...A period of economic difficulty that consumers and markets are experiencing world-widely is known as global financial crisis (BusinessDictionary, 2015). It occurs when there is an increase in asymmetric information coming from disruptions in financial system that is interrupting the funds from channelling efficiently between savers and households as well as preventing firms from having productive investment opportunities (Mishkin and Eakins, 2012, pp. 204). The recent global financial crisis began in the year of 2007 and the intensity increased in the subsequent year. Global financial crisis in 2007 happened as result of a number of factors such as government mandated subprime lending, imprudent mortgage lending, housing bubble, securitization and a few other more factors, which will be discussed. Causes The government mandated subprime lending has contributed to the financial crisis by promoting affordable housing under Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) as well as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Through affordable housing, banks were encouraged to participate in imprudent mortgage lending as mandated by the federal in order to help low-income borrowers, which imprudent mortgage lending is another cause that contributed to the global financial crisis (Jickling, 2009). As a result of mortgage lending, low-income families are able to purchase houses that they are not be able to afford to purchase without the policy. The loans require low or no down payments and limited documentation...
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...International Threats The impact of the global financial crisis on the world economy A Review of the Literature Foundation Year, BSc (Hons) in Banking and Finance Valikhujaev Voriskhon CA2394385 Group #112 Gerson Lapid, Mirzahidov Mirsodiq November 28, 2009 Abstract Two years have passed since the most severe global financial crisis launched in the USA. During this short period of time a lot has been made by the governments of the countries that suffered from the crisis. Yet, it is still expected that they need to implement more in order to eradicate the negative impacts from the crisis. Only the time will show which country or countries really succeeded in overcoming the crisis and which still need to learn. This paper focuses on how the crisis started, discusses its the main causes, analyses what made it spread to other countries and how much it cost to countries involved in international trading. The impact of the global financial crisis on the world economy A Review of the Litearture The beginning of the 21st century was marked by the start of one of the severest financial crisis that affected dramatically almost all countries of the world. Launched in the USA, in 2008 due to the failure of Lehman Brothers investment bank, it spread out quickly to other countries destroying...
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...2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS Name Course Date 1. Background The financial crisis commenced in August 2007 after the preceding inflation. The crisis became more defined throughout 2007 and gained momentum in 2008. This took place even after the financial regulators and the central banks’ tireless attempts to tame the situation. It is alleged that the main factors that influenced its manifestation include corruption, fraud, speculation, greed, bankers and bankers’ bonuses. However, the academic discourse, politics or media has been unable to solve the mystery surrounding the main causes of the crisis[1]. The mystery is academically relevant to the world of research just like the Great Depression, whose causes are still being discussed. Other sources believe that the crisis might have been as a cause of human failures especially following the refusal to bail out the Investment Bank Lehman Brothers. The housing bubble was the immediate trigger of the 2008 financial crisis. The following were the triggers under the housing bubble. I. Subprime lending A subprime mortgage is the mortgage that is readily acceptable without imposing strict measures of standard on it. Before the 2008 financial crisis, there existed a fierce competition between mortgage lenders. The competition between the mortgage lenders ensued from the struggle for market share and revenue. It also took place in tandem with limited supply of creditworthy borrowers which put unconditional stress...
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...India and the Global Financial Crisis What Have We Learnt? 1 - Duvvuri Subbarao _________________________________________________________ Thank you for inviting me to deliver the 2011 K R Narayanan Oration. It is an honour to which I attach a lot of value. President Narayanan 2. Late President Narayanan was a distinguished diplomat, a reputed parliamentarian, a capable minister and above all an erudite scholar. Born at the very bottom of India’s social pyramid, he rose on to occupy the highest office in the country with no assets other than hard work, integrity and humility. ‘A working President’, as he described himself, he never allowed dogma to overwhelm his beliefs and convictions. 3. President Narayanan was in office from 1997 to 2002, a time when globalization, as we are experiencing it in the current times, was taking root. At the banquet he hosted for the visiting US President Bill Clinton in New Delhi in March 2000, President Narayanan remarked: “Mr. President, we do recognise and welcome the fact that the world has been moving inevitably towards a one-world... But, for us, globalization does not mean the end of history and geography, and of the lively and exciting diversities of the world.” This was a thoughtful remark. As much as globalization may be inevitable, history and geography need not be destiny. If we learn the lessons of experience, we will not repeat the same mistakes. This indeed is the topic for my 1 K.R. Narayanan Oration by Dr. Duvvuri...
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...everyone a little economics”. The global financial crisis has questioned the efficacy of the existing institutional framework and forced us to rethink on how our financial systems are regulated. It has also posed an important question whether the root cause of this global crisis has been the highly praised ‘Open Market Approach’. The inter linkages in the global economy has ensured that no country remains isolated and unhindered by the crisis. With the economic crisis looming over the people at large, unemployment seems to be at all time high and the whole world having a pessimistic view of the future, capitalism seems to be at loss of reason for this crisis, let alone a find solution for it. There was a time when being a capitalist economy was a matter of pride and people were excited to be part of the “free” economy but somewhere down the line the excitement seemed to have vanished. What was thought to be an epitome of equality, turned out to be the cause of inequality. In an article by Joseph E. Stiglitz “Of the 1%, By the 1%, For the 1%”, 1 percent of the people in USA take nearly a quarter of the nation’s income. He further adds that the top 1% of Americans control nearly 40% of the country’s income. The income disparity along the inactiveness by the government to improve the global crisis has led to the eroded faith among the people towards Capitalism. This paper aims at understanding the various factors that led to the current crisis, its cause and impact on the world economy...
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...economic crisis that struck the world between 2008 to 2009 had such resounding adverse impacts that brought even the mightiest economies to its knees. Even at present, the far-reaching effects of the crisis remain almost palpable and may be seen in high unemployment rates, economies still in recession and seemingly insurmountable national deficits. The United States, where the crisis had its beginnings continues to suffer from the recession even if it is gradually recovering. The present problems in the Euro zone may be partly attributed to the recession of 2008. Because of these, many scholars, economic analysts, researchers and businessmen continue to endeavor up to now to discern what the real cause of the economic crisis was in the hopes that it will not happen again. Many people attribute the global economic meltdown to the collapse of the subprime sector in the United States. To put it simply, the mortgage sector was blamed for the crisis because of how many financial instruments were collateralized by mortgages of people who had bad credit histories. When too many of them failed to meet their obligations, it began a series of defaults that ultimately collapsed not only the mortgage industry but the financial industry as well. All those that have investments in both sectors, local and foreign entities, also became affected as they lost what they have invested. However, a crisis of such scale as that which took place in 2008 to 2009 could not be attributed to one cause alone...
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...watching the Inside Job video, the term Global Economic Crisis of 2008 or Global financial Crisis that I understood is where a period of time, there was a great depression on workers, consumers, producers and the peoples due to major losses that happened globally between investment banks, insurance company, Audit firms, financial services firms and other multinational corporations. What are the causes that these entire gigantic firms led to major losses? This economic crisis had cost ten millions of people lost their savings, their jobs and their homes. The first part of the video was about Iceland country. Iceland is such a beautiful country with fresh air, foods, efficient operations of geothermal and hydroelectric and where the economic was stable in marketing before the crisis happen. Iceland is one of the high standard living countries. In 2008, the population is very high about 320,000 and the GDP of the country was $13billion, the bank had major losses about 100billions. During the year of 2008, Iceland banks collapses due to borrowers unable to settle their debts from lenders. Unemployment triples in 6 months. The three banks in Iceland which are Iceland’s banking, Kaupping and GLINTR had borrowed money which is three times the economics of Iceland. Government had financial deregulation. The government could not able to protect the citizen during this crisis. Collapses of major bank in US and Iceland are main causes to this crisis The major Investment banks which are...
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...2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS Name Course Date 1. Background The financial crisis commenced in August 2007 after the preceding inflation. The crisis became more defined throughout 2007 and gained momentum in 2008. This took place even after the financial regulators and the central banks’ tireless attempts to tame the situation. It is alleged that the main factors that influenced its manifestation include corruption, fraud, speculation, greed, bankers and bankers’ bonuses. However, the academic discourse, politics or media has been unable to solve the mystery surrounding the main causes of the crisis[1]. The mystery is academically relevant to the world of research just like the Great Depression, whose causes are still being discussed. Other sources believe that the crisis might have been as a cause of human failures especially following the refusal to bail out the Investment Bank Lehman Brothers. The housing bubble was the immediate trigger of the 2008 financial crisis. The following were the triggers under the housing bubble. I. Subprime lending A subprime mortgage is the mortgage that is readily acceptable without imposing strict measures of standard on it. Before the 2008 financial crisis, there existed a fierce competition between mortgage lenders. The competition between the mortgage lenders ensued from the struggle for market share and revenue. It also took place in tandem with limited supply of creditworthy borrowers which put unconditional stress...
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...ABSTRACT Almost everyone was affected by the 2007-2010 global financial crisis in one way or another. While there have been numerous studies that have explored the causes behind such global financial crisis, this subject proves to be a rather significant matter as it is still an ongoing crisis that had hit the Western countries directly causing massive layoffs. Indeed, many people have predicted such crisis would require a substantial amount of time for it to subdue. However, we do not know just how bad the current credit crisis will get. Therefore, this study attempts to rectify the whole scenario in the literature. This research aims to analyze the causes, implications and impact of this global financial crisis towards the world economy and through this information, we should be able to clear any doubts and discontent one has on this matter. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………..………..…………………...ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………….……………….………iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………………..iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………1 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH ANALYSIS………………………………………………………2 2.1 THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS OF 2007-2010……………………………………….2 2.2 CAUSES……………………………………………………………………………………....3 2.2.1 US HOUSING BUBBLE AND FORECLOSURES………………………………. 3 2.2.2 SUBPRIME LENDING……………………………………………………………..4 2.2.3 INACCURATE CREDIT RATINGS……………………………………………….5 2.2.4 MORTGAGE UNDERWRITING…………………………………………………..6 2.2...
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...Analyze the Effects of Financial Globalization on China's Financial System Introduction With the development of financial globalization, the free flow of international capital contributes a lot to the development of the world economy, however, many short-term speculative capital wandering around the world with rapid speed and complex means have impacted on developing countries’ financial markets, which constantly induce financial instability and crisis. And fluctuations due to capital flows also makes the international financial turmoil have a huge ripple effect and zoom effects. Financial globalization has exacerbated the instability and the risk of global economy and financial development, so financial security is increasingly becoming an important part of national security .In this essay, we are going to talk about the impact of financial globalization on China’s financial market and what the measures will be taken to ensure the security of China’s economy. The main performance of financial globalization 1. Globalization of capital flows is the most prominent manifestations of financial globalization. Since the 1980s, the scale of international capital flows has continueally expanded, while financial technology and financial innovation and the development of various financial derivative helps accelerate the speed of cross-border flows of international capital. By using computer and modern finncial technology, on one hand hundreds of millions of funds can move...
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...about the term financial crisis. Every day on the news we can hear about the financial crisis in some countries and how they are trying to prevent it or to get out of it. Especially about the financial crisis in Greece. So what exactly is financial crisis? There have been a lot of definition of what financial crisis is, but they all agree in one thing financial crisis appears when some institution or assets suddenly lose a large part of their value. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many financial crises were associated with banking panics, and many recessions coincided with these panics. Other situations that are often called financial crisis include stock market crashes and the bursting of other financial bubbles, currency crises and sovereign defaults. There a lot of types of financial crisis: banking crisis, speculative bubbles and crushes, wilder economic crisis and other crisis. But from all of them, today the most frequent financial crisis is the banking crisis. This happens when a lot of the depositors withdraw their deposits from the bank, causing the bank to bankrupt. This kind of crisis happened in 2007-2008,also known as the global financial crisis and 2008 financial crisis. This crisis is considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. This crisis was called the worst because it was spreading really quickly all around the world. But what causes this kind of crisis to happen? There a lot of causes that bring...
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...The 2008 financial crisis was a massive economic and financial downturn that later became a full on recession. This crisis lead to a near halt in trading and plummeted the GDP of almost all European countries. But how did the booming European economy suffer such terrible loss? While the crisis began in the United States a nationwide recession, especially one in a country thought to be economically sound, can quickly cause panic across the globe, leading to a distrust of banks. This can be absolutely detrimental as the system of banking relies wholeheartedly on trust as money is truly just a piece of paper with a trusted value. Panic can cause the public to rapidly pull their funds from banks and this panic and draining of funds can quickly...
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...für Wirtschaft und Recht | Paper SubmissionIn requirements of the courseMultivariate Statistical Methods | Co movement of Global Stock Market Indices | | | | Name: Abhisek Rathi Matriculation Number: 22030512 Submitted To: Prof. Dr. Frank Brand Submission Date: December 17, 2012 Contents Introduction 3 Stock Market Co-Movement 4 Causes 4 Data Analysis 6 Observations 9 Implications 10 References 12 Introduction The global financial crisis of 2008 was the biggest economic crisis faced by the world since the great depression of 1929. The crisis started to brew in the US in 2007 and many believed it would be largely limited to the shores of the US. However, the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008 was sufficient to trigger a worldwide stock market collapse, the effects of which are felt to this day. The worldwide collapse of stock market can be understood by considering the world as a single big marketplace. Analysing the co-movement of various financial markets has gained importance in the recent past both for policy makers, in terms of policy co-ordination, and portfolio managers, for portfolio diversification. For policy makers, high co-movement would facilitate transition in local currency areas resulting in potential efficiency gains from stock market merger activities. This, in turn, will result in greater financial stability across the regions. However, for portfolio managers, high correlation between international stock markets would reduce...
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...problem such as the GFC has many causes (economic, political, etc.). Your task is to focus on the organizational causes that contributed to the crisis. • You are required to use at least two organizational theories and/or concepts from the pensum to motivate your answer, making sure that you make a clear reference to them in your answer and within the literature list that is to be included at the end of your assignment. It is recommended that you focus on explaining a few possible causes in detail instead of discussing ten superficially. • You are required to select relevant data to produce justified answers to the research question relating such data to the theory and concepts selected. Sources of data can include newspapers, annual reports, statistical databases, websites, etc. Make sure that you make a clear reference to the data sources in your answer and in the reference list that is to be included at the end of your assignment. • Note that the level of analysis that you can use is quite open. For example, you might choose to see it from an inter-organizational perspective, from a field level (i.e. industry level) or from the perspective of an individual organization. It is recommended, however that you are very clear on the level that you are choosing. • Finally, note that you may want to use the literature, videos and presentations used during the Case Days as a starting point. A list of resources used to build the Global Financial Case in class is uploaded in Sitescape...
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...Introduction Currently the United States is in the midst of the worst global financial crisis of the 2l century, which traced its origins to the sub-prime mortgage disaster that began to unravel in 2007. The shocks of global crisis are devastating: homeowners filed for bankruptcies and faced foreclosures in record high numbers, leading Wall Street firms such as Bear Sterns and Merrill Lynch crumbled under their massive exposure to sub-prime mortgage holdings that turned into toxic had assets and over $50 trillion in wealth had been wiped out within the last two years. No financial crisis since the Great Depression prompted many policy reactions as governments scrambled to map out rescue plans to restore stability and revive economic growth. The after effects of the sub-prime mortgage meltdown have left policymakers both in the United States and around the world struggling to restore growth and confidence in their economies. What are the causes behind the U.S. sub-prime mortgage crisis? Is one cause more responsible than another? Why of why not? The principal cause of the economic slowdown was the collapse of the global credit boom and the ensuing financial crisis, which has affected asset values, credit conditions, and consumer and business confidence around the world. The immediate trigger of the crisis was the end of housing booms in the United States and other countries and the associated problems in mortgage markets, notably the collapse of the U.S. sub-prime mortgage...
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