26.1
French and British signed entente- a nonbinding agreement to follow common policies
When militarism- or the glorification of the military also fed to arm race
French bitter about loss in Franco-Prussian war-desired to gain back province of Alsace and Lorraine
A-H sent Serbia a sweeping ultimatum- or final set of demands- to avoid war it said Serbia must end all anti-Austrian agitation and to punish any Serbian official involved in the murder plot and to allow A-H be involved in the investigation Serbia didn’t agree with all of the ultimatum- led to war July 28, 1914
Nicholas II asked William II to ease its demands- when it failed Russians began to mobilize- or prepare its military forces for war- August 1st germany declared war on Russia neutrality- a policy of supporting neither side in a war

26.2 stalemate- a deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other
Germans used zeppelins- large gas filled balloons to bomb the English coast
Submarines were much more important- German u-boats- nickname from German word for submarine, unterseeboot
Allies organized convoys- or groups of merchant ships protected by warships
The Turks then cut off crucial Allied supply lines to Russian through the Dardanelles- a vital strait connecting the Black sea and the Mediterranean
On a third front Turks were hard hit in the Middle East- Arab nationalists led by Husayn ibn Ali declared a revolt against OE- British gov’t sent Colen T.E. Lawrence to support their revolt- OE lost territory- key city of Baghdad

26.3
Modern mechanized war required the channeling of a nation’s entire resources into the war effort, or total war.
All warring nations except Britain imposed universal military conscription- or the “draft”
International law allowed for wartime blockades to confiscate contraband- or military supplies and raw materials needed to make military