle develop the stories by hiding vital aspects of mysteries from readers but also represents the majority of Victorian middle-class men, as Panek supported in “Beginning” (80). “His very averageness makes him the representative of societal norm,” added by April Toadvine in “Watson Effect”(52). Hence, observing and analyzing the alterations of Dr. Watson within current Holmesian adaptations provide an insight into how modern-texts continue to use Watson to represent and cater to...
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...The Past: John B Watson was born to Emma and Pickens Watson in 1878, From Greenville South Carolina. As a child John’s parents were two very different people his mother being very religious and father believing in totally different things. Pickens has had multiple affairs on his wife Emma. After Johns parents divorced John turned to violence, John rebelled against anyone and everyone until one of his former teachers reached out to him. Gordon Moore (his former teacher) had helped him turn his life around and put his anger to something more serious, Like college John had then graduate from Furman University, Majoring in Psychology and minored in Philosophy and neurology at the University of Chicago (Find the Right Therapist). John was a very successful man and never gave up his dreams, accomplishing many things most people would have given up on....
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...In the novel, “The Watsons Go to Birmingham” by Christopher Paul Curtis, the protagonist Byron Watson changes from being a person who bullies other kids simply for fun, to someone who comforts his little brother, whom he used to bully, when the latter is having an emotional crisis. The theme of the novel is that no matter how much you think that you are different than someone else, you can still help them. This is supported by the quote from Maya Angelou which says, “I refuse to allow any man-made differences to separate me from any other human beings.” This shows how differences are manmade and can be overcome to create a better world for us all. Maya Angelou’s words mean to me that no matter how much you think that you have alienated...
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...In 1962 James Watson along with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins were awarded a Noble Prize for the paper that they published about the discovery of the double-helix model of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. The discovery of the helical structure of DNA is considered as one of the most important achievements in the field of the science history. However, James Watson does not deserve the recognition of discovering the helical model of DNA. Watson should lose his nobel prize, not only did he not give any credit to the person who was really the one responsible in discovering the helical shape of DNA he is also making rude and prejudiced opinions. Few people know Rosalind Franklin, a scientist who devoted herself in the scientific study of the structure...
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...Karam Kathawa Bio 1000 Cathy Kelly 03/28/2017 Bio. Bio James Dewey Watson is a biologist that was born on April 6 1928 in Chicago, Illinois. James Watson had a bad child hood, his father wasn’t a religious man he didn’t believe in God and so does James Watson and he consider himself lucky because of that. When James Watson was 15 he joined a radio show that challenges young people to answer a hard questions and he was good at it. James Watson went to the University of Chicago where they offered him a full scholar ship. James Watson read a book called “What Is Life” that book changed his way of thinking and his destination. In 1950 James Watson got his Ph. D. degree from Indiana University. James Watson met Francis crick whom become his best friend and...
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...Associationistic Theories of Watson and Skinner History credits John B. Watson as the founder of behaviorism. His disliking of the structuralism and functionalism approaches led Watson to consider psychology a science of behavior. Rather than focusing on methods like introspection, Watson strongly suggests that psychological research involve examinations of the measurable and observable behaviors. In his classic study of Little Albert, Watson demonstrates how learning of fear can occur through the principle of classical conditioning. Watson and other behaviorists like B.F. Skinner also emphasize that environmental factors affect and determine behavior. Skinner took the study of behaviorism to the next level by proposing concepts like mind, consciousness, and feelings were neither measureable or observable and were, therefore, not necessary in explaining behavior. Skinner claims that one can explain behavior by analyzing the conditions present before a behavior occurs and by analyzing the consequences that follow the behavior. The principles associated with Skinner’s operant conditioning suggest personality as a function of environmental influences rather than unconscious thoughts and feelings. However, this belief faces criticism for paying little attention to emotions and internal processes. By examining the theories of Watson and Skinner, one can better understand by classical and operant conditioning by explaining their major themes and evaluating their effectiveness...
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...JOHN B. WATSON (1878-1958) “Father of Behaviorism” Brenda Anyanwu Paul D. Camp Community College Mrs. Jean Farmer Psychology 201 Abstract Based on a quote from John B. Watson, “Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness. The behaviorist, in his efforts to get a unitary scheme of animal response, recognizes no dividing line between man and brute. The behavior of man, with all of its refinement and complexity, forms only a part of the behaviorist’s total scheme of investigation. (Classics in the History of Psychology) Although, I might not somewhat agree with his theory, Mr. Watson holds some truth about his view on his theory. What you are about to read is about his life and what lead him to his theory on behaviorism. Brenda Anyanwu Mrs. Jean Farmer Psychology 52A November 3, 2010 Project Assignment John Broadus Watson (1878-1958) “Father of Behaviorism” During the year of 1878, John B. Watson was born to parents Pickens and Emma Watson, he was their fourth child. Growing upon a farm in a small town of Travelers Rest, South Carolina the family was poor. Most of the family wealth had been too lost during the civil war. John’s parent...
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...In 1950, the curiosity, innovation, and persistence of James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin all together led to a detailed and completed understanding of the structure of Deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material found in all cells and is the stuff that genes are made out of. Their discoveries would come to answer one of the most impending questions in the science of life. How do living things pass on traits to their children? This is the question that sparked the want and need of exploration and discovery. James Watson and Francis Crick are the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953. Rosalind Franklin was collecting experimental data about DNA with Maurice Wilkins. Watson...
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...En el texto, Watson nos plantea la necesidad de que la psicología cambie su objeto de estudio, dejando de lado la observación y descripción de los estados mentales y procediendo al estudio de la conducta, plantea esta conducta no sabiendo reconocer la línea divisoria entre hombre y animal. El análisis de la conducta y las relaciones era el único método objetivo para conseguir la penetración en las acciones humanas y extrapolar el método propio de las Ciencias Naturales a la Psicología. Watson opinaba que los métodos de esta nueva psicología deberían ser de la psicología animal, la manipulación del entorno y la determinación de sus efectos sobre la conducta, sin hacer referencia a la conciencia. Desestima el concepto de conciencia por inútil e imperfecto; para él es una supersticiosa creencia medieval en el alma; lo considera como algo decididamente indigno de estudio científico. Su proposición es que la psicología debe romper con el pasado, abandonar definitivamente el concepto de conciencia, empezar de nuevo y construir una nueva ciencia. Nos plantea que la propuesta conductual de la psicología debe tomar como punto de partida el que los organismos se ajustan por sí mismo a su ambiente mediante la herencia y el hábito y, que ciertos estímulos llevan al organismo a realizar respuestas en tanto dada la respuesta podrán predecirse los estímulos y dados los estímulos podrá predecirse la respuesta. Pienso que el sostener que las conductas son causadas por un estímulo específico...
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...Watson's work is a middle-range theory that deals with the caring actions taken by nurses as they interact with others. VALUES AND ASSUMPTIONS The values and assumptions that form the basis for the theory of human caring reflect a metaphysical, phenomenological-existential, and spiritual orientation that draws upon Eastern philosophy. VALUES include: 1. deep respect for the wonder and mysteries of life and the power of humans to change 2. high regard and reverence for the spiritual-subjective center of the person with power to grow and change 3. a nonpaternalistic approach to helping a person gain more self-knowledge, self-control, and self-healing, regardless of the presenting health-illness condition. ASSUMPTIONS deal with human life, nursing science, and the process of nursing. Watson's conception of human life is tied to notions that one's soul possesses a body that is not confined by objective space and time. The lived world of the experiencing person is not distinguished by external and internal notions of time and space, but shapes its own time and space, which is unconstrained by linearity. Nursing is a human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic, and ethical human care transactions. The process of nursing is human care. THE THEORY OF HUMAN CARING The main concept of the theory is TRANSPERSONAL HUMAN CARING, which is best understood within the concepts of...
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..."Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" was an article published by Francis Crick and James D. Watson in the scientific journal Nature in its 171st volume on pages 737–738 . It was the first publication which described the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA. This article is often termed a "pearl" of science because it is brief and contains the answer to a fundamental mystery about living organisms. This mystery was the question of how it is possible that genetic instructions are held inside organisms and how they are passed from generation to generation. The article presents a simple and elegant solution, which surprised many biologists at the time who believed that DNA transmission was going to be more difficult to deduce and understand. The discovery had a major impact on biology, particularly in the field of genetics, enabling later researchers to understand the genetic code . Origins of molecular biology The application of physics and chemistry to biological problems led to the development of molecular biology. Molecular biology is particularly concerned with the flow and consequences of biological information at the level of genes and proteins. The discovery of the DNA double helix made clear that genes are functionally defined parts of DNA molecules and that there must be a way for cells to make use of their DNA genes in order to make proteins. Linus Pauling was a chemist who was very influential in developing...
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