...Although Africa initially had limited contact with the Americas and Europe, interaction gradually grew with the demand for slave labor overseas and spread devastating illnesses amongst the natives. Economies of all three regions expanded as well from the integration of crops and importation of slaves from Africa. In the early 1500s, Africa did not play a large part in the global economy, but when Europeans began settling in the Americas, slave labor became more popular, pulling Africa into the trade between the three regions. The European migrants also instigated epidemics in newly discovered civilizations as immunity had not yet been established. Also, the established system of communication allowed for the regions to experience various crops, opening a new method of economic flourish. In 1492, there was an initial low demand for slaves, resulting in little contact between Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Labor wasn’t yet needed while Europeans were newly settling in the Americas. In Brazil, the Portuguese settlers could not find laborers as easily because the people of Brazil were opposed to the settlers’ attempt to use them. As a result, they turned to the labor source of African slaves; large scale reliance on African labor began in the 1580s. With the new need for slaves, there was a heavy toll on slave communities as the labor demands of cane cultivation and sugar increased. In the eighteenth century, the slave trade heavily flourished with almost a hundred thousand...
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...In this short video John Green talks about changes that came about from the old world to the new. He does this referencing a history book by Alfred Cosby Jr. known as “The Columbian Exchange”. The Columbian Exchange is biological and cultural exchanges between the Old world and New world. There are many exchanges ranging from plants to technology. “While native people, plants, and animals were being displaced in the Americas, the rest of the world was benefitting from American imports, especially foods like maize, tomatoes, potatoes, pineapple, blueberries, sweet potatoes, and manioc.” Some social effects of the Columbian Exchange in the New World were the advancement in agricultural production and increased mortality rates are just two examples...
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...many key events that shaped the world today took place. Including, the exploration of trade routes to Asia from Europe, the rise of capitalism and mercantilism, demographic recovery from the Bubonic Plague, but the most important event was the Columbian Exchange. The demographic and environmental effects of the Columbian Exchange, between 1492 to 1750, on the Americas are similar to that of Europe, in terms of introduction of crops and the movement of native people, yet they differ when discussing the change in the population. A similarity between the environmental effects of the Columbian Exchange between Europe and the Americas, was the introduction of new crops and livestock. The new crops came from both Europe...
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...Drastically Impacted World History has been impacted by so many civilizations and trade it is quite unbelievable. Yet, what is a great example of World History being impacted? A good example of World History being impacted or altered is the Columbian Exchange. The Columbian Exchange is not just about the mere exchange of trades and goods. It includes the idea that the Europeans changed the very culture of many people in different areas. For one, the Europeans brought a smallpox epidemic to the America’s, which almost wiped out the people living there. This is not the only way Europeans impacted other civilizations. Many people living in China received many new crops. One crop in particular is the potato. The potato will eventually become important...
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...DOK Level 1 – Question: What did Christopher Columbus discover instead of the route west to Asia? Everyone thinks that he discovered America, but he actually discovered numerous Caribbean islands. Those islands were the Bahamas and Hispaniola (which is present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti). He also explored the border of Central and South America. DOK Level 2 – Question: What was the Columbian Exchange and what was a cause/effect because of it? The Columbian Exchange was a period of biological and cultural transfers between the Old World (Europe) and the New World. This started with Christopher Columbus’s voyage of 1492. This altered the life of Native Americans and Europeans. Since Christopher Columbus and his crew probably brought diseases...
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...Thousands dropping per day, millions of dead already. The black death, also known as the bubonic plague spread so fast that no one could do anything about it. The columbian exchange was a large part of the black death especially since the things who infected people lived on ships and boats. The reason the Black Death was named the Black Death was because the things that infected people were lack rats and fleas. You could get infected by either getting butten by a rat, or being bitten by a flea. The fleas were not actually infected with the disease though, the fleas carried the disease with themafter biting a rat. The flas could not digest all of the rats blood when sucking it, so it would carry it to the next person,it bites. The next person...
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...The exchange of ideas and goods encouraged imperialism (completely taking over and economic investment that causes quasi-imperialism) and the taking over of countries in order to boost the power that a country has. The exchange of goods is what prompted Christopher Columbus to first set out across the Atlantic Ocean in search of a western route to the Indies. This was done in hopes of finding a safer, and faster route rather than fighting pirates in the mediterranean or having to go around Africa or traveling by the silk road in order to get to the Indies. Christopher Columbus set out in an imperialist manner and expected to take over the different lands that he came across in hopes of securing more goods and power for his Spanish funders. While in a couple places in his letters to his funders he mentions spreading Christianity among the natives, Columbus mostly talks about trade and the imbalance that he sees as the natives give away things that he considers of great value in exchange for such trifles as...
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...Cahokia(地名)：City of Cahokia near present-day St. Louis. A culture flourished in there with 10000 to 30000 inhabitants lived there for 1200 years. It stood as the largest settled community in what is now the United States until surpassed超过 in population by New York and Philadelphia around 1800. “cousinocracy” : In the early colony period, America had no title aristocracy贵族 as in Britain. But throughout British America, men of prominence突出卓越 controlled colonial government. In Virginia, the upper class was so tightly knit and intermarried so often that the colony was said to be governed by a “cousinocracy.” Loyalists拥护者：Loyalists—those who retained their allegiance效忠 to the crown—experienced the conflict and its aftermath后果 as a loss of liberty. Many leading Loyalists had supported American resistance in the 1760s Columbian Exchange： The transatlantic大西洋彼岸（美国） flow of goods and people is sometimes called the Columbian Exchange. The transatlantic flow of goods and people that began with Columbus’s voyages in 1492. Stono Rebellion A slave uprising in 1739 in South Carolina that led to a severe tightening of the slave code and the temporary imposition of a prohibitive tax on imported slaves. Lemuel Haynes 名 : Lemuel Haynes, a black member of the Massachusetts militia民兵 and later a celebrated minister, urged Americans to “extend” their conception of freedom. Black Legend: Idea that the Spanish New World Empire was more oppressive沉重压迫 toward the Indians than...
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...Evolutionary Anthropology 21:50–57 (2012) ISSUES The Science Behind Pre-Columbian Evidence of Syphilis in Europe: Research by Documentary GEORGE J. ARMELAGOS, MOLLY K. ZUCKERMAN, AND KRISTIN N. HARPER This article discusses the presentation of scientific findings by documentary, without the process of peer review. We use, as an example, PBS’s ‘‘The Syphilis Enigma,’’ in which researchers presented novel evidence concerning the origin of syphilis that had never been reviewed by other scientists. These ‘‘findings’’ then entered the world of peer-reviewed literature through citations of the documentary itself or material associated with it. Here, we demonstrate that the case for pre-Columbian syphilis in Europe that was made in the documentary does not withstand scientific scrutiny. We also situate this example from paleopathology within a larger trend of ‘‘science by documentary’’ or ‘‘science by press conference,’’ in which researchers seek to bypass the peer review process by presenting unvetted findings directly to the public. George J. Armelagos is Goodrich C. White Professor of Anthropology at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. His research has focused on diet and disease in prehistory. He was the Viking Medal Medalist (Wenner-Gren Foundation) in 2005, received The Franz Boas Award for Exemplary Service to Anthropology from the American Anthropological Association in 2008, and The Charles Darwin Award for Lifetime Achievement to Biological Anthropology...
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...To just credit this success to a more centralized approach than the rest of the world would be an unjust oversimplification of China’s illustrious history. Instead, we must look at China’s emphasis on both technological advancements and centralized business practices as the sources of their ensuing dominance in the several centuries prior to the arrival of Europeans in the Americas. While some say that just a general policy of centralization helped to spur Chinese advancement during this time period, it is actually more accurate to hone in on their reformative business practices as the most probable cause. As Abu-Lughod (1989) stresses, China’s reforms occurred both on a national and a global scale. Within borderlines, one of China’s first steps was to adopt paper money (especially in North China) by the end of the 11th century. Amidst a global economy centered on the exchange of various metals, this business procedure lent itself to a more modern form of international trade. With this policy shift, China was able to homogenize their internal currency and set up a front for the rest of the world to deal with. Paper money became the only form of foreign currency, forcing foreign...
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...To some Christopher Columbus was a brave explorer who went out to the unknown and discovered new land, new people, a new world, some may even call him a hero. To me, he's better described as a greedy, destructive being. August 1492, after thirty-three days at sea, Christopher Columbus and his crew discovered new land for Spain. What they thought was Asia, was actually the Caribbean Islands. Columbus was an explorer who tried to find a shorter route to India. He'd been trying to make this exploration happen sooner but didn't have the money. Eventually, after asking many to help him with this quest, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella finally agreed. When he discovered the “Indies” he met new people. The Taino people Columbus discovered...
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...The Age of Exploration was when two worlds were brought together. European explorers were able to discover the New World for many different explanations. Their act produced great changes for both worlds the cause of the Age of Exploration were gold glory, and god. Throughout the year they establish a new world and in the new world there were positive and negative aspect of them. The negative aspect were slave trade, European disease, and racism. Alost h positive about the new world was navigation increased, expansion of wealth and power and exchanging of goods. There were many causes and effects from the Age of Exploration. In the years European began to build stronger, faster sailing ships and help increase their population and help others....
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...the Panama Canal is a constant reminder to Latin America that the United States controls the region. References "Chapter 4 How the US Obtained the Panama Canal." Accessed March 10, 2016. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/teachers/lesson_plans/pdfs/unit8_4.pdf. Hogan, J. Michael. The Panama Canal in American Politics: Domestic Advocacy and the Evolution of Policy. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1986. Hunt, Michael H., and Steven I. Levine. Arc of Empire: America's Wars in Asia from the Philippines to Vietnam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012. LaFeber, Walter. The Panama Canal: The Crisis in Historical Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. Maurer, Noel, and Carlos Yu. "What Roosevelt Took: The Economic Impact of the Panama ..." Accessed March 1510, 2016. http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication Files/06-041.pdf. "Monroe Doctrine." History.com. Accessed March 10, 2016. http://www.history.com/topics/monroe-doctrine. Perez, Orlando J. Post-invasion Panama: The Challenges of Democratization in the New World Order. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books,...
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...Many places began to grow and spread out. Soon many empires fell and this helped move people in the new environment. Many cultures moved and went into new land. What are the key characteristics of West African society? • Some characteristics of the West African societies are small compared to some that are humongous empires. Religion and family were a big factor in the lives of the people in the empire. Agriculture was a key-role of the means for making a living and being a craftsman was highly sought after. • Since the West African societies were smaller they all helped each other. Men were the people who worked all day to provide for their families. Religion and family helped people get by and was important to many people. Europeans began to help one another and talk and find out about the gold trade in Africa, but this wasn’t fully engaged because they weren’t in full agreement with the Europeans. How did events in Europe both shape and inspire exploration of the...
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...During the time period from 1450 to 1800, two powerful empires were in the process of being built. These two empires were the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Empire. During the building process of their empires, the Ottoman and the Spanish both developed many similarities in their political, social, and economic affairs. A similarity between these empires was that they both had some type of slave system. Even though they did have some things in common there were also many differences that were between these empires. Some differences between these two were that the Ottomans had the devshirme slave system and the Spanish had the encomienda system. The devshirme system was the practice in which the Ottomans recruited and then forcibly took Christian boys from their families and put them in Ottoman society. These Christian boys were called Janissaries. The Janissaries were converted to Islam and trained so that they could obtain a high position in society such as being a military leader or a high administrator. The reason for this system was that the Ottomans wanted to have the most able men trained to lead the empire. The encomienda system was a practice employed by the Spanish during the colonization of the Americas. It was used to regulate Native American labor. In this system, Spanish-Americans were given grants from Spain for which they had to take care of a certain number of Native Americans. These men that were given grants were instructed to teach the natives the Spanish...
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