...‘new’ ‘dangerous’ and ‘violent’ female offender • The for and against argument • Assess all evidence • Decide which opinions, theories, models are preferable INTRODUCTOIN Research conducted for the national commission on the causes and prevention of violence, ward et al asked ‘are women more aggressive in committing violent crimes today than in the past? Women were viewed as gatekeepers of social morality and the common fear is that women are changing. Ward and his colleagues relied on to document the nature of women ‘violent offences. They have examined whether and how the characteristics and crimes of incarcerated female offenders have changed. This essay also seek to explain the patterns of stability and change over the last third of the 20th century in women’s crimes of violence and the moral panics that explain violent criminality by women. Although boys engage in more delinquent and criminal acts than do girls, female delinquency is on the rise. In 1980, boys were four times as likely as girls to be arrested; today they are only twice as likely to be arrested. In this article, Elizabeth Cauffman explores how the juvenile justice system is and should be responding to the adolescent female offender Reasons why there is less research on female criminality? Smart (1976) stated that throughout history female violence or crime have has been neglected` in criminology theories. The studies show that females were documented to commit less crime, which resulted female...
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...Responsible Gun Owners are losing their Rights Ryan T. Kennedy COM/172 November 20, 2013 Oleah Morris Responsible Gun Owners are losing their Rights The gun violence of today in many opinions, is worse than what it was in the “Wild West.” A major contributor, is the actions and crimes of criminals with illegally obtained firearms. Crimes committed with illegally obtained firearms such as robberies, gang shootings, and even murder. The firearm subject has been at the top of several political debates in recent times. This is mostly because of several school tragedies involving innocent children, which have taken place over the last two and a half decades. Some individuals believe that more crime will be prevented, if more law-abiding citizens were armed. Others believe that stronger gun laws are needed. The thesis is, Americans are losing their Second Amendment rights because of criminals with illegally obtained firearms. Has the nation forgotten about the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights, or does this country only care about the first and fifth amendments? The general census is anti-gun activists and the U.S. Government need to put the blame where it belongs, and stop punishing law-abiding citizens. The History of Firearms and the Crimes Committed Many believe it was Leonardo DiVinci who invented the firearm. The fact is, “the first firearm in the world was invented in 13th century China when the man made portable fire lance (a bamboo or metal tube that...
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...SOCI 2450 A Prof. Darryl T. Davies Bill C-10: Issues of Interest Nidhal Abubakar 100896803 Bill C-10: Issues of Interest Nidhal Abubakar 100896803 2015 2015 There are many issues surrounding the content of Bill C-10. This essay will examine issues that affect the criminal code and provide evidence that the Bill is not progressive for Canada to deal with crime and the judicial process. By looking at the issues such as mandatory minimum sentences and the proposition of the bill we will look at the challenges that will be faced and met. The bill also introduces eliminating conditional sentences and eliminates double credit for time already served as well as introduces changes to the Youth Criminal Justice Act to impose harsher sentences for young offenders. This essay will delve into information that will bring the various issues to light. Firstly an explanation of Bill C-10 will be provided to understand what changes will be made to the Criminal code and who it affects. The dissection of the Bill will open the dialogue for this essay for appropriating topical issues with the concept of progress in a manner that reflects the trouble that this Bill brings to Canadian society. Bill C-10 was introduced by the Minister of Justice on the 20th of September 2011. The Act includes the enactment of the Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act and amendments to the State Immunity Act, the Criminal Code, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, the...
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...the correctional system, as well as the philosophy. Additionally, career opportunities and qualifying requirements, terminology and constitutional limitations of the system will also be covered. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Discussion Questions Additional discussion question points are allotted for Online, FlexNet®, and Directed Study classes. Course Materials Schmallager, F. (2009). Criminal justice today (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ....
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...Texas Death Penalty – Deterrent or Not Extra Credit Essay GOVT 2306-21402 Autherene E. Webster November 26, 2013 Throughout the history of time the death penalty has always been a hotly debated topic. At one point every state in the nation banned it through a federal mandate but later dismantled the ban and state by state began bringing it back. The state of Texas is well known for being the state which has executed more people than anyone in the history of the nation. Texas, known for its penchant for enforcing laws and carrying out sentences has long since had the reputation for executions that are done more swiftly and more often than anywhere else in the nation. When the nation reinstated the death penalty in 1976 each state determined whether or not they wanted to reinstate it. Since its reinstatement there have been 1335 executions. The state of Texas was responsible for 507 of those executions. Prior to 1976 the death penalty had been made illegal in every state. The 1972 United States Supreme Court banned death penalty executions because it felt there had been many years of racial bias and other procedural faults within the capital punishment system (Nolen 2000). Interestingly enough, that is still the feeling surrounding death penalty executions today. The punishment was banned until 1976, when the court ruled that applying capital punishment to first degree murder was not a violation of...
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...Smith University of Tennessee Abstract For years, concerned citizens, policy makers and parents have thought that violence in the media and now violent video games are one of the main contributing factors to aggressive and violent behavior in some of our society’s teenagers. Past studies have indicated a link between these video games and aggressive behavior. Yet, as video games sales sore to new heights, violent crime committed by our youth is decreasing. Empirical evidence along with some recent studies shows that there is not a link between the two. It is more likely that aggressive teenagers are drawn to violent video games than violent video games are causing teenagers to be aggressive. Bad Behavior cannot be Blamed on Video Games How times have changed. Imagine coming home from work on a Friday evening after a very long week to the sounds of boys wrestling in your living room. They are screaming and yelling at the top of their lungs, all at the same time. You hear things like “hit him”, “watch out”, “get over here”, “jump on him” and “get him”. You quickly make your way to the living room to see five nearly motionless teenagers wearing headsets and microphones. Two of them are sitting on the couch with their laptops on the coffee table. One is in the far corner in a rocking chair using a TV tray. The last two are set up of the card table pulled from the hall closet using chairs from the dining...
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...Social Work: Juvenile Delinquency In the last twenty years, juvenile crime is at its lowest point. It has decreased 36% since 1996 (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention). With this change in crime rate, it can be assumed that the prevention of juvenile delinquency has been a great asset to our country, and leads into the profession of social workers role in juvenile delinquency. An overview of this field requires a social worker to be knowledgeable with criminal law, principles and education that can be gained from experience, familiarity with laws and practices, and awareness of environmental contributors. The social worker must be prepared to work in a variety of settings, and with other professions that contribute to cases. Overview of Social Problem The Social Work Dictionary states that juvenile delinquency is seen as a person under the age of 18 (some jurisdictions go by 21) that have been involved in criminal activity (juvenile delinquency, 2003). In 2002, juvenile delinquency was at its lowest point in the last two decades. Despite the statistics, most people believe that juvenile crime continues to rise. The media plays a great part in this problem because when a violent crime involves young offenders, the media has excessive coverage on situation. The average age of delinquents continue to be younger and younger. Even though juvenile crime has decreased, but serious violent crime rate for boys and girls are excessively high (McWhirter et al, 2007)...
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...becoming more violent as the years progress? Word Count: 1693 Wiley 2 Table of contents Page 1…………………………………………………………………..…... Cover page Page 2……………………………………………………………………….Table of Contents Page 3……………………………………………………………………….Plan of Investigation Page 4-5…………………………………………………………………….Summary of Evidence Page 6-7……………………………………………………………….…....Evaluation of Sources Page 7-8……………………………………………………………….…….Analysis Page 9………………………………………………………………………..Conclusion Page 10…………………………………………………………………….....Bibliography Wiley 3 Section A: Plan Of Investigation Over the past years, The Englewood area of Chicago has accelerated as far as its crime rate....
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...and employment. That area was already afflicted with gangs and crimes. For the local population of Mexican-Americans, this was the most unwelcome development. The combustible youth immigrants from Salvador took the problem of their survival in response to the victimization at the hands of local gangs, as a serious challenge and formed a new gang by name Mara Salvatrucha, popularly known as MS-13. “Las-Mara” is a notorious street gang that engages in violent crimes in El Salvador. Salvatruchas, refers to the members of the political entity, styled Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front. This is a group of Peasants from Salvador, trained in guerilla warfare. The number 13 refers to the California prison gang, the Mexican Mafia. A youth facing the unemployment problem, not getting support from the government and the society, when he is constantly nagged, abused, condemned and ostracized by the society, turns into a viler and bitter individual. With no authority to show heartfelt care and concern, and an understanding approach to the problems of teeming millions of refugees, the frustrated immigrant youth formed a new gang and began to engage in violent criminal acts. The founding members of the gang were guerilla warfare experts. The training and sophistication they provided to the new recruits was more advanced as compared to their rivals. The new gang topped the list of gangs that have been engaging in violent criminal activities of all sorts. The initiation procedures...
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...“The influence of Academic education on crime rate within South Asia” Abstract This paper illustrates effects of academic education on the crime ratio prevailing in the country. We present realistic influences between crime and education in South Asian countries and specifically in Pakistan, using various data sources. A solid conclusion is that criminal activity is negatively related with higher levels of education in Pakistan. Therefore, we categorize the outcome of education on influence in criminal activity using fluctuations in required school leaving age laws over time to understanding for the endogeneity of education. In this fundamental approach, for property crimes, the negative crime-education relationship remains strong and significant. The consequences of these findings are explicit and perfect. They indicate that refining education can yield major...
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...recreational uses. Due to the multiple conflicting arguments for and against the owning of guns many turn to powers above themselves such as the government to regulate gun use. When a cause that is so vast in the distance between its’ opposing sides we must ponder, does legislation for or against gun control really obtain its intended effect. In a literal sense, gun control and legislation does not have enough effect on overall crime rate to be the number one focus in the reduction of crime. The debate on gun control is an ongoing battle which has continued to span many decades. Some feel they need more gun laws to protect us while others feel that they need more guns in our possession to protect us. There has been very limited data available to determine whether gun laws or guns themselves that positively impact crime statistics. There is a school of thought that states that have passed conceal to carry laws would lower crime rates. Over the last twenty years there have been 10 states to pass new CCW laws. Oddly enough the intended overall impact of CCW laws has had very little effect on gun ownership. In a 2001 study by Mark Duggan takes an in-depth look at perceived fallacies regarding gun control and their effects. In regard to CCW laws and their effect Duggan states, “If the option to carry a firearm increased the perceived benefit associated with owning a gun, then one would expect to find an increase in the fraction of...
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...pertaining to public safety. Others, however, showing to be a health hazard are still allowed to remain on the market. This definition is according to Merriam-Webster.com. This paper will focus on the economics of cannabis and how by its decriminalization, or legalization, it can be a profitable commodity in the marketplace by the following. Providing an overview of cannabis and how political games have caused an unearned negative public opinion on the commodity. Listing arguments that support the claim that by legalizing this commodity not only crime rates in general, but violent crime rates, will drop noticeably if not substantially providing a savings in the cost of enforcing and prosecuting such crimes. And, that by decriminalization, the federal government can regulate this commodity much like alcohol and tobacco providing new sources of tax revenue. A History of Cannabis The best way to understand the public image that cannabis has today is by looking at how we understood it yesterday. Starting from the first piece of legislation in 1906 and coming to present day medicinal approval in a small portion of US states. This will hopefully address the questions of “Why the war on drugs?”, “Why this particular commodity a drug...
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...from committing crimes, just like there’s no way of stopping all crimes in adults. The purpose of trying juveniles in a separate system is to provide them with education and rehabilitation in hopes they won’t continue the criminal behavior as an adult. Statistics and studies in the last decade have proven that there are many successful ways of preventing crimes in our youth, and it not only involves parents but mentors in our schools and communities. A 2008 study estimated that over 60% of children in the United States were exposed to violence, crime or abuse within that year. (Finkelhor, 2011) Regardless of whether it occurred in school, at home, or somewhere else, it just shows the huge effect that criminal behavior has on us at an early age. Although most of these crimes are surely not serious, juvenile offenders were known to be involved in 8% of all homicides in the United States in 2010. (OJJDP, 2012) It’s impossible to determine the motive of every single juvenile who commits a crime, just like it’s impossible to determine the motive of every adult. There are, however, many factors that may influence a juvenile to commit a crime. Studies show social and cultural factors play a big role when it comes to determining why juveniles commit crimes. Poverty might cause a child to steal food for his family, or cause someone to steal designer clothing in order to fit in. Physical or sexual abuse may cause a child to grow up aggressive and ultimately commit a crime. The purpose of...
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...(Facts and TV Statistics, 2011). Batman and Robin, for instance, use crime and violence to stop Mr. Freeze and Poison Ivy from taking over Gotham City. The children watching are dressing up at Halloween to pretend to be a villain. Who is to say that children are trying to reenact the Hero’s? Children approximately spend four hours a day watching television. Children are spending more time watching television than doing any other activity. According to research, violence on TV has influenced children to become more violent, but who is responsible? Eli Routh, director of Hostel says, “Kids that age have seen enough TV and real-life violence by then that they understand the difference.” Eli Routh is an actor and is out to make money. Children do not know the difference unless the authorities teach them the difference. Child development is the most important part of a child’s life. “The first two years of life are considered a critical time for brain development”. (The Nemours Foundation, 2011). The four hours of television that was indicated in the above paragraph does not include other activities on a screen. Children also use computers and videos or DVDs not included in the four hours. Different studies have shown that TV can cause obesity, alcohol use, drug abuse, smoking, and aggressive behaviors (Regents of the University of Michigan, 2011). Throughout my research, I decided to do a poll on Facebook to see what others thought about this topic. Most of the subjects...
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...and Violent Behavior 10 (2004) 99 – 128 Does viewing violent media really cause criminal violence? A methodological review Joanne Savage* Department of Justice, Law and Society, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016-8043, USA Received 9 September 2002; received in revised form 26 October 2003; accepted 30 October 2003 Abstract The topic of media violence has been the subject of heated debate in recent decades. There is a vast empirical literature on the effects of television on aggression but no published comprehensive review has ever focused on those studies that use criminal aggression as their outcome. The present paper represents an attempt to fill this void and provide a resource for those who do not wish to delve into four decades of original research in order to assess this line of investigation. Studies are evaluated based on contemporary standards of research in the field of criminology. Although the possibility that television and film violence has an impact on violent criminality remains, it is concluded here that, despite persistent published reviews that state the contrary, the body of published, empirical evidence on this topic does not establish that viewing violent portrayals causes crime. D 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Television violence; Media violence; Violent crime 1. Introduction A vast empirical literature on the impact of television exposure on aggression has accrued over the last four...
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