...The purpose of this essay is to explain the geographic patterns of the 2004 presidential election vote in Ukraine. These patterns display very significant information to a scholar in search of the reasons behind how the voting went. The east side of Ukraine was largely in favor of Viktor Yanukovych, with his support dwindling as the pattern moves westward. (Figure 1) The west side of Ukraine was largely in favor of Viktor Yushchenko, with his support lessening as the pattern moves eastward. (Figure 2) Both patterns are particularly conspicuous, revealing geographical cultural differences across the nation. Over against some false explanations, these patterns can be properly explained by analyzing the ultimate and proximate causes of why people voted the way they did....
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...GKE1 Task 3 Part A. The rise of New Imperialism in Africa began in 1881 and ran through 1914. Looking to expand their empires, European countries looked to Africa as its size and benefits became evident. The invasion of Africa began as a paper conquest, conducted in the drawing rooms of European capitals. Once they arrived in Africa, leaders and footmen took the ideas from Europe and put them into action on the ground. They conquered weak African chiefs and signed treaties with the powerful ones. Soon after arriving, treaties were thrown aside and the conquest began. Having far more resources and a technical advantage, European countries rolled through to central Africa. The strong firepower of the Europeans crushed most if not all of the African resistance. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 was the highlight of European competition for territory in Africa. France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and King Leopold II of Belgium together had acquired thirty new African colonies. They came together to negotiate their claims to African territory. They were then formalized and divided into forty new political units, subsequently displacing 110 million Africans. These units were drawn as straight lines with no regards for the villages, ethnic groups and African kingdoms. (scramble for Africa, 2015) Part A1 The indigenous people of Africa originally trusted Europeans. They believed the treaties they signed were merely a formality and based upon friendship...
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...Khan 15020568 Professor Erum Haider Pol 320 6 May 2014 How do social media shape the social movements in modern times? A comparative study of Ukraine Crimea crisis and Egyptian revolution for democracy! A social movement can look like and be called many things. Whatever their appearance or name, the goal of all social movements is presumably the same: a change for the better. If this is indeed the ultimate objective of a social movement, it is well worth considering how successfully a movement achieves that objective. In the past ten years, several social movements have grabbed the world’s attention for the change they promised. Deemed successful for achieving their goal of change, though not necessarily change for the better, further evaluations have been sparsely performed. However, in judging social movements, what happens is shaped to a greater degree by the media, specifically. We shall look at modern day Egypt and Ukraine in our analysis. The effect of social media—and the Internet more generally—in both sets of protests is undeniable yet also distracting. Like most historic events, these protests and revolutions were in part possible due to a new technology. Flipping through the pages of history we see that The Reformation in Europe was aided by the invention of the printing press; the revolutions of 1848 occurred in some respect thanks to the invention of the telegraph which transmitted news across Europe of one set of protests overnight; the age of modern terrorism, from...
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...Why and What Do We Compare? The Story of Revolution and Democratization Mehrzad Boroujerdi, Syracuse University Introduction The field of comparative politics starts with the assumption that knowledge in the social sciences must proceed by way of the search for comparisons, or what has been called "suggestive contrasts." Scholars of comparative politics compare in order to discover similarities and explain differences. As infrequent and highly complex events, revolutions have attracted a great deal of attention from comparativists. In this article, we will address the following topics: • The Concept of Revolution • Why Revolutions Happen? • Can Revolutions be Predicted? • What Do Revolutions Accomplish? • What Are some of the Failures of Revolutions? • Comparing Characteristics and Outcomes of Some Revolutions • Questions The Concept of Revolution: According to the American philosopher Richard Rorty "revolution," like such other words as "reason," "democracy," and "socialism" is a "thick word" which can be contrasted with such "thin words" as truth, dialogue, and justice. How do we define a "revolution?" How are revolutions distinct from other forms of political change such as Coup d'état, rebellion, mutiny, insurrection, or uprising? All of the above nouns may denote acts of violence aimed at changing or overthrowing an existing order or authority. However, there are important legal and political differences among them as well. ...
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...9. In 1215, King John of England would sign the Magna Carta, which stated “No taxation without representation” as one of its clauses. This mantra would be used during the American Revolution. 10. The Magna Carta also stated that no king was above the law. Two English kings, James I and Charles I, ignored laws and imprisoned people for no reason. These kings would cause the people to revolt (English Civil War) 11. In 1460, Johannes Gutenberg perfected the printing press with his movable type printing. In 1517, the printing press would allow Martin Luthers’ 95 Theses to spread all across Europe. 12. After the Great Schism in 1378, people’s faith in the church was shaken. This weakening in faith would allow more secular ideas to spread during the Renaissance. 13. Erasmus’ “In Praise of Folly” criticized many church practices. This work would inspire Martin Luther to write his 95 theses in 1517. 14. In 1588, the English navy destroyed the Spanish armada, establishing England as the dominant naval power. In 1862, during the American Civil War, the battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack took place. These were ironclad warships, ships plated with metal armor. A single ironclad could take down a whole fleet of wooden ships, making all other navies in the world obsolete. 15. In 476 AD, Rome would fall. What also fell with them were toilets that could flush. These did not reappear until 1875. 16. In 1521, Ferdinand Magellan would be the first person to circumnavigate the Earth. However...
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...History Essay: How far was there political and economic reform during the period 1881-1914? (30 Marks) The years in Russia between 1881 and 1914 were a time of great instability and unrest. Political assassinations were common place and military defeat was normal. Furthermore, Russia was an economically backward country – its industry was based solely around agriculture which itself was outdated and not modern. Russia wanted to become a great power like Britain, to do this it would have to be able to deal with these problems and would be essential for the survival of the Tsarist system. In 1881 Russia was a very diverse country, there were many different cultures and languages spoken and 80% of the population were peasants. Alexander III unexpectedly came to the throne in 1881 on the assassination of Alexander II. Alexander III was under no illusion that he could suffer the same fate as his father. He introduced repression of opponents as the corner stone of his reign. Alexander had three main beliefs: Repression of opponents, undoing the reforms of his father and to restore Russia’s position internationally and also her national identity, which he believed had been diluted throughout the 19th century. These were labelled ‘Russification’ and they came into being immediately he was crowned tsar in 1881. The primary aspect of Russification was to rid Russia of western ideas that Alexander III believed had weakened the nation and reduced its national identity. So, there was some...
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...Peace, Land, and Bread The Bolsheviks’ Rise to Power in Revolutionary Russia In January of 1917, Vladimir Lenin said that he did not believe that he would not live to see a socialist revolution. Indeed, Russia appeared to be comfortably transitioning in bourgeois democracy. Progressive leaders, Pavel Miliukov and Prince Lvov were taking control of the State Duma, both Leon Trotsky and Lenin were in exile, and their Bolshevik Party’s following had been decimated by conscription. Yet by the closing of that very year, the Bolshevik Party had taken control of Russia and transformed the country into the world’s first communist state, with a very much alive Lenin at its helm. In addition to seizing power against all odds, the Bolshevik apparatus succeeded in crushing its rivals in the following years and created a regime that would survive a global depression, genocide, a world war, and a bitter half-century arms race with a world superpower. The Bolshevik Party’s ascension to power was enabled by a number of factors which coincided to create a ‘perfect storm.’ Disunity amongst the Bolsheviks’ adversaries contributed to a lack of opposition. Russia’s wartime economy proved to be a major inciter of unrest in both the urban and rural populace. Aid, both intentional and unintentional, from foreign powers bolstered the Bolsheviks’ position. And of course a sizeable amount of luck cannot go without credit. But the deciding factor, which is apparent before, during and after...
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...University of Phoenix Material French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet 1. Essay Explain, in 1,050 to 1,400 words, how the following ideas and ideals influenced the events and motivated the participants in the French Revolution: • Liberty • Equality • Brotherhood • Hubris • Fiscal irresponsibility • Democracy • Technology Please see bottom of paper for essay 2. Napoleonic Timeline For each date and location, identify the significant event that occurred and write a single-sentence description of the event. |August 15, 1769 |Napoleon Bonaparte is born in Ajaccio, Corsica. | |Ajaccio, Corsica | | |July 4, 1776 |The 13 original colonies met in Philadelphia to sign the Declaration of Independence, | | |declaring themselves free of British rule and taxation." | |Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | | |July 14, 1789 |Citizens of Paris started the French Revolution by storming the Bastille prison and | | ...
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...Was the demise of the Soviet Union caused principally by American policies or growing domestic unrest across the Eastern bloc? Student Name: XIANG MA Student ID Number: 2112688 Module Code: V12153 Module Title: The Contemporary World since 1945 Module Convenor: Sarah Browne At the end of 1991, the Soviet Union, the world’s first socialist country with the largest territorial area suddenly disintegrated without any war and foreign invasion, which was one of the most important global events in the 20th century and it shocked the world to a huge extent[1].Since then, there have been heated debates and discussion about what caused the demise of the Soviet Union. Some scholars think that internal factors such as social crisis and growing domestic unrest led to the end of the Soviet Union while others believe external factors like the policies of the US and Western Europe resulted in the end of the Soviet Union. This essay strongly agrees that the demise of the Soviet Union was caused principally by growing domestic unrest across the Eastern bloc rather than American policies. The Soviet Union was a multi-ethnic country built on the ruins of the Czarist Russia characterized by its nation. The ethnic issue of the Soviet Union was longstanding. During the history of more than 370 years starting from Moscow Grand Duke Ivan IV declared him to be Czar and established the Czarist Russia in 1547 until the Czarist Russia was overthrown in 1917, the Czarist...
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...Comparative Essay - Ansooooonnn The two satirical texts ‘Animal Farm’ written by George Orwell and ‘The Trials of Brother Jero’ by Wole Soyinka both possess similarities and contrasts relating to certain concepts. A certain concept that can be investigated is how the texts mock society through the employment of literary techniques. The literary techniques portrayed throughout irony link to the mockery within the two texts. Satire is the use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, or the like, in exposing, denouncing or deriding human folly. ‘Animal Farm’ and ‘The Trials of Brother Jero’ both satirize a concept of society. ‘Animal Farm’ satirizes the corruption of Communist power during the Russian Revolution whilst the ‘The Trials of Brother Jero’ satirizes the Religion in the modern Nigerian Society. Irony is a component of satire and the literary techniques found in both texts can affect the meaning of the texts. There are different types of irony found in both texts. The irony in ‘Animal Farm’ is found in chapter 3, page 23. The pigs take the milk and apples away from the other animals for their own needs and manipulate them to believe that it is for their ‘own good.’ A literary technique included in this irony is diction. In Squealer’s speech to the animals discussing that the milk and apples contain ‘the necessary substances to the well-being of a pig’, he claims that ‘it has been proven by science.’ The use of diction by claiming that it has been ‘proven by science’ can manipulate...
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...A veil is an article of clothing or cloth hanging that is intended to cover some part of the head or face, or an object of some significance. It is especially associated with women and sacred objects. One view is that as a religious item, it is intended to show honor to an object or space. The actual sociocultural, psychological, and sociosexual functions of veils have not been studied extensively but most likely include the maintenance of social distance and the communication of social status and cultural identity.[1][2] In Islamic society, various forms of the veil have been adopted from the Arab culture in which Islam arose The first recorded instance of veiling for women is recorded in an Assyrian legal text from the 13th century BC, which restricted its use to noble women and forbade prostitutes and common women from adopting it.[citation needed] The Mycenaean Greek term a-pu-ko-wo-ko meaning "craftsman of horse veil" written in Linear B syllabic script is also attested since ca. 1300 BC.[3][4] In ancient Greek the word for veil was "καλύπτρα" (kaluptra, Ionic Greek "καλύπτρη" - kaluptrē, from the verb "καλύπτω" - kaluptō, "I cover"[5]) and is first attested in the works of Homer.[6][7] Classical Greek and Hellenistic statues sometimes depict Greek women with both their head and face covered by a veil. Caroline Galt and Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones have both argued from such representations and literary references that it was commonplace for women (at least those of higher...
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...History essay How far was the Communist government of Lenin from 1917 - 1921 a government of the people? Communism first occurred in Russia in 1917 due to Karl Marx’s vision of communism which was for the government could decide how much is made and what things in the country cost, everyone will be equal, education will be free to all, everyone will own everything(there will no longer be private property and farms will be collective ownership so will everything else, no more religion they believed that it distracted people from the “proper communism” beliefs and wanting people to concentrate on the country, everyone will work to their strengths. Many people believe it was the worst thing to happen to Russia, Robert V Daniels believes it was a stroke of accident and that it was the wrong thing to occur. Lenin began to push for a revolution, during 1917 he attempted an uprising in April and July, he led a successful revolution in October 1917, Lenin led the bolshieks which were the people that supported him and were opposed by the menshelkis. In Lenin’s early government he formed the government so no one could be an outside, he put into place three decrees, decree on land in October 1917 which meant that peasants were given the power the right to seize land from the nobility and the church, this is a pro and con it portrayed that they government were against religion which caused up road with religious people and the church but couldn’t speak out due to the red army which...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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...conflict in colonial lands for control over resources b) Nationalism i) Pride in one’s nation, want one’s nation to be the best and most powerful ii) Fostered conflict as nations competed to be the best iii) Justified imperialism, militarism iv) Caused disruptions in multi-ethnic nations (Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire); rebellions, revolts against foreign rule c) Militarism i) Build up of a country’s military; keeping a large standing army ii) Nations expanded their militaries as a show of power iii) Arms race: each nation needed to have a standing army because their neighbors had standing armies d) Alliances i) Bismarck: German chancellor behind alliance system in Europe ii) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy allied; France, Great Britain, Russia allied 2) Events a) Assassination of Archduke Frantz Ferdinand: Serbian terrorists kill the Austrian duke and his wife as they honeymooned in Sarajevo i) Austria demands Serbian submission ii) Russia offers to back Serbians in defying Austrians iii) Austria and Germany declare war on Serbia and Russia (along with Russia’s allies) b) Schlieffen Plan i) Germany knows Russia will take longer to mobilize, so plans to attack France first and then loop back through Germany to meet Russian troops ii) Germany begins invasion by first cutting through Netherlands and Belgium iii) Great Britain outraged at Germany’s attack on neutral nations, begins to mobilize for war iv) Conquest of Belgium takes longer than planned, by the time...
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