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Lindisfarne
Plan for timen: 1. Læs side 25 – 36 i pdf ”vikingetogterne” og besvar:
A. Hvorfor er angrebet på Lindisfarne så ofte omtalt?
Fordi det er sådan Vikingetiden begynder i den traditionelle udlægning; med en brutal plyndring. Der flere kilder, der beretter om plyndringen. Dette sendte chokbølger gennem den lærde, kristne verden: Hedningerne respekterede ikke kirker og klostre → Alcuins mente at angrebet var Guds straf.

Grunde til at angrebet er så kendt:
Fordi dette siges at være begyndelsen på Vikingetiden
Særlige kilder → Alcuins (leder af Kejser den Stores hofskole i Aachen) breve til engelske konger og gejstlige

Lindisfarne var en del af et nyt mønster: egentlige hære, der indgår i slag med lokale konger.

B. Hvorfor tager vikingerne på togter?
Nogle mener at det lå i mændenes natur, at tage på eventyr.
(OBS! Svaret nedenfor er ikke fundet i den tilsendte pdf filen)
Der er mange forskellige bud på hvorfor, dog ikke én sandhed: sult → engelske munke mener ikke at det kunne være sult som var årsagen, eftersom de så ville have været for udmagrede til at kunne besejre englænderne. overbefolkning Fordi de var blodtørstige barbarer, der bedre kunne lide at plyndre og sejle end at passe en gård.
For at få mere frihed
Det kunne også være købmænd som handlede med fremmede → En stor købmand gik aldrig glip af chancen for at overfalde et andet handelsskib og derved forøge lasten.
Vikingerne tog også på togter for at vise deres magt og for at vinde mere land

C. Var vikingerne ude på handel, plyndring eller politiske ærinder?
Det ligger i vikingernes natur at forhandle og plyndre også selvom de ikke længere havde den mytologisk trosretning.
De begyndte omkring år 800, fordi der formodentligt har opstået en mulighed.

I 1800 begyndte man at dyrke vikingerne og dette ses i Niels Baches “Nordens Historie” fra 1886. ex: “de var gennemgående et handlende og et krigerisk folkefærd.

Vikingernes overlegne og moderne skibskonstruktioner er blevet hovedforklaringen på vikingetogternes oprindelse.

Forklaringer af Niels Baches:
At norden omkring år 800 var overbefolket, og at der i Norden på det tidspunkt var stigende utilfredshed med de politiske og religiøse forandringer, der foregik.
Anden forklaring:

D. Hvad er Danelagen?
Fra PDF:

(Ikke fra pdf, men fra wiki)
Danelagen er navnet på det område, som den danske konge Guthrum beholdte ved fredsaftalen i Wedmore i 878. Før fredsaftalen var konge Guthrum konge over størstedelen af England.
Mange af de krigere, som havde deltaget i slagene mod Englænderne, bosatte sig i Danelagen og i stedet for at plyndre begyndte de at opstarte handel og landbrug. Vikingerne fik så stor kontrol over Danelagen, at de navngav gårde, landsbyer og egne på skandinaviske sprog (nogle navne eksisterer stadig i dag)
I dag refererer nogle historikere til Danelagen som “det skandinaviske England”,

England efter år 886. Det blå område er Danelagen

E. Hvad tyder stednavnene Engum, Hedensted, Stouby og Oens på?
De ældste landsbynavne ender på -um (-inge,-lev,-else) og -sted hvoraf -um,-inge og -sted er fællesgermanske typer.
Fælles for typerne er, at man ikke rigtig ved, hvad de betyder, men man er enige om, at de er meget gamle, og de er alle gået af brug inden vikingetiden. Endvidere er det også fælles,at det ofte drejer sig om store, centrale landsbyer, som senere blev kirkebyer.

Endelsen -sted betegner en boplads og kendes fra mange germanske områder. Den kan ifølge nogle stednavneforskere have været i brug så sent som i tidlig vikingetid.
Endelsen -by betegner et bosted og kan både bruges om en enkeltgård og om en landsby.

2. Læs tekst 3 i pdf og besvar:
A. Hvordan forklarer kilden vikingetogter? Per Hernæs ser togterne som en politisk reaktion mod især frankernes og Karl den Stores forsøg på udvidere deres magtbase til Sydskandinavien.
Det var samtidigt også et forsøg på at angribe kristendommen, i forsvar for deres egen religion.

B. Hvorfor blev netop Lindisfarne angrebet?
Man måtte vælge et mål, som var prestigetungt nok til, at meldingen om angrebet ville nå frem til Karl den Store
Det var ment som et anslag mod kristendommen
Angrebet ville også været et angreb mod Alcuin personligt
Der ville være mange skatter der, da der var så meget respekt omkring kirkelige anlæg at de ansås for at være sikre.

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