...12.4-12.8, 13.6-13.8 • Scientific Non-programmable Calculator • Safety Goggles for Lab • Lab Coat/Apron (Optional) Introductory Chemistry 3 Evaluation and Grade • Tests: 45%; 4 tests, best of 3, no make-up unless good excuses (documented, in advance notice) • Open-book Quizzes: 10%; best n-2, no make-up • Laboratory: 25% • Final Exam: 20% • Homework: Encouraged but not mandatory • Problem Set: Provides but not mandatory • Final withdrawal day: Nov. 10th, 2014 Introductory Chemistry 4 Lab Report/Grade Guideline • Pre-lab write-up (30%): Complete before lab starts, will be checked and signed for completeness – – – – Title/Date Aim/Purpose Introduction Procedures • Lab Performance and Quality of data (25%): will be checked and signed when leaving lab – Observations – Collect and record data • Post-lab (40%) – Result (Calculations, Graphs, Interpretations etc), – Discussions/Conclusions – Post-lab questions if any • Overall Report Neatness (5%) • Report due one week after the completion of experiment for full credit; after two weeks, no report will be accepted, and no credit will be given; between one week and two weeks, there will be 20% penalty. Introductory Chemistry 5 Lab Report Format 1. Title 2. Date 3. Aim/Purpose 4. Introduction 5. Step-by-step Procedures 6. Observations 7. Collected and recorded data 8. Result (Calculations, Graphs, Interpretations etc), 9. Discussions 10. Conclusions 11. Post-lab questions if any Introductory Chemistry 6...
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...solution, which surprised many biologists at the time who believed that DNA transmission was going to be more difficult to deduce and understand. The discovery had a major impact on biology, particularly in the field of genetics, enabling later researchers to understand the genetic code . Origins of molecular biology The application of physics and chemistry to biological problems led to the development of molecular biology. Molecular biology is particularly concerned with the flow and consequences of biological information at the level of genes and proteins. The discovery of the DNA double helix made clear that genes are functionally defined parts of DNA molecules and that there must be a way for cells to make use of their DNA genes in order to make proteins. Linus Pauling was a chemist who was very influential in developing an understanding of the structure of biological molecules. In 1951, Pauling published the structure of the alpha helix, a fundamentally important structural component of proteins. In early 1953, Pauling published an incorrect triple helix model of DNA. Both Crick, and particularly Watson, thought that they were racing against Pauling to discover the structure of DNA. Max Delbrück was a...
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...Leo Ramirez March 10, 2013 Chemistry 105 DDT Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) is a man-made molecule, synthetized in 1874 but its properties were not discovered until 1939. Its properties were discovered just in time to be used in the second half of World War II. Paul Hermann Müller was awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for this discover. After World War II, it was used as an insecticide. DDT is a mixture of related compounds and the major compound is p, p’isomer. Dichlorodiphenyldichoroethylene (DDE) and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) make up the balance and they are also the major metabolites and breakdown products in the environment. In 1962, an American biologist, Rachel Carson, wrote a book that talked about the environmental impacts of DDT for its indiscriminate use in the USA. This led to DDT being banned in the USA in 1972. After being banned in the USA, it was also banned worldwide for agricultural use. The impact was not only to the environment but to humans also. Although there are not many arguments or studies of the impacts on humans, some of the existing studies have found some diseases including reduced fertility, genital birth defects, breast cancer, diabetes, damage to developing brains, chronic liver damage, chronic hepatitis, immune suppression, and cytogenic effects. DDE can block male hormones. In South Africa, it has been used for about 60 years and is still being used to control malaria and it has caused damage in babies...
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...discoveries are the cure for syphilis in 1909, the discovery of insulin in 1922. In 1922 penicillin was discovered, the nucleus of an atom was found to be made of protons and neutrons in 1932. Chemotherapy for the treatment of leukemia was developed in 1950. The building block of life, DNA, was discovered in 1953 and then one year later the first kidney transplant that was successful is noted. And most notable in 1997 scientist were successfully able to clone “dolly” the sheep. From the years of 1960 to 1994 the life expectancy increased from forty years to an astounding fifty years. During the same time period the infant mortality rate dropped by forty percent. Also during this time period the percent of population with safe drinking water went from twenty-four percent to forty-two percent. Throughout our time during this Biology class the most interesting topic that was covered was evolution, in my opinion. I was one of those people that was very closed minded about the theory of evolution. I am not a religious person, so I did not have the thought of some higher power creating all organisms, I just did not know what I thought, to be honest. Now that I was able to do research on my own, I do believe that evolution is how organisms came about. It is and will always be a very controversial topic, but if we would all look at facts we can agree that some parts of evolution are true. The same for me I am not religious, but I don’t doubt that a man named Jesus walked around on earth...
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...mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc © 2009 Supercharged Science By Aurora Lipper © 2009 Supercharged Science www.AwesomeScienceProjects.com Page 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................2 How to Use This Book: ................................................................................................................3 Materials List...............................................................................................................................5 Create a Science Fair Project with Fruit & Veggies .......................................................................6 Sample Data Sheet ....................................................................................................................10 Sample Report ..........................................................................................................................11 Exhibit Display Board.................................................................................................................25 Oral Presentation ......................................................................................................................28 © 2009 Supercharged Science...
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...FOR LOVE OF DIAMONDS These brilliant gems are not only for fashion but find many uses in other industries as well. CHEMISTRY: BUILDING BLOCKS OF MODERN CIVILIZATION Understand the significance of chemistry throughout man’s history. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY: TOWARDS A SAFE ENERGY SOURCE Is nuclear technology a boon or bane of science? Read on. T S ib er s, De ar BB su bs cr ng ga zin e is ma ki Ba to Ba la ni ma e ma ga zin e. to yo ur fa vo rit lled so me ch an ge s a new section ca c g the changes is Amon s wi th sc ie nt ifi .” It de al “P se ud os ci en ce pt io ns th at an d mi sc on ce ve no tio ns , my th s, e. Al so , we ha pu la r at on e tim we re po ” se ct io n to “C yb er wo rld ex pa nd ed ou r ac tiv ity se ct io n. e a we b- lin ke d in cl ud wi ll th es e ch an ge s We ho pe th at re nc e stu di es mo ur sc ie he lp ma ke yo jo y! re fu n! En re le va nt an d mo Th e Ed ito r MEDICINE’S POTENT MIXTURES AND SOLUTIONS Chemistry plays a major role in our existence through important medical applications. R E G U L A R F E AT U R E S 3 Science & Technology News 5 Filipino Scientists and Inventors BOARD OF ADVISERS Violeta Arciaga, Jaime F. Bucoy Jose C. Calderon, Victoria V. Cervantes, Juanita M. Cruz, Belen P. Dayauon Medical Facts and Fallacies 9 Livelihood Technology / I’d Like to Know 10 Cyber World CONSULTANT Merle C. Tan, Ph.D. DIWA OFFICERS EDITORIAL BOARD Saturnino G. Belen Jr....
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...Carrier Proteins and Active Membrane Transport The process by which a carrier protein transfers a solute molecule across the lipid bilayer resembles anenzyme-substrate reaction, and in many ways carriers behave like enzymes. In contrast to ordinary enzyme-substrate reactions, however, the transported solute is not covalently modified by the carrier protein, but instead is delivered unchanged to the other side of the membrane. Each type of carrier protein has one or more specific binding sites for its solute (substrate). It transfers the solute across the lipid bilayer by undergoing reversible conformational changes that alternately expose the solute-binding site first on one side of the membrane and then on the other. A schematic model of how such a carrier protein is thought to operate is shown in Figure 11-6. When the carrier is saturated (that is, when all solute-binding sites are occupied), the rate of transport is maximal. This rate, referred to as Vmax, is characteristic of the specific carrier and reflects the rate with which the carrier can flip between its two conformational states. In addition, each transporter protein has a characteristic binding constant for its solute,Km, equal to the concentration of solute when the transport rate is half its maximum value (Figure 11-7). As with enzymes, the binding of solute can be blocked specifically by either competitive inhibitors (which compete for the same binding site and may or may not be transported by the carrier) or noncompetitive...
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...evolution”. Today I am here to defend my Christian position on the creation of life in opposition to evolutionary scientific theory. I will like to begin by explaining that As a Christian we are compelled by faith by the exterior force that created life. We refer to this force as God and his son Jesus Christ who is our Lord and Savior. We rebuke scientific evolutionary theory fabricated by man. For us Christians we seek for the truth in the word of God, which is the Bible, and the ultimate source of truth and knowledge. The opening statement of the book of Genesis 1:1 reads as follow ” In the Beginning God created the heaven and Earth” (King). Here is evidence that prove that the Supreme Being, which is God, is the only and unique basis of the creation of universe. It does not emphasize on the beginning of God, as there is not beginning or end to the existence of God. But, rather it tells us about the beginning of time and the creation of earth, as well as the environment in which we live. The book of Genesis explains in specific details how the sequence of events developed. The word of God is not a fictional source of entertainment like Charles Darwin’s book “ On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”. Although evolutionary theory is an opposition of the biblical account of creation we believe the Bible provides an accurate account that explains the creation of the earth and life not only because is the word of God but also because there is not any scientific evidence...
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...the co-discoverer of the DNA molecule, bolted into the Eagle Pub in Cambridge, England, and proclaimed that he and his colleague, James Watson, had solved one of the greatest mysteries of human existence. “We have found the secret of life!” those in the pub remember him saying. And with that proclamation, the human species began a new era in understanding ourselves and our relationship to our world. The rest, as they say aloud, is history. And while the discovery of the DNA molecule itself is, without a doubt, a pivotal event in the quest to know ourselves, it also opened the door to an even greater possibility with even greater implications—the possibility of an intelligent design that forms the core of our existence. When Watson, Crick, and others in the scientific community first recognized the pattern of the DNA molecule, they were immediately struck by its beauty, its elegance, and its simplicity. And as scientists they could not deny its unmistakable order. For such a molecule to exist, sustain itself, correct/heal the errors that it finds within itself, and perpetuate itself for millions of years, suggests that some kind of cosmic blueprint is involved. And for some people, these undeniable facts imply that DNA is intentional— that something, or someone, created the code of life. While there are many theories and much speculation, the fact is that we simply don’t know for certain how DNA originated, or why it showed up on Earth. And although we could search for another 100...
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...function. Many of the students who use this book are preparing for careers in health-related fields—but regardless of your career choice, you will find the information within these pages relevant to your future. You do, after all, live in a human body! Being human, you most likely have a seemingly insatiable curiosity—and few subjects arouse so much curiosity as our own bodies. The study of anatomy and physiology will provide answers to many questions regarding the functioning of your body in both health and disease. Although we will be focusing on the human body, the principles we will learn apply to other living things as well. Our world contains an enormous diversity of living organisms that vary widely in appearance and lifestyle. One aim of biology—the science of life—is to discover the unity and the patterns that underlie this diversity, and thereby shed light on what we have in common with other living things. Animals can be classified according to their shared characteristics, and birds, fish, and humans are members of a group called the vertebrates, characterized by a segmented vertebral column. The shared characteristics and organizational patterns provide useful clues about how these animals have evolved over time. Many of the complex structures and functions of the human body discussed in this text have distant evolutionary origins. When we compare the particular adaptations of human beings with those of other creatures, we find two important principles: there are obvious...
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...Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Paul Monk Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley...
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...Plate Tectonics Theory Gaining Credence The theory of Plate Tectonics is a surprisingly recent discovery. The first driving force was in 1915 when Alfred Wegener published his book The Origin of Continents and Oceans. Wegener proposed the idea that the earth’s continent had once been a single super-continent, which he named Pangaea. Wegener explained how many things on earth were interconnected and Pangaea could be the solution for many scientific queries at the time. Many colleagues in the geologic field were skeptical of Wegener’s proposal because he couldn’t explain why the plates moved. It wasn’t until the 1960’s when enough data was collected on projects such as Bathymetry and the Phenomenon of Polar Wander, that a majority of scientists accepted Plate Tectonics. The theory of Plate Tectonics is best described in layers. On top we have the least dense particles such as nitrogen and oxygen gas that make up our atmosphere. As we look deeper into the earth, data shows that denser elements and molecules are pulled into the center and less dense objects ejected due to mass. The core of our earth is made mostly of nickel and iron. The plates that move on the earth’s surface are dominantly solid objects that consist of our earth’s crust and the upper mantle. This is called the lithosphere. The upper part of the lithosphere, the crust, can be separated into two types, continental and oceanic. Continental crust is much thicker than the oceanic crust. This means the lithosphere...
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...Colony Collapse Disorder by Jeffri C. Bohlscheid, School of Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID Frank J. Dinan, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Canisius College, Buffalo, NY Part I – Changes in the Lives of Bees Almond butter is a delicious, upscale alternative to peanut butter and we love it. But its price has increased nearly three-fold over the last two years while that of peanut butter has changed very little. The reason for this is surprising: almonds are much more dependent on honeybees for pollination than are peanuts. The California almond crop, by far the world’s largest, used an unbelievable 40 billion honeybees to pollinate it in 2005 and about a third of that number of bees is no longer available (Benjamin and McCallum, 2009). Since 2007, nearly a third of the honeybees in North America, Europe, and South America have died for unknown reasons. How important is this to our lives? A U.S. Department of Agriculture/Cornell University study estimates that honeybees pollinate nearly a third of everything that we eat (beeculture.com, 2000). If these bees disappear, fruits, vegetables, and nuts will go with them, meat production will severely decline, and we will be in very bad shape, indeed. Two significant changes have occurred in the world of honeybees in the United States since the mid1970s: (1) there has been a steady increase in the amount of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) consumed by honeybees, and (2) about one third of the honeybee colonies in the...
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...1. Communication technologies are far from equivalent. A recent study comparing honesty across a range of different media revealed that people were twice likely to tell lies when using the phone than when communicating via e-mail. It had previously been assumed that people would be more inclined to fabricate the truth when using e-mail, due to the remoteness of the interaction making people more comfortable about deceiving others. On the contrary, it seems that anxiety over the accountability afforded by the recording of e-mail exchanges induces greater truthfulness. However, the research also noted that people are much more likely to be rude or insulting over e-mail, outweighing any benefits of increased honesty! An implication of the study is that if telephone conversations are recorded and people are aware of this fact, they are likely to be more truthful over the phone. T People are unconcerned about the repercussion of e-mail untruths. F It had been assumed that people would communicate more honestly when using e-mail than when using the telephone. F 2. There is often considerable scientific disagreement both about available reserves of natural resources and about the extent of environmental damage caused by particular pollutants. Even where the scientific evidence is incontrovertible. There may be political conflict, based on different vested interests, over the degree to which particular environmental controls should be accepted. Governments may, for example...
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...NANOTECHNOLOGY Contents: • Aim • Introduction • Nanotechnology is a set of enabling technology • Interest in Nanotechnology • Development in last 10 years • Brief History • Diversity • Implications of Nanotechnology • Unifying themes • Examples • Molecular electronics • New technologies for clean and efficient energy generation • Nanoassembled products • Growth in world investment in nanotechnology • Social, ethical and safety concerns. • Health and environmental impacts • Social and ethical issues arising from Nanotechnology-based products. • Conclusions on the global nanotechnology scene. • Issues and challenges for the research sector • Future Scope Aims of Term Paper are to:- ✓ Define and explain Nanotechnology. ✓ Elaborate the various terms related to it. ✓ Describe various examples of Nanotechnology. ✓ Outline the Future scope of Nanotechnology. ✓ Explain the various applications of Nanotechnology in different fields. What is nanotechnology? Nanotechnology is engineering at the molecular (groups of atoms) level. It is the collective term for a range of technologies, techniques and processes that involve the manipulation of matter at the smallest scale (from 1 to 100 nm). The classical laws of physics and chemistry do not readily apply at this very small scale for two reasons. Firstly, the electronic properties of very small particles...
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