1) Describe a local land line phone system based on the following Landline Telephone Components: a. Local Loop - is the physical link or circuit that connects from the demarcation point of the customer premises to the edge of the common carrier or telecommunications service provider's network. b. Central Office - is an office in a locality to which subscriber home and business lines are connected on what is called a local loop. The central office has switching equipment that can switch calls locally or to long-distance carrier phone offices. c. Local Exchanges - is a regulatory term in telecommunications for the local telephone company. In the United States, wireline telephone companies are divided into two large categories: long distance (interexchange carrier, or IXCs) and local (local exchange carrier, or LECs). d. POP - is an artificial demarcation point or interface point between communicating entities. It may include a meet-me-room e. Long Distance System - a network of terminals and servers over a long distance, for example if your company has two different offices on the other side of the country, then you would have a long distance system. f. Fixed Line - denoting or relating to telecommunications systems using cables laid across land, as opposed to cellular radio systems.

2) Define and describe the following Telecommunications Network Components: a. Cellular Telephones: i. Voice - a telecommunication device that uses radio waves over a networked area (cells) and is served through a cell site or base station at a fixed location, enabling calls to transmit wirelessly over a wide range, to a fixed landline or via the Internet. ii. Data – Same thing as data but it does not transmit voice, it sends data b. Telephone Network Topology: i. Demarcation Point - is the point at which the public switched telephone network ends and connects with the customer's on-premises wiring. It is the dividing line which determines who is responsible for installation and maintenance of wiring and equipment—customer/subscriber, or telephone company/provider. ii. Equipment - consists of telephone lines, fiber optic cables, microwave transmission links, cellular networks, communications satellites, and undersea telephone cables, all interconnected by switching centers, thus allowing most telephones to communicate with each other iii. Access Networks - is the part of a telecommunications network which connects subscribers to their immediate service provider. It is contrasted with the core network, (for example the Network Switching Subsystem in GSM) which connects local providers to each other. The access network may be further divided between feeder plant or distribution network, and drop plant or edge network. i v. Regional/Metro Networks - is a network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN). c. Cable TV i. Broadcast TV - are encoding or formatting standards for the transmission and reception of terrestrial television signals. There were three main analog television systems in use around the world until late 2010s (expected): NTSC, PAL, and SECAM. ii. Community Antenna - increasingly known as cable TV, originally set up in areas of poor reception or where the choice of television services was poor and cable television could offer additional choices. iii. Network Access Point - was a public network exchange facility where Internet service providers (ISPs) connected with one another in peering arrangements. i v. Interface Device - is a hardware component or system of components that allows a human being to interact with a computer, a telephone system, or other electronic information system. d. Telecommunication Services: i. RBOCs - is a term describing one of the U.S. regional telephone companies (or their successors) that were created as a result of the breakup of American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T, known also as the Bell System or "Ma Bell") by a U.S. Federal Court consent decree on December 31, 1983. ii. Unbundling - split (a company or conglomerate) into its constituent businesses, especially before selling them off. iii. MSOs - is an operator of multiple cable or direct-broadcast satellite television systems. i v. ISPs - is a company that provides individuals and other companies access to the Internet and other related services such as Web site building and virtual hosting. v. Triple Play - is one in which voice, video and data are all provided in a single access subscription vi. Cloud Computing - the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.