1. Lipids to ATP * Hydrolysis is the first step in the breakdown of lipids. This happens in the cytoplasm, to produce fatty acids and glycerol. The glycerol is then metabolized into dihydroxyacetone phosphate. This hydroxyacetone is further metabolized into one of two compounds: pyruvic acid (for energy) or glucose-6-phosphate (during gluconeogenesis). * Fatty acids are catabolized into Acetyl Coenzyme-A, during something called the fatty acid spiral, which is then transformed into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water using the electron transport chain and the citric acid cycle. * ATP is created from both the citric acid cycle and the fatty acid spiral (Brandt, n.d.). 2. Saturated vs Unsaturated fatty acids * Saturated fatty acids: carbons are single bonded, solid at room temperature * Unsaturated fatty acids: carbons are double bonded, liquid at room temperature (Fatty Acid, 2015)

1. Saturated Fatty Acid

2. Unsaturated Fatty Acid

3.

4. No-Fat Diets * Non-fat diets are detrimental to the body, because vitamin-D, an essential vitamin, cannot be absorbed without lipids (fats). Vitamin D is essential to the absorption of vitamin C and phosphate. Vitamin C and phosphate are necessary for bone structure, neuromuscular function, and immune function. * Lipids are also necessary for the absorption of estrogen, one of the hormones responsible for reproduction, related to fetal growth and uterine changes during pregnancy. Without fat in the diet, pregnancy is not possible (Lichtenstein & Van Horn, n.d.).

References Brandt, M. (n.d.). Introduction to Lipid Metabolism. Retrieved August 9, 2015, from https://www.rose-hulman.edu/~brandt/Chem330/Lipid_metab.pdf Fatty Acid. (2015). Retrieved August 9, 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid Lichtenstein, A & Van Horn, L. (n.d.). Very Low Fat Diets. Retrieved August 9,