...HEAD | PREVIOUS | Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 What is a Plasma? 1.1.1 An ionized gas A plasma is a gas in which an important fraction of the atoms is ionized, so that the electrons and ions are separately free. When does this ionization occur? When the temperature is hot enough. Balance between collisional ionization and recombination: | Figure 1.1: Ionization and Recombination Ionization has a threshold energy. Recombination has not but is much less probable. Threshold is ionization energy (13.6eV, H). χi | Figure 1.2: Ionization and radiative recombination rate coefficients for atomic hydrogen Integral over Maxwellian distribution gives rate coefficients (reaction rates). Because of the tail of the Maxwellian distribution, the ionization rate extends below T = χi. And in equilibrium, when | nionsnneutrals | = | < σi v >< σr v > | , | | (1.1) | the percentage of ions is large ( ∼ 100%) if electron temperature: Te >~χi/10. e.g. Hydrogen is ionized for Te >~1eV (11,600°k). At room temp r ionization is negligible. For dissociation and ionization balance figure see e.g. Delcroix Plasma Physics Wiley (1965) figure 1A.5, page 25. 1.1.2 Plasmas are Quasi-Neutral If a gas of electrons and ions (singly charged) has unequal numbers, there will be a net charge density, ρ. ρ = ne(−e) + ni(+e) = e (ni − ne) | | (1.2) | This will give rise to an electric field via ∇ . E= | ρϵ0 | = | eϵ0 | (ni − ne) | | (1.3) | Example:...
Words: 9955 - Pages: 40
...Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Players score points by striking a shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents' half of the court. Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor. The shuttlecock (or shuttle) is a feathered projectile whose unique aerodynamic properties cause it to fly differently from the balls used in most racquet sports; in particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly than a ball. Shuttlecocks have a much higher top speed, when compared to other racquet sports. Because shuttlecock flight is affected by wind, competitive badminton is played indoors. Badminton is also played outdoors as a casual recreational activity, often as a garden or beach game. Since 1992, badminton has been an Olympic sport with five events: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles, in which each pair consists of a man and a woman. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed and precision. It is also a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements. HISTORY The beginnings...
Words: 2834 - Pages: 12
...Traditional discussions around the architecture of business applications tend to focus on the application tier as being the connection between people and data and this holds for discussions around SOAs, Service Component Architectures (SCAs), or most other architectural perspectives in the industry today, including first-generation discussions around composite applications. Typically, however, the application tier contains structured business logic. However, building a composite application requires a mindset that not only is the productivity tier a critical element of the stack, but also it is where the most business value to enterprises can be found. To expand on the comparison between composite applications and SOA, both of them target flexibility and modularization. However, SOA provides flexibility at just one tier: that of the structured business logic in the middle tier. Composite applications target flexibility at all four tiers: presentation, productivity, application, and data. So, composite applications provide business value to the end users, in a way that goes far beyond what can be achieved with just service orientation. That said, a composite application is a great way to surface information out of a SOA, and having line-of-business (LOB) applications exposed as services makes it easier to build support for cross-functional processes into a composite application. Therefore to summarize, the ability to build and deploy composite applications requires a platform...
Words: 310 - Pages: 2
...They’d get out of this. They had to get out of this. My God, all his other fuckups were just preparations for this. This wasn’t possible. He could feel the current—strong, insistent, pumping against his thigh like a drunken lover. Was this how it went? One stupid move? One stupid fucking move, and your son on your back? No. He could do this. He tried to remember the strength he’d felt, that rude, beautiful strength, felt it pushing back the curtain of fear. There was nowhere to go. He could barely bring himself to speak. He couldn’t move. The way ahead was impossible. Far below, he could hear the water sucking on the shallow cavity made by his hip. The river. It wanted to be whole, unbroken. It wanted him gone. He could see it, forming and reforming, thick-walled jade, smoothing out its sides with its thumbs like a hypnotized potter. The water blurred. He wanted to scream for help. There was no one—just the rushing plain of the river, the trees. He couldn’t move. A muscle in his shoulder was jerking like a poisoned animal. What combination of things? Everything had come together. He couldn’t move. He was barely holding on. There was no way. The river ahead was smooth, deep, gliding over brown boulders trailing beards of moss in the deep wind. He wanted to laugh. For a second, he felt the hot, shameful fire of remorse and then unending pity—for himself, for the boy on his back, for the world—and at that moment he remembered hearing about a medieval priest who, personally taking...
Words: 342 - Pages: 2
...parliament.[157] The executive branch of the Indian government consists of the president, the vice-president, and the Council of Ministers—the cabinet being its executive committee—headed by the prime minister. Any minister holding a portfolio must be a member of one of the houses of parliament.[154] In the Indian parliamentary system, the executive is subordinate to the legislature; the prime minister and his council directly responsible to the lower house of the parliament.[159] Legislative: The legislature of India is the bicameral parliament. It operates under a Westminster-style parliamentary system and comprises the upper house called the Rajya Sabha ("Council of States") and the lower called the Lok Sabha ("House of the People").[160] The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body that has 245 members who serve in staggered six-year terms.[161] Most are elected indirectly by the state and territorial legislatures in numbers proportional to their state's share of the national population.[158] All but two of the Lok Sabha's 545 members are directly elected by popular vote; they represent individual constituencies via five-year terms.[162] The remaining two members are nominated by the president from among the Anglo-Indian community, in case the president decides that they are not adequately represented.[163] Judicial: India has a unitary three-tier independent judiciary[164] that comprises the Supreme Court, headed by the Chief Justice of India, 21 High Courts, and a large number...
Words: 268 - Pages: 2
...ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai kjtkrk jtgkernjkgnwer gkj wekjr gkj wjer fgw erkj fgkwj srejk fk jwke ajweroifaewrtjai...
Words: 405 - Pages: 2
...Associate Level Material Appendix B Sexual Response Cycles Use your own words to complete the table below with the experiences and changes in anatomy of males and females during the various sexual response phases. |Stage of Masters |Male Experience |Female Experience | |and Johnson |and Anatomy |and Anatomy | |Sexual Response Cycle | | | |Excitement Phase |During the experiment phase, the male will become |During the experimental phase, the female is | | |sexually aroused by mental or physical |sexually aroused by physical or mental | | |stimulation. This will result in a penile |stimulation. Increased blood flow to the | | |erection, which is due to the increase in blood |vagina will lubricate the vaginal walls, | | |flow to the corpora cavernosa. |which causes swelling of the female’s | | | |external genitals. The vaginal lips spread ...
Words: 484 - Pages: 2
...1. I chose a story about domesticating wild animals and its history that starts 30 to 40 thousand years ago. Link: http://www.theonion.com/article/study-humans-began-domesticating-animals-comfort-c-51391 2. The Onion`s argument is that people are domesticating wild animals, like wolves, in order to “comfort” children whose parents had separated. According to The Onion, our ancient ancestors first tamed and bred gray wolves 30 to 40 thousand years as a means of providing their children with a companion to keep them occupied and feeling less alone as they dealt with the emotional trauma of their mother and father splitting up. The funnies part of this article is in its arguments about taming wild animals. Nowadays, we can rarely see a tamed wolf, all because they are wild and dangerous. I can`t possibly imagine a wolf instead of a cat for example, as a friend for children. In my opinion, The Onion`s article is parodying a story about Mowgli from “The Jungle Book” series, where a boy whose name is Mowgli was found as a baby and raised by the wolves. 3. I chose this story because I found it unrealistic and funny. It also reminded me about a story of Mowgli that I read in my childhood. 4. I know that people always tried to tame different animals, including wild ones. Taming a wild horse is difficult; taming a wild elephant is even more difficult. However it`s almost impossible to tame a wild hunter, like wolf or lion, unless you do it since their first days of life...
Words: 452 - Pages: 2
...English Grammar in Use A self-study reference and practice book for intermediate learners of English Fourth Edition with answers Raymond Murphy CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/englishgrammarinuse Fourth Edition © Cambridge University Press 2012 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. English Grammar in Use first published 1985 Fourth edition 2012 4th printing 2013 Printed in Italy by L.E.G.O. S.p.A. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-521-18906-4 ISBN 978-0-521-18908-8 ISBN 978-0-521-18939-2 ISBN 978-0-511-96173-1 ISBN 978-1-107-64138-9 Edition with answers Edition without answers Edition with answers and CD-ROM Online access code pack Online access code pack and book with answers Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables and other factual...
Words: 2586 - Pages: 11
...STANLEY S. NYAMAWI, P.O. BOX 67 080200, MALINDI, KENYA. 21TH: OCTOBER: 2013. Dear Mr. Habeni, RE: MAKAO YA KUISHI Salam nyingi mwanzo, za heri, fanaka, maendeleo na siku nyingi hapa Duniani za kuishi ili mzidi kutuongoza kama watoto wenu maishani. Natoa shukruni zangu zadhati nazisizo na kifani, kwanza kwa kunikubali mimi kama mwanao, sawa na Yule aliye ni zaa, sijaona tofauti. Nami na kukubali kama Baba wa dhati, daima siku zote na milele na milele, uniongoze, uniombee ufanisi maishani, tuajaliwe sote kupata au kukosa ni MOLA mwenyewe. Tuwakuze au tuwaleye Familia hizi kwa dhati, heri...
Words: 350 - Pages: 2
...Ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt cvvkltttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttt ttttttttttt t t t t t t wt rt wt tth sdfg sddffgsddf gsddg ds gdsdg sdd sdfd s gg ggsdfg sd gsdf gdsffg sdf gsdd gsdd gsddfgsdgsd s d ffig d hi o j k l kl j kl jlk j lk j lk j lk j lk j lk j lk jl kj lk j lk j lkj lk j lk j lk j lk j lkjl k jl hkjg jh gl gl lkj klj jg hk jkl klj jk hl l h oi I ;l m m lk j h g h l’ k k hjl lj kh g gg g h j mg g g g ght fg ere r fg ggg fg kp hlh jh hj jhlhfsjjbhfjfjf fd g h r f g h tyj e r w by w t by e b her rtby wbe w be by erb rby ert we b wev f rv g be rbh h by wertv wer tvw etv wewe vt er erejeopgj ; lkj ;lkjl;kk;lpuiuhn juhuygyg j ; lj g g y po I nk h t u j b tt kg gv ggf v lkzdfjg; j jerlkg jdl aerkt lerktj lerjtj owi56 57546 754 6 76 54 67 54 65 45 67 5 4 6 54 5 6 54 5 65 4 6 45 6 45 6 4 56 4 56 4 56 4ret joij oij ;j rio moiooiphmoopp y7ypympmpv ipmimmmmiviuvumum mu mu mu mim imim imimi mi mi mio io mi om iom I I imu ium mu im m...
Words: 259 - Pages: 2
...Supervisors Celeste Blanco Nadiya Sedasey Leticia Arzu Sharony Chen Shari Allen Lliana Cho Yulisa Bernadives Alisha Waight Lulu Chang Sulema Ewens Edith Charlesworth Imani Ramos Ysenia Cho Olivia Garcia Sasha Gallego Marissa Cain Julia Gonzalez Tamarah Phillips Ellen Glenn Jennel Carey Adelaine King Rodesha Rodriguez G’ Anne Humes Nicolette Davis Courtney Lightfoot April Samos Joanna Joseph Lavonda Lambey Charnell Martin Kenysha Stanford Liliani Mai Chelsie Lorenzo Gabriela Munoz Khalilah Marin Sulmi Murillo Kiara Mejia Reniece Tillett Judith Mai Brittany Robateau Catherine Rios Whitney Usher Chelsea Johnston Ashley Seguro KeelyShae Anthony Bernadine Wewe Rochelle Shaw Daneesha Staine Chelsie Goodger Chelsea Thompson Aim The researcher of this SBA aims to record the transactions correctly into different books of original entry and ledgers such as the purchases day book, sales day book and the journal. The researcher will also learn how to draw up proper financial statement such a s balance sheet and trading and profit and loss account. Description of the business 4 BAS Sweet Paradise was the combination of different selective names from the fourth formers. This simulated business is located at Sr. Benedicts Hall, in front of the library. This business started 7th of October, 2013 and closed on 1st of November, 2013. The opening hours of the business were from...
Words: 778 - Pages: 4
...114 ways to say... I LOVE YOU Neal Justine English - I love you Neal Justine Afrikaans - Ek het jou lief Neal Justine Albanian - Te dua Neal Justine Arabic - Ana behibak Neal Justine Armenian - Yes kez sirumen Neal Justine Bambara - M'bi fe Neal Justine Bangla - Aamee tuma ke bhalo aashi Neal Justine Belarusian - Ya tabe kahayu Neal Justine Bisaya - Nahigugma ako kanimo Neal Justine Bulgarian - Obicham te Neal Justine Cambodian РOun Srorlagn Bung Neal Justine Cantonese Chinese - Ngo oiy ney Neal Justine Catalan - T'estimo Neal Justine Cheyenne - Ne mohotatse Neal Justine Chichewa - Ndimakukonda Neal Justine Corsican РTi tengu caru Neal Justine Creol - Mi aime jou Neal Justine Croatian - Volim te Neal Justine Czech - Miluji te Neal Justine Danish - Jeg Elsker Dig Neal Justine Dutch - Ik hou van jou Neal Justine Esperanto - Mi amas vin Neal Justine Estonian - Ma armastan sind Neal Justine Ethiopian - Ewedihalehu' Neal Justine Faroese - Eg elski teg Neal Justine Farsi - Doset daram Neal Justine Filipino - Mahal kita Neal Justine Finnish - Mina rakastan sinua Neal Justine French - Je t'aime, Je t'adore Neal Justine Frisian - Ik h̢ld fan dy Neal Justine Gaelic - Ta gra agam ort Neal Justine Georgian - Mikvarhar Neal Justine German - Ich liebe dich Neal Justine Greek - S'agapo Neal Justine Gujarati - Hoo thunay prem karoo choo Neal Justine Hiligaynon - Palangga ko ikaw Neal Justine Hawaiian - Aloha Au Ia`oe Neal Justine Hebrew - Ani ohev et...
Words: 633 - Pages: 3
...Campbell Brogdon June 22 2016 |Core Content: Wants a better mother in law | | |Core Affect: Anger and frustration | | |Time code 00:04-10:21 | | |Identify skills used. Paraphasing, clarification summerizing | | |Circle or Highlight the feeling words. | | |Client (Sarah) |School Counselor’s Response (Campbell) |Alternate Response |Self-Awareness | | |Hi Sarah, so What brings you in today? | | | | Well um I recently got married about a year and a | | | | |half ago and um I have a really hard time um | | | | |appreciating...
Words: 2466 - Pages: 10
...FF FF F or Peor Pe or Peor Pe or Pe ople, Naople, Na ople, Naople, Na ople, Na tt tt t ure, and ure, and ure, and ure, and ure, and tt tt t he Ehe E he Ehe E he E cc cc c oo oo o nn nn n oo oo o mm mm m yy yy y 1. AGRICULTURE TAKES A BIG BITE: THE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT OF THE GLOBAL FOOD SYSTEM After air and water, food is the most essential resource people require to sustain themselves. These resources are provided by the layer of interconnected life that covers our planet: the biosphere. Yet the way the food system provides food often severely damages the health of the biosphere through soil and aquifer depletion, deforestation, aggressive use of agrochemicals, fishery collapses, and the loss of biodiversity in crops, livestock, and wild species. The global food system has become such a dominant force shaping the surface of this planet and its ecosystems that we can no longer achieve sustainability without revamping the food system. At the same time sustainable food systems provide great hope for building a sustainable future—a future in which all can lead satisfying lives within the means of the biosphere. In this brief, we use Ecological Footprint analysis to document the current food system’s demand on the biosphere. Ecological Footprint accounts track the area of biologically productive land and water needed to produce the resources consumed by a given population and to absorb its waste. The Ecological Footprint...
Words: 8911 - Pages: 36
