...Ways of Knowing Nursing is a very rewording profession which can blossom when incorporated into practice of Carper’s fundamental patterns of thinking. After reading Cotton and Roden article (December 2006 – January 2007), I realized great importance of understanding and implementing four concepts of thinking into daily nursing practice. According to Carper (1978:21-22) empirics, aesthetics, personal and ethical way of knowing in nursing are ‘necessary for achieving mastery in the discipline’. I believe that implementing those four patterns of knowing into daily nursing care is vital in order to provide best quality care for each patient. Nursing care should be implemented in flexible, thoughtful manner and should be carefully executed in unique situation with unique patients. Empirical Way of Knowing Empirical way of thinking is defined in article as a ‘factual, descriptive…exemplary, discursively formulated and publically verifiable which is ultimately aimed at developing abstract and theoretical explanation’ (Carper: 15). This way of thinking is executed using Evidence Based Practice. I have been a nurse for the past 10 years and I believe that empirical way of knowing is most familiar to me. For example, my facility is using Congestive Heart Failure protocol (policy created by facility based on clinical practice guidelines CPG) for patients admitted to hospital with either new onset of CHF or exacerbation of the disease. Each patient with CHF has comprehensive assessments...
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...Ways of Knowing Carper’s Ways of Knowing consists of four different patterns. The ways of knowing patterns are empirical, personal, ethical, and aesthetic. This theory help bring all four ways of knowing into patient care and into the nursing process. Empirical knowing is the scientific knowledge or science of nursing. A 69 year old man under my care in the Emergency Room presented with palpitation with slight chest discomfort. After initiating standing orders for chest pain, labs, IV access, oxygen by nasal cannula, and EKG, his potassium level came back highly elevated. I notified the doctor right away since he had not yet seen the results of the blood work. The proper medications were ordered to lower the patient’s potassium level. Having the empirical knowledge of blood levels and knowing the symptoms of the patient allowed me to treat this patient correct away. The personal knowledge pattern of knowing in the nursing is ‘concerned with the knowing, encountering and actualising of the concrete, individual self…standing in relation to another human being as a person.’(Carper, 1978, p. 18) I have been on the same side as a patient. One common complaint that is seen in the emergency room are the dreaded kidney stones. The last two ER jobs I had, I was unable to pass a kidney stone while at work. The pain had become so intense I had to get registered myself and become the patient. I had to be admitted due to the size of the stone and for pain control. It was an overwhelming...
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...Applying Ways of Knowing to a Clinical CaseGermaine ShannonUniversity of Central FloridaI was called to the emergency room by one of the nurses working that night. A patient was being discharged home by the emergency room physician, and the patient’s family had requested to speak to the nursing supervisor. When I arrived to the emergency room, the nurse that was taking care of the patient approached me. She pulled me aside, and voiced her concerns. The patient in bed three was sick with a respiratory infection. He had been given intravenous antibiotic and was now being discharged with a prescription of oral medication. According to the nurse, the patient was weak. The patient’s family was upset because the patient had missed two days of dialysis and they wanted him transferred to a hospital in Miami so he could have his dialysis done and also continue to be treated for his respiratory infection.Before approaching the family, I decided to speak to the physician so I could understand this case better and try to solve the situation in the best way possible. This was the second night that this physician had been working in the emergency room, and my first time meeting her. I told the physician that the family of the patient in bed three had requested to speak to me. The physician review of the situation was as follows: The patient had been in the emergency room earlier in the week and he had been treated for an upper respiratory infection. On that first visit it was also noted that...
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...Michael Wyllys Ways of Knowing I firmly grasped my patient’s hand with my own, her breathing rattled through the oxygen mask with each labored gasp. The tourniquet tightly wrapped around her forearm, I ran the alcohol wipe over the precious vein that popped up on the top of her hand. Taking an artist’s grip of the IV catheter, I inserted the needle at a 45-degree angle into the vein. Once seeing the flash of blood in the catheter, the angle was lowered and the needle was advanced ever so slightly more to ensure the catheter had penetrated the lumen. I slipped the cannula off into the vein, pulled back the needle and disconnected. I calmly, but quickly, connected my primed line and opened up the valve, feeling that flood of excitement and relief as I watched the drops begin to fall in the drip chamber. I had just successfully inserted my first intravenous cannula, on the first try, on my own as a brand new nurse. This experience was an amazing feeling, and when reflecting back on it I can see why I was successful as I relied on the empirics of nursing. This was of knowing was impressed on me in nursing school and is what I believe to be the core of every brand new nurse. To put this way of knowing sin understandable terms, it is the factual descriptions, explanations, and predictions that make up empirical knowing (Pipe, Wellik, Buchda, Hansen, & Martyn, 2005). The proper techniques for inserting an IV cannula had been described and explained to me in the...
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...“Never ignore a gut feeling, but never believe that it’s enough” Robert Haller. This quotation suggests that an instinctive judgment is not enough to draw conclusions. Ways of knowing need to verify our gut feelings. Before we can actually jump to conclusions, we require ways which we can use to understand the world around us, these are ways of knowing. Sometimes we need to make sure that what our innate feelings tell us; is true. Therefore, we require something to justify and verify our feelings; that is why we examine these feelings or sentiments as to establish our own satisfaction. Instinctive judgments are natural and impulsive responses to current situations. Hence this title implies that ways of knowing seek to authenticate our instincts which come to pass without inference or reason. Instinctive judgments are not like reflex actions which occur without thought. They just occur so quickly that we are not subconsciously aware of the fact that ways of knowing are actually in place. Ways of knowing really are a check on our instinctive judgments because they help us make sound decisions even after an instinctive...
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...Science and project is “knowledge”. The basic definition of knowledge is “the fact or condition of knowing something with familiarity gained through experience or association”. The whole life of a person is based on the idea of learning and knowing everything which is around us. Nowadays people use different ways of knowing (WOK) in order to get a fully reliable information. ‘There are eight different ways of knowing. They are emotion, faith, imagination, intuition, language, memory, reason and sense perception.’ Each of them has its own purpose, value...
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...“There is no way of knowing what God is like” Christians use the idea of the Holy Trinity to help them to understand God. The Holy Trinity presents God in three ways- God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit. This helps because it hard to understand on God as having different personalities, I find it easier to understand God’s personality in those religions with more than one God as they all have specific roles and personalities. Some people might agree with this statement because God has never come and shown himself to everyone on Earth, or because there is no valid source saying so. They also may not believe in God, therefore there is no way of knowing what God is like as the there is no God to know about, some people say that there is no way of knowing what God is like because he is transcendent- this means that he is beyond earthly or worldly knowledge. This is one of the main arguments used to back this statement. Saying this, there are some people who may disagree. One reason is because of the bible- this tells us a lot about God. You can also find descriptions and information about God in hymns, however these are not as reliable as people with very strong one-sided beliefs write them. The bible is probably the biggest, most reliable proof of God. It contains stories of God communicating with humans, such as that of Saint Paul and Moses and the burning bush, where Moses has an encountering with a bush that appears to be on fire and talks to him whist...
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...“No Knowledge Can be Discussed in a Single Way of Knowing” Lily Jang Theory of Knowledge February7th Using one way of knowing is not enough to determine whether something is true or whether something is believed to be true. Knowledge can be acquired through eight ways of knowing: memory, perception, emotion, imagination, reason, language, intuition, and faith. Plato defined knowledge as the “justified true belief”, which shows that in order for us to obtain knowledge, we need to know certain thing as a fact, not a belief. Believing something to be true simply does not mean knowing something for certain; it only means that we have faith in the fact that it is true. To test if our beliefs are real and true and to obtain knowledge, we need to use the different ways of knowing to confirm or abolish our beliefs. Therefore, “no knowledge can be discussed in a single way of knowing”. Occasionally when people are trying to cover up a truth, in other words, to lie, we have the capability of detecting those lies by looking at their behaviors and facial expressions. I have always been pretty good at knowing whether someone is telling me the truth or not. This works the best for my brother, Ian—I can tell right away and know whether he is lying or not. So in what ways of knowing can the knowledge that ‘Ian is lying’ be drawn upon? The most obvious one I use would be sensual perception, when my senses catch upon the twitching of his lips when he lies and the shaking of his...
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...IN GAINING KNOWLEDGE, EACH AREA OF KNOWLEDGE USES A NETWORK OF WAYS OF KNOWING KQ What does it mean to know? THESIS The two areas of knowledge are history and art and the ways that will be connected to them are memory, emotion, reason, imagination and faith. ROAD MAP I’ll approach my topic with connecting reality to ways of knowing and areas of knowledge using real life situations. CLAIM The only two ways in which humankind can produce knowledge is through passive observation or active experiment. Active learning is where the learner queries the world in the search of knowledge. Passive learning is where the learner has no control over the knowledge that presents itself. EXPLANATION Taking other knowledge is as data, by logical operation knowledge can be inferred for example. Testimony which is knowledge based on the acceptance of testimony involves accepting what others say . “There are only two ways in which humankind can produce knowledge: through passive observation or through active experiment." I agree with this quote because gaining knowledge from others and learning from them is passive observation while active experiment is actually experiencing something in order to gain knowledge in the situation. COUNTERCLAIM We don’t just produce knowledge we also discover it, like dinosaurs we didn’t produce them we discovered them. EXPLAINATION Creation is more discovery or giving meaning at least with respect to knowledge. It not like we produced knowledge...
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..."Knowing who we are, and finding a way to tell ourselves”: Carol Ann Duffy's Revision of Masculinist Representations of Female Identity. By Claire McEwen ‘Carol Ann Duffy is one of the freshest and bravest talents to emerge in British poetry — any poetry — for years', writes Eavan Boland (Duffy, 1994, cover). This courage is manifest in Duffy’s ability and desire to revise masculinist representations of female identity and her engagement with feminine discourse, a concept which, as Sara Mills points out: has moved away from viewing women as simply an oppressed group, as victims of male domination, and has tried to formulate ways of analysing power as it manifests itself and as it is resisted in the relations of everyday life. (p.78) It is these aspects of Duffy's work that I wish to address here by examining the ways in which she subverts masculinist assumptions and discourses in the following ways: by giving voice to previously marginalised or silenced figures, by re-presenting stereotypes and power relations, through comic reappropriation of myth and by re-writing the canonical love poem. The problematic nature of representation itself, its subjectivity and unreliability, is a central concern of Duffy's poetry. Much of her work is written in the form of dramatic monologue which serves to demonstrate the fundamental inadequacy of language to re-present by undermining the readers' expectations of traditional discourses. By using characters' voices rather than her own...
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...TOK Essay "When the only tool you have is a hammer, all problems begin to resemble nails.” (Abraham Maslow) How might this apply to ways of knowing, as tools, in the pursuit of knowledge? Have you ever wondered why and how your logic becomes restricted once confronting a problem? Abraham Maslow once stated “I suppose it is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail”, which I believe could be understood as a statement questioning the method diverse human beings follow to execute any of their tasks. In this essay, integrating the functions of human intuition, language vs. sense perception and reasoning in contrast with mathematics, ethics and emotions, will help providing an answer for “To what extent should we trust our fundamental skills into resolving all types of complications”. Further more, by staying in correlation with Maslow’s statement, we should come to conclusion that a human being isn’t always conscious of his actions and that it takes high self-control and creativity when in need of solving a problem. As far as I can see, encountering a problem that necessitates an approval and a final decision to be made usually requires the usage of intuition. In other words, the process in the making of a decision cannot start before a problem has actually been set. The type of problem worth being investigated, must have first been lead by an intuition, which subsequently triggers the last decision;...
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...fundamental differences between Western philosophies and Eastern ways of knowing? (Generally, how does each culture view the world and education?) How can you incorporate seemingly different ways of knowing in your curriculum? When responding to your classmates’ posts, take the role of a student of an Eastern culture and ask a ‘what if’ question. 3. Discussion Question 2 Post your response to the following: What are the fundamental differences between Western philosophies and Native North American ways of knowing? (Generally, how does each culture view the world and education?) How can you incorporate seemingly different ways of knowing in your curriculum? When responding to your classmates’ posts, take the role of a student of a Native North American culture and ask a ‘what if’ question. AED 200 Week 5 DQ 1 and DQ 2 Get Tutorial by Clicking on the link below or Copy Paste Link in Your Browser https://hwguiders.com/downloads/aed-200-week-5-dq-1-dq-2/ For More Courses and Exams use this form ( http://hwguiders.com/contact-us/ ) Feel Free to Search your Class through Our Product Categories or From Our Search Bar (http://hwguiders.com/ ) Discussion Question 1 Post your response to the following: What are the fundamental differences between Western philosophies and Eastern ways of knowing? (Generally, how does each culture view the world and education?) How can you incorporate seemingly different ways of...
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...2/11/2016 School name: Seedling IB World SchoolSession: 2015-16 | Piyush Tejwani | TOK Essay | “In gaining knowledge, each area of knowledge uses a network of ways of knowing.” Discuss this statement with reference to two areas of knowledge. | 11 FEB, 2016 IB Theory of Knowledge “In gaining knowledge, each area of knowledge uses a network of ways of knowing.” Discuss this statement with reference to two areas of knowledge. Knowledge is the basis of living in our generation, knowledge can be anything like if we know what type of combination in clothes we should wear, or what type of food we should eat and even if you know how to propose a girl or a boy then that can be known as knowledge too. But where the focus goes on is the place where the knowledge comes from, it can be taken as an important question while pointing at the ways of knowing. Ways of knowing are the origins from which we gain knowledge such as TV, newspaper, radio, books, internet, family, etc. These were some examples of ways of knowing with which we can relate our daily life. But as far as I studied the main points for ways of knowing are: * Emotion * Faith * Imagination * Intuition * Language * Memory * Reason * Sense perception Now we must know what the areas of knowledge in Theory of knowledge are. Actually it is the division of knowledge into different areas: ...
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...Each area of knowledge uses a complex network of ways of knowing. A strong network of the ways of knowing is crucial for a knower to fully understand knowledge, because each way of knowing have significant weaknesses to them. However, if the ways of knowing are working with one another in a network, the weaknesses of one way of knowing can be supported by the strengths of others. This strong network of the ways of knowing allows the knower to obtain a strong understanding of a particular area of knowledge, depending on the ways of knowing that are being connected in this network. By using multiple ways of knowing in the network, the knower is able to develop multiple perspectives about the knowledge, creating more complete and comprehensible knowledge for the knower. Mathematics and religion are two areas of knowledge that are observable nearly every day in our lives and society. Ways of knowing enable the an individual to receive and retain knowledge. However, in order to fully understand this knowledge, a strong network of the ways of knowing are crucial for the knower. In mathematics, a equation or answer can be compromised with the smallest mistake in the mathematical process. This requires the knower to have a complete understanding of the process and concept they are being presented with. A strong network of ways of knowing is imperative for a knower to fully understand a question they are presented with, and ultimately come away with the correct answer. In order for...
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...diagram indicates four ways of knowing. Propose the inclusion of a fifth way of knowing selected from intuition, memory or imagination, and explore the knowledge issue it may raise in two areas of knowledge. The traditional four ways of knowing are sense perception, language, reason and emotions. Imagination is a subset of the four ways of knowing. My imagination can help guide my emotions. For example, if I were to imagine what I was going to have for dinner I would feel both excited and hungry. As for sense perception, it can also be affected by imagination. If I came home with the smell of something delicious, I would imagine that it would be a food I like, however it may completely be different. The smell of the food could also be something of which I do not enjoy eating. Reason is also affected by imagination, we often imagine what the consequences of our decisions are. The reason behind the decision made is the result of the imagined consequences. The knowledge issue of this topic is how dependable is imagination as a way of knowing, and to what extent does imagination guide us on our pursuit for knowledge. Imagination is the innate ability to combine more than one memory in order to create a subjectively unprecedented visualized experience not necessarily limited by the physical laws of reality. Memory is an experience from which perceptions and emotions are retained. The four ways of knowing accurately describe all...
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