...Long essay How Christianity affected the empire * Think in term of centuries * Constantine Germans, army, borders * German influence lead to the end of the empire * Battle of Adrianople Germans beat romans * Start taking parts of Rome * Bad emperors in west * Bad economy lets Germans in Short essay The splitting of the empire * Why do they split * Why does the west fall * How are they different in culture, language * West has bad emperors * East pays people no to invade Emergence of absolute autocracy * Augustus * Power of the emperor Who is the most important person in second triumvirate * Augustus * Sets of empire * What world did he create with reforms * Makes it seem like he is going back to old time values Dates Edict of toleration 313 AD Founding of Constantinople 330 AD Fall of western Rome (fall of the roman empire) 476 AD Start of the empire 27 BCE When Germans sacked Rome 410 CE?? Study 11-5 to present Christianity Chronology 64 First persecution of Christians under Emperor Nero 274 Birthdat of Constantine 303 Great Persecution begins and Diocletion issues edict that bans the practice of christianity 312 Constantine embraces christianity after vision 313 Edict of Milan tolerates christians 324 Constantine is sole emperor of Rome 326 Edicts of Constantine against Christian heretics 330 Constantinople "New Rome" 341 Imperial...
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...Christians in the Eastern region such as Eastern Orthodoxy. Over the years, Christianity gained fame in Roman Empire after the introduction of Christian Roman emperors such as Constantine. The aim of this essay is to provide a description of the rise of Christianity during the Roman Empire. In the early centuries, the followers of Jesus spread Christianity throughout the Roman Empire. It is believed that Paul constructed a church in Rome. The majority of the first Christian groups were from the east, in Egypt, there was Alexandria as well as Jerusalem and Antioch. Due to Christianity teachings of the theology of love, caring for the orphans, widows, and sick, and stance against infanticide, abortion, and adultery it gained believers among...
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...Primary Reasons for the Fall of Rome? Rome was probably one of the greatest empires of the western world. They were technilogically advanced, conquered many lands, and overtime created an amazing empire. Rome began in around 750 BCE as a tiny settlement. During the beginning years of Rome being founded the Greeks were the leaders of the Mediterranean. The Greek empire later ended and Rome became a powerhouse. As Rome began ruling the Mediterranean and reached all of their goals, they became lazy and developed what you could call a “ soft belly”. As a result of this sudden laziness, Rome became sacked by invadors and began taking money from the treasury and spending the money on unnecessary luxuries. Their empire slowly ended and this started the decline of the Roman empire. In this essay I will be stating some key reasons on why I think the Roman empire ended. Political corruption had a major impact on why the Roman Empire ended. Rome had many problems when it came to choosing a new emperor and never had the chance to create an organized system to pick these leaders. The choice of a...
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...Laura Allen Brownworth, Lars. Lost to the West The Forgotten Byzantine Empire That Rescued Western Civilization. New York: Crown, 2009. Print. Lars Brownworth wrote Lost to the West The Forgotten Byzantine Empire That Rescued Western Civilization because he believed that many heroic Romans were not credited for their work throughout many historical books. Brownworth thinks that the people of the past should have writing about their accomplishments towards the Roman empire. Brownsworth also believes that no other history book has credited many historical figures up to this point. Lars Brownworth not only wrote the book Lost to the West The Forgotten Byzantine Empire That Rescued Western Civilization , but he also has several other accomplishments....
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...this endured up until the 9th century. While there were both positive and negative ramifications of this reality, the biggest is the influence of papal authority and the effect that it had over Christianity. The collapse of the Roman Empire brought order to not only orthodoxy, but also the government. Throughout this essay, it is my desire to touch on these areas. In addition, I will also discuss some of the contributing factors to the dominion of Western Europe and what happened up until the Reformation. The effect of the barbarian invasion and the continuation of Western Civilization during the Middle Ages, is truly a time within history that impacts the church and its association with supremacy. The How And Why Of The Papacy And The Power It Had In understanding the significance of the papacy and the power it had, it only makes sense to begin with a good solid definition of it. “The term pappa, from which the word “pope” is derived, originated in ancient colloquial Greek as an endearing term for “father,’ and was then applied, beginning in the third century, to Eastern patriarchs, bishops, abbots, and eventually parish priests.” [1]. Throughout Rome and the Western part of the Empire, this term “became reserved for the bishop of Rome,” and later became “official in the eleventh century with the reign of Pope Gregory VII.” [2]. Walter Elwell, goes on to explain that the papacy was indeed a succession of the government and the Roman Catholic Church. While some argue...
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...Aleksander Kycyku History 101 Exam 1 Essay 2 Tu-Th 10:00 am How was the Eastern Roman Empire able to outlast the Western Roman Empire, which collapsed in 476 CE? There are numerous reason that explain the survival of the Eastern Roman Empire. Firstly, Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Empire, was located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. This meant that trade going in both directions passed through the city, so the Eastern Empire always had plenty of money. Secondly, founded by Constantine, the city was intended to be Christian from the start and throughout most of its history it was ruled and populated by dedicated Christians who acted in a relatively directed and coordinated way. Not only the city of Constantinople, but he whole Empire of the east had a number of large and wealthy cities around it. It was not as widespread as the Western Empire which making the defense of its borders easier. Rome, on the other hand, was a fractured society and unstable society. There were plebs, patricians, federates , slaves, refugees, Christians, pagans and all kinds of other factions constantly quarreling and fighting without leadership or consensus. At some point, they even ended up making Ravenna, a small fortress, its capital. That signalizes the fall of Rome. Finally, the Eastern empire maintained a powerful war fleet, as an outcome of the military reforms that were carried out in the early 5th century which made it...
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...Ancient Art History Essay Ancient Greece, Rome, Etruscan Art 8/30/2012 Art 101A, World Art Garrett Stokes Garrett Stokes Art 101A, World Art Abbas Daneshvari 8/30/12 Ancient Art History Art history has been a vital part of the modern human experience. For thousands of years, the first painters and sculptors have given us the first displays that allowed people to see and touch tangible artwork. The artwork has also captured the history and lifestyle of that time. Art History has also expressed its social and political events that happened during that time. This gives the present person a good understand on what events took place during that era. Some of the most prominent artwork of the western civilization is Greek, Etruscan and Roman art. That historical artwork has paved the way for modern art to have a place in art history world. I will compare and contrast the Greek, Etruscan and Roman characteristic and traits of its historical artwork. During the Geometric and Orientalizing art in the 900-600 BCE, the human shape returned to Greek art in the structure of bronze statuettes and simple silhouettes and other motifs on Geometric vases. One art example is the Dipylon krater, Athens, ca 740 BCE. During the Archaic Art, 600-480 BCE the earliest real-life stone statues appeared in Greece. The first Greek kouroi copied the frontal poses of early Egyptian statues, however designed the young men nude the same way that the men competed in the Ancient Olympics. In the...
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...Informative Essay Eng. 112 AUG 24, 2011 Rome: A City Drenched in Ruin and Splendor “Ah! The aroma of ‘Roma-the Eternal City!” Rome, known as the Eternal City even among the ancient Romans themselves, was so called because the Roman people thought that no matter what happened to the world, no matter how many other empires might rise and fall, Rome would go on forever (4Information.com). Indeed, Rome is over three thousand years old and has been the center of the universe for most of those years; it is also the home to the Pope where he is known as the “Bishop of Rome.” “For those who have visited her, it is unquestionably the most magnificent city in the world. Like the memory of a lost love, she will haunt you, stealing your senses one by one while hastening your return. For those who have not yet experienced her magic, the thrill awaits… (Roman Homes Website)” Rome is one of the most ancient and mystifying cities, full of majesty and splendor because it is a place of myth, antiquity, and spectacle. Rome is a city full of legend, history, and wonder. Its history includes classical myths of vengeful gods, blatant foolishness of Roman emperors, Bacchanalian excess around Renaissance courts while fast-forwarding to pompous Fascism during the reign of Mussolini in the twentieth century. Emperors, Popes and dictators have been at the forefront of domestic and international battles as they stamped out heresies while crushing infiltrating foes. As legend goes, Rome actually...
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...What Makes a Society Great – The Roman Empire as Example It is important to study the characteristics of a great society. Throughout history, there have been many societies that were great and many that were failures. In order to advance mankind and countries today, lessons can be learned from the past. There are many characteristics that are present in great societies. However, some of these qualities are more important than others. The three main characteristics that make a society great are a high quality of life, economic prosperity, and democracy. This essay explains why these three characteristics can make a society great and illustrates these qualities using the example of the Roman Empire. Quality of Life and Basic Needs It is extremely important for a society to meet the essential needs of all citizens and to provide a good quality of life. According to Randy Schutt in Inciting Democracy, in a good society, every person would have their basic human needs met (14). Basic human needs include: air, water, food, clothing, shelter, and safety from harm. A good quality of life includes meeting all basic human needs and also involves living an enjoyable life. According to Panos Mourdoukoutas and Abraham Stefanidis, “quality of life allows people to enjoy their wealth, advancing their personal and public lives.” Roman Empire Example For citizens in the Roman Empire, the quality of life was high and all basic human needs were met. Rome offered various entertainments for its...
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...Week 3 Roman Contribution Essay – The Roman Alphabet HIS 101 – History of Western Civilization I Abstract This essay will explore the Roman alphabet, a contribution from the Roman Empire which is used today in the modern world. A contribution so great yet sometimes overlooked. This Roman alphabet was known as the Classic Latin Alphabet. This essay will describe the changes that have taken place to give us the current alphabet used in the United States today as well as a majority of the world either as an official script or co-script. (Richey, 2014) Week 3 Roman Contribution Essay – The Roman Alphabet The Roman Alphabet is one of many contributions given to or handed down to us through centuries from the Romans and the Roman Empire. The Roman Alphabet is a contribution often overlooked in the wake of the architectural, engineered, literal, and governmental contributions from the ancient Romans that has had a major and lasting impact on life even in the modern world today. The Roman alphabet is made up from the Latin alphabet in which the Romans used twenty-three letters in their alphabet as compared to today’s twenty-six letter alphabet. The letters J, U, and W were not included in the Roman alphabet. The term, “alphabet”, in which each letter stands for one sound, seems to have been first used around 1900 B.C. in Egypt. (Social Studies for Kids) The ancient Greeks used this alphabet and created their own alphabet, however the Romans then refined the alphabet...
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...Julius Caesar is known as one of the greatest war tactions in history. His battlefield tactics are still used in modern day warfare. Had it not been for his narcissism, his accomplishments would have been even greater. Augustus Caesar, Julius’ nephew and adoptive son, succeeded his uncle as the new Emperor of Rome. Throughout this essay, I will discuss the achievements of Julius Caesar, the achievements of Augusts, and the qualities of both their personalities. Julius Caesar is known for his many conquests in ancient Roman history. It was an intrical part in making the Roman Empire as vast as it was between 58-50 BC. As a young aristocrat, Julius Caesar went to Greece to perfect his public speaking skills and his knowledge of philosophy (Starr, page 75). In 63 BC he secured election to the august post of “pontifex maximus,” which made him chief in the Roman religious affairs (Caesar, page 4). In 61 BC, after one year of being praetor, Julius became governor of a Spanish province. In 60 BC he returned from Spain with exceptional military experience and decided he wanted to be consul, and as a result, Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed the first Triumvirate, which basically means they were the authority in the civilization. The triumvirate ruled for Caesar to be one of the consuls for the following year, 59 BC (Starr, page 79). After one year as consul, in Caesar appointed himself as governor of Illyricum and Cisalpine Gaul for...
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...James Crarer 12EUC709 - The Russian Empire The Russian Empire Essay “In what ways did Peter the Great’s reforms transform the concept of the Empire?” Peter the Great’s reforms are widely considered to be one of the most defining moments in Russian history. Beginning as an effort to modernize the country’s military, as the era progressed the reforms expanded, instigating economic development, governmental modernization, intellectual reorientation and social reconstruction.1 The injection of European practices into Russia arguably set the precedence for the onslaught of a top down modernization that has since been a trait of Russian state development, as well as illuminating the beginning of the transition into a form of Russian modernity. The geographical historian Dennis Shaw, reiterates this by suggesting Peter exposed Russia “to the ideas of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution. Building on the achievements of his father, Peter launched a thoroughgoing reform or modernization of his realm with the aim of transforming it into a major European state.”2 In order to comprehend this transformation of the Russian empire, an appreciation of meaning of the term ‘empire’ is required. Stephen Howe suggests that ‘an empire is a large, composite, multiethnic or multinational political unit, usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate, sometimes far distant, peripheries.’3 While Howe’s definition provides a coherent basis from which...
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...Christians as well, “ The Lord teaches that many ravening wolves will come in sheep’s clothing. What is this sheep’s clothing but the outward profession of the name “Christian””. He then claims that the heretic is “self- condemned”, that being because “he chooses for himself the cause of his condemnation”. Yet his essential argument is that the nucleus of the heresy is philosophy, “It is philosophy that supplies the heresies with their equipment.” He presents a very narrow view of the way philosophy must be conducted; the constant seeking for the truth that is common practice within the study is problematic because one must stop seeking to believe according to Tertullian. Through his claim the reader is able to conceptualize the way of Western life during Tertullian’s era. People are encouraged...
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...it served to support Emperor Augustus’ rule and his strong beliefs in traditional Roman values. This paper will focus on the ways in which these authors supported the values and beliefs of Augustus, and to what aspect their literature helped and supported the change in Rome during the transition from Republic to Empire. These authors’ works were intrinsically tied to the era in a very unique and important way. The theme of traditional rural Roman values, and the importance of the countryside to the integrity of Rome were extremely prevalent in their works, as well as in the policies of Emperor Augustus. This signified the extreme importance of Augustus’ focus on restoring traditional Roman values, and when supported by the writings from Virgil, Horace and Livy, has proven to be one of the most significant aspects towards the success of Augustus’ transformation of Rome into the Empire it would become. When we examine the contribution that Virgil, Horace and Livy made to the Augustan rule in the newly formed Roman Empire, we cannot begin without mentioning some of the skepticism that occurred during the initial years of the transformation. This is evidenced well in an excerpt in Livy’s The Early History of Rome: I would have [the reader] trace the process of our moral decline, to watch, first, the sinking of the foundations of morality as the old teaching was allowed to lapse, then the rapidly increasing disintegration, then the final collapse of the whole edifice, and...
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...Introduction During the past few decades, Italy has become the immigration capital of Europe. People all around the world want to move to Italy, whether they are refugees or just looking for a new start. In fact, Italy has been at the top of Europe in taking in immigrants and refugees. Recently, all this immigration has become an issue. Italy is no longer taking in as many people as it once did, and nowadays, those people rarely find what they’re looking for in this Southern European country. This essay will take a look at the two largest sources of immigration to Italy, Romanians and North Africans. Romanians Romanians, the largest minority in Italy, have had an interesting history. The ancient Dacians used to inhabit Romania, and the ancestors of those...
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