...Exercise 6 Solution Chapter 6 Elasticity: The Responsiveness of Demand and Supply 6.1 The Price Elasticity of Demand and Its Measurement 1) Price elasticity of demand measures A) how responsive suppliers are to price changes. B) how responsive sales are to changes in the price of a related good. C) how responsive quantity demanded is to a change in price. D) how responsive sales are to a change in buyers' incomes. Answer: C Comment: Recurring Diff: 1 Page Ref: 168-169/168-169 Topic: Price Elasticity of Demand Objective: LO1: Define price elasticity of demand and understand how to measure it. AACSB: Reflective Thinking Special Feature: None 2) If the percentage increase in price is 15 percent and the value of the price elasticity of demand is -3, then quantity demanded A) will increase by 45 percent. B) will increase by 5 percent. C) will decrease by 45 percent. D) will decrease by 5 percent. Answer: C Comment: Recurring Diff: 2 Page Ref: 168-169/168-169 Topic: Price Elasticity of Demand Objective: LO1: Define price elasticity of demand and understand how to measure it. AACSB: Analytic Skills Special Feature: None 3) If demand is inelastic, the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand is A) one. B) less than one. C) greater than one. D) greater than the absolute value of the slope of the demand curve. Answer: B Comment:...
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...PAPER FIRST SEM MBA MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS “Kinds Of Elasticity Of Demand” “Factors Influencing Elasticity Of Demand” GROUP 2 ROLL NO | NAME | 7 | PRAVEEN KUMAR K L | 8 | PRAVEEN R | 9 | PRITHVI LINGH HONNESH | 10 | PRITHVI P M | 11 | PRIYA DARSHINI B A | 12 | PRIYANKA JAHAGIRDAR | ------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT From the managerial point of view, the knowledge of nature of relationship between demand and its determinants alone is not sufficient. What is more important is the extent of relationship or the degree of responsiveness of demand to the changes in its determinants. The degree of responsiveness of demand to the change in its determinants is called elasticity of demand. The concept of elasticity of demand plays a crucial role in business-decisions regarding maneuvering of prices with a view to making larger profits. Almost most businessmen are intuitively aware of the elasticity of demand of the goods they make, however, the use of precise estimates of elasticity of demand will add precision to their business decisions. In this paper we will discuss * The various kinds of elasticity of demand * The nature of change and how it affects the decision taking. * How demand decisions in response to price changes vary for different types of goods? * Factors influencing the elasticity of demand INTRODUCTION Governments, business firms, supermarkets, consumers...
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...& 2 2. Explain how Market/Price mechanism solves there central problems of economics 1 & 2 3. Explain why the price in competitive markets settles down the equilibrium intersection of supply and demand. Explain what happens if the market price starts out too high or too low. 3 4.Explain the economic meaning 0f price elasticity of demand with the help of numerical example of your own choice. 4 & 5 5. Discuss the major determinant of price elasticity of Demand 4 & 5 6. Critically Discuss the law of diminishing marginal utility of a numerical example and suitable diagram 5 Price Elasticity of Demand The elasticity of demand (ed) is a measure of the price responsiveness to the quantity demanded and is equal to the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. Because the elasticity of demand can vary depending on whether one moves up or down the demand curve, elasticities of demand are often calculated by taking an average the prices and quantities given by the following formula: ed = change in Q / change in P (Q1 + Q2)/2 (P1 + P2)/2 Determinants of price elasticity of demand 1. existence of substitutes—the closer the substitutes for a particular commodity, the greater will be its price elasticity of demand 2. importance of the commodity in the consumers budget—the greater the percentage of a total budget spent on the commodity, the greater the person’s price elasticity of demand for that commodity 3. time...
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... Q. 5.1 (a) What is elasticity of demand? In economics, the term "elasticity" refers to how much the demand for a product changes when certain other variables change. For example, price elasticity of demand looks at the change in quantity demanded for a good or service when the price of that good or service changes. The simpler formulas for finding elasticity tend to take the percent change in demand and divide it by the percent change in the independent variable. Percentage change in quantity demanded Percentage change in independent variable The concept of elasticity of demand should measure the responsiveness of demand for a product to changes in the variable confined to its demand function. There are, thus, as many kinds of elasticity of demand as its determinants. In view of its major determinants, however, economists usually consider three important kinds of elasticities of demand: 1. Price elasticity of demand 2. Income elasticity of demand 3. Cross price elasticity of demand Q.5.1 (b) On What factors does elasticity of demand depends? When the demand for a commodity is elastic or inelastic will depend on a variety of factors. The major factors effecting the elasticity of demand are: 1. Availability of substitute goods: The more and closer the substitutes available, the higher the elasticity is likely to be, as people can easily switch from one good to another if an even minor price change is made; There...
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...case study 1. The nominal and real prices of a product are two very different things. Nominal refers to the price of the product at a given period of time. However the real price of the product is the nominal price which has been adjusted due to changes that happen in the economy such inflation. This happens because, over time the prices of products rise and the value of money falls. Therefore expressing prices over a long period of time can sometimes be misleading. The peaks and troughs show when coffee prices were very high and when they were very low. When the real price of coffee is calculated, taking the nominal price in 1970 and multiplying it by the 2010 price, it shows that the 2010 price has fallen, which means coffee has become cheaper. 2. Quantity demanded is the amount that customers actually purchased or wish to purchase. There are several key determinants of demand for green coffee; some of these include the price, income or wealth, the population of the country, taste, the environment or even various acts of government. Price Quantity demanded Price Quantity demanded The demand curve above shows the relationship between quantity demanded and price of coffee, holding all other factors, that the factors constant. Price Quantity demanded Price Quantity demanded The table above shows a shift the demand curve due to an increase of disposable income among a population 3. A. Demand for green coffee would increase, if income...
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...provides an economic analysis of South African Maize. The objective of the assignment is to find a non –governmental price regulated commodity and examine the determinants of demand and supply, as well as prices, and elasticities of the commodity Table of Contents Introduction: 2 The determinants causing shifts in demand and supply: 3 Price movements: 4 Price and/or income elasticities: 4 Conclusion: 5 References: 5 Introduction: In Africa, South Africa’s economy is one of the largest (one-quarter) contributor’s to the nation’s economic Gross Domestic Product. Even though the manufacturing sector is now a sizeable donor to the South African economy, commodities do still provide an ample section to the economy (Simpson, 2012). A commodity is known as a raw material this is exchanged (bought and sold) by trade partners. It can also be a primary agricultural product (Parkin et al., 2008: ). South Africa’s agricultural sector does not have a large impact on a global scale upon the world’s agricultural trade. Although does export cereal grains in large quantities as well as stocks the country with cereal grains’ seeing as it is one of South Africa’s staple foods (Simpson, 2012). In economics, questions result from people wanting more than they can get. What is available for individual’s consumption is limited by time; incomes received; and by the prices of the goods and services people must pay. The goods and services available are constrained by the limited resources...
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...chapter four Elasticity of Demand and Supply ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 4-1 What is the formula for measuring price elasticity of demand? What does it mean (in terms of relative price and quantity change) if the price elasticity coefficient is less than 1? Equal to 1? Greater than 1? Price elasticity of demand is found by dividing the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price. Over a range of prices, we use the midpoint formula: Ed = [(change in Q)/(sum of Q’s/2)] divided by [(change in P)/(sum of P’s/2)] If the price elasticity coefficient is less than 1, this means that the percentage change in quantity is relatively smaller than the change in price – consumers are relatively unresponsive to price changes. A coefficient of 1 means that the percentage changes are equal – a 10 percent price decrease will cause a 10 percent increase in quantity demanded. A coefficient greater than one means that consumers are relatively responsive to price changes – the quantity response is greater than the price change (in percentage terms). 4-2 Graph the accompanying demand data, and then use the price elasticity formula (midpoints approach) for Ed to determine price elasticity of demand for each of the four possible $1 price changes. What can you conclude about the relationship between the slope of a curve and its elasticity? | | | |Product ...
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...focus of this paper will be demand and supply of physicians in US market and it will elaborate on determinants of demand and supply of physicians with recent data analysis, price elasticity of demand and supply, construction of demand and supply graph using the recent data. Thus, based on the analysis the recommendations will be identified in regards to market of physicians in US economy. DEMAND FOR PHYSICIANS According to NBC news dated November 4th 2013, 6.27pm ET, stated that “demand for doctors will increase by 2025”. The reason for this change in demand for doctors is due to the determinants of demand. The determinants of demand are the factors that lead to changes in the demand for the doctors in the economy. A) Determinants of Demand for Physicians The factors that affect the demand for Physicians in the US market are as follows: i) Price of Physicians The fee charged by physicians determines the demand for them, as the fees increases the demand of physicians will decline. As it is noted in US economy there are high volume of medical insurance policies which help individuals to cover their medical expenses which leads to increment in the demand for physicians ii) Medical and insurance facilities According to NY Times dated, November 2014, the cost of coverage under affordable care act increased, therefore it will affect the demand for physician, and this will decline as people will end up paying more compared to what they use to do. iii) Resources...
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...|A Report on | |Elasticity and Related Problems | |A Report on | |Elasticity and Related Problems | Course Title: Microeconomics Course Code: F – 106 Submitted To: Lubna Rahman Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Submitted By: |Serial No. | | | |Name | | | |ID No. | | | | | | | |01. | | | |Md. Tanvir Ahmed Chy ...
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...consumers have officially accepted the insanely high gasoline prices and what he doesn’t earn in gas sales, he will compensate with convenience item sales. Willing to do anything to assist my family and also not quite sure if it is a smart investment, I told Aly I would do my research and relay my findings. In order to effectively help ALy, there are certain relevant economic principles that must be assessed and determined. The issues to be addressed when starting a business, such as a gas station, are: demand determinants, supply determinants, costs of production, pricing, and normal or economic profit or loss. Demand Determinants Before any business can begin, regardless of the type of business, the potential business owners and investors must first determine if the demand for the products and/or services the business is providing is high or low. As gas consumers, certain factors are assessed in determining their reactivity to gas prices. Gas consumers must ask themselves: What factors would make them more or less susceptible to price changes in the gasoline industry? Has he/sheresponded differently to price changes in gasoline during certain periods in their life? Why is it that gas price changes at certain stations seem to affect them more than gas price changes in the industry as a whole? In consideration to these questions, the determinants may be a number of things. The most important of these determinants is the income of the household. For instance, if a family of...
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...consumers have officially accepted the insanely high gasoline prices and what he doesn’t earn in gas sales, he will compensate with convenience item sales. Willing to do anything to assist my family and also not quite sure if it is a smart investment, I told Aly I would do my research and relay my findings. In order to effectively help ALy, there are certain relevant economic principles that must be assessed and determined. The issues to be addressed when starting a business, such as a gas station, are: demand determinants, supply determinants, costs of production, pricing, and normal or economic profit or loss. Demand Determinants Before any business can begin, regardless of the type of business, the potential business owners and investors must first determine if the demand for the products and/or services the business is providing is high or low. As gas consumers, certain factors are assessed in determining their reactivity to gas prices. Gas consumers must ask themselves: What factors would make them more or less susceptible to price changes in the gasoline industry? Has he/sheresponded differently to price changes in gasoline during certain periods in their life? Why is it that gas price changes at certain stations seem to affect them more than gas price changes in the industry as a whole? In consideration to these questions, the determinants may be a number of things. The most important of these determinants is the income of the household. For instance, if a family of...
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...that apply micro economics tools like demand and cost, monopoly and competition, the allocation of resources, and economic tradeoffs to help managers in taking better decisions. Managerial economics is the science of directing scarce resources to manage effectively. These may be decisions with regard to customers, suppliers, competitors or the internal working of the organization. It does not matter whether the setting is a business, non profit organization or a home. It is the application of micro economics to the managerial issues (Wikipedia, 2010) Written Paper on — Demand Analysis and Optimal Pricing The term demand signifies the ability or the willingness to buy a particular commodity at a given point of time. Demand is the desire to own anything and the ability to pay for it. In short, the demand function shows, in equation form, the relationship between the quantity sold of a goods or service and one or more variables (Blogspot, 2010). Q = f (P, P0, Y) The demand function does not indicate the exact quantitative relationship between Q and P, P0, and Y. Q = quantity demanded P = price of the product P0 = price of the other product Y = income of the consumer The demand equation can be used to test the changes in any of the explanatory variables. The demand curve is a special sub case of the demand function in which ceteris paribus applies to all independent variables except the price of the product in question. The demand curve expresses the relationship between...
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...in place due to the following developments in the global business environment: (a) Growing complexity of business decision-making processes. (b) Increasing need for the use of economic logic, concept, theories, and tools of economic analysis in the process of decision-making. (c) Rapid increases in the demand for professionally trained managerial manpower. These developments have made it necessary that every manager aspiring for good leadership and achievement of organizational objectives be equipped with relevant economic principles and applications. Unfortunately, a gap has been observed in this respect among today’s managers. It is therefore the aim of this course to bridge such gap. THE COURSE OBJECTIVES On completion of the requirements of this course, students and managers alike will be expected to: 1. Understand the relative importance of Managerial Economics; 2. Know how the application of the principles of managerial economics can aid in the achievement of business objectives; 3. Understand the modern managerial decision rules and optimization techniques; 4. Be equipped with tools necessary in the analysis of consumer behaviours, as well as in forecasting product demand; 5. Be equipped with the tools for analyzing production and costs; 6. Understand and be able to apply latest pricing strategies; THE COURSE STRUCTURE This course will be presented in modules, each of which is designed to achieve specific managerial objectives. In a nutshell the course contents are as follows: ...
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...past, present and potential future demand for gasoline, the availability of sufficient gasoline supply, as well as a recommendation about the desirability of undertaking the venture. Crude oil prices have fluctuated over the past several years, but have steadily risen which translates into a rise of gasoline at the pump. This has made it appear appealing to venture into this business. On the other hand, people are very tired of high fuel prices and how rising fuel prices seem to drive up the price of consumer goods, utilities and touch almost anything consumers would have a desire for. According to an article published on the Forbes website in 2012 [1], the worst is not over. The last two years has proven this not to be true. Although there have been a number of spikes in gas prices, the prices in 2014 have been reported to be the lowest since 2010. This could lead to lower profits for a variety of reason that this paper will examine. Opening up or purchasing one or more gas stations represents a substantial outlay of cash, or obtaining large loans, or a combination of the two. The investment in the gas stations is based upon the premise that the gas stations will produce enough revenue to pay debts, as well as provide enough income to pay off loans or provide a return on the initial investment. On-going maintenance and other costs would have to be considered before a purchase decision is made. DEMAND DETERMINANTS Gas prices have risen and fallen over the years...
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...Contents 1. Introduction to Economics 1 What is Economics? 2 Studying of Choice in a World of Scarcity 4 The Cost-Benefit Principles 6 Absolute Advantage vs. Comparative Advantage 9 2. Law of Demand and Supply 13 Introduction to Demand and Supply 14 The Demand Curve 15 The Supply Curve 18 Market Equilibrium 21 Shift in Demand 25 Shift in Supply 26 3. Elasticity of Demand and Supply 29 Price Elasticity of Demand 30 Types of Elasticity of Demand 31 Determinants of Price Elasticity of Demand 34 Price Elasticity of Supply 38 Types of Elasticity of Supply 39 Determinants of Price Elasticity of Supply 41 4. International Trade 44 Introduction to International Trade 45 International Trade Restrictions 48 Arguments in Favour of Restricting Trade 53 Non-economic Arguments for Restricting Trade 56 Problems with Trade Protection 58 5. Market Structures 62 Introduction to Market Structure 63 Perfect Competition 65 Monopoly 68 Monopolistic Competition 72 6. Macroeconomics – GDP, Unemployment, Money and Central Bank 77 Introduction to Macroeconomics 78 GDP 81 Unemployment 84 Inflation 89 [pic] |Principles of Economics | |BM2 | A WORD OF WELCOME ...
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