...NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES WASTE TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY (WTEE) TECHNOLOGY GENERATING WEALTH FROM GARBAGE CONTENTS 1. RESOURCE RECOVERY 2. PROCESSED SOLID WASTE COMBUSTION a. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - PROCESSES b. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - PREPARATION c. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - CLASSIFICATION d. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - CHARACTERSTICS e. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - HIGHLIGHTS 3. WTEE – SOCIO ECONOMIC PROJECT 4. DEVELOPMENT & FUTURE OF WTEE 5. CONCLUSION 6.BIBLIOGRAPHY What happened on May, 2004 in Mumbai? Due to failure of local grid. The business capital of India jammed for hours. Being largest railway network city, even the locals also stick to tracks. This incident shows the human connection with electricity. Electrical energy is an essential ingredient for all activities, as well as the lifeblood of economies throughout the world. It plays a vital role for economic growth and quality life improvements: with the increase in population of the world. The demand for power has gradually increased. Hence the burden on the countries, especially developing countries like India have increased to meet the demands in the present day. Most of the demands are met by conventional sources such as fossil fuels, hydal, nuclear power etc. The use of these sources have not only resulted in their depletion. But also increased the population. Hence there is a great need for improving technology in the use of non-conventional...
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...Social entrepreneurship through forest bio residue briquetting Contents 1. The social problem and the opportunity 4 2. Mission, vision and values 7 3. Our solution (strategy and business model) 9 4. The entrepreneurial team 15 5. Human resources 16 6. Context 18 7. Scaling strategy 20 8. Impact measurement 22 9. Risks 25 10. Financial Plan 28 Bibliography 29 Figure 1. Exposure of the population to natural disasters 4 Figure 2. Lean canvas 8 Figure 3. Manually operated briquetting machine 11 Figure 4. Crushing option 12 0. Business plan summary This section should briefly present the main ideas of the following sections and thus should resemble an elevator speech. Accordingly, it has to be written last, after all the details of the business have been established. Length of section: 0.5-1 page 1. The social problem and the opportunity Most of the time Romania ranks last in sectors like education, health and sustainable development among European countries. But when it comes to antagonistic areas, the situation changes abruptly: Romania occupying the fourth place among the European countries threatened by natural disasters like drought, floods and landslide. In 2012 Institute for Environment and Human Security of the UN launched the World Risk Report which focused on environmental degradation and disasters. According to the study, Romania features an average risk. The report underlined the following aspect: “The risk...
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...Zimmermann MSc PrograMMeS in engineering Materials Technology (eeigM) Luleå University of Technology Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering Division of Material Mechanics 2007:224 CIV • ISSN: 1402 - 1617 • ISRN: LTU - EX - - 07/224 - - SE Summary: For the fabrication of iron ore pellets at LKAB (Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB), one of the methods used is to sinter the pellets in a rotary kiln. This Kiln has a drift temperature of 1250°C in average. During this process a coating, causing the wear of the refractories materials, is formed, inducing expensive maintenance periods. The aim of this work is to find the reaction that takes place between the Slag and the bricks, in order to find the parameters that have to be changed to improve the bricks lifetime in the kiln. The use of bricks with higher alumina content is one of the solutions, but it is expensive. The influence of Alkalis and especially Na2O has been studied before in inert atmosphere. In this work it will be studied in air as well as the influence of the alumina content of the brick. Experiments were performed in air atmosphere, using powder samples that have been compressed into pellets. The devices used to characterize the reaction and the product of the reaction were: Kanthal furnace, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dilatometer, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC/TG) in-situ mass spectrometer, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The...
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...Introduction Control systems are an integral part of the nuclear reactor and without the implementation of an effective control system along with constant monitoring and maintenance catastrophic accidents will occur. This report will introduce the important control systems found in many of the most common nuclear reactors along with an explanation on how they work and how they're implemented. First we must go back into the histories to gain a better understanding of why these control systems are so important and consequences that resulted when control systems are not implements or not used properly. History To know the history of nuclear power plants, one must first understand what a nuclear power plant is. A nuclear power plant is very similar to that of any other steam-electric power plant, in that water is heated and the steam from the water turns turbines, thus creating electricity. The major difference is how the power plant generates heat. The source of the heat from nuclear power plants comes from nuclear fission, rather than from coal, oil or gas. In 1934, a physicist by the name of Enrico Fermi conducted the first experiments that resulted in the splitting of atoms. (“The history of nuclear energy,”pg4) He then proceeded to contact a few other scientist he knew to confirm his results before publishing, among these was Lise Meitner in Copenhagen, who was the one that decided to use Einstein’s theory of relativity to prove the results. Not only did...
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...Introduction The profound importance for microorganisms to operate at a maximum efficiency has lead to adaptations allowing for groups of processes to be functional when resources are available, while on the contrary remaining “dormant” when not in need. This has been accomplished at the molecular level by configuring clusters of genes together on the genome into operons that elicit a processive response in the presence of a specific metabolite. The Lac operon is responsible for the cleaving of the disaccharide lactose into two products. A myriad of components control the expression of the Lac operon when two conditions are met. First, the substrate, lactose, must be present. Second, no better substrate for example, glucose, is present (2). The three structural genes in the Lac operon are lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene lacZ encodes the tetramer, ß-galactosidase, which is responsible for hydrolyzing the ß-1,4 glycosidic linkage between galactose and glucose in lactose. The transport of lactose into the cell via the enzyme lactose permease is encoded by the gene lacY. The lacA gene encodes the enzyme, galactoside transacetylase, a trimer that transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to galactosides. Activation of these genes is dependent on the activity of a promoter and three operators based on the nutritional and environmental conditions available to the cell. The lac operon is a negatively controlled inducible operon that utilizes the product of the regulator gene lacI, to...
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...CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND This chapter presents the background of the study, problem and its significance, and the scope and delimitation of the study. Using a Banana Fiber in Paper Making makes a lot of difference in our society because it can help us grow our economic status. By just a Banana Fiber you can make a lot of stuff like paper, but not an ordinary paper. Banana Fiber paper produces a good quality paper. INTRODUCTION Banana paper is used in two different senses: to refer to a paper made from the bark of the banana tree, mainly used for artistic purposes, or paper made from banana fiber, obtained from an industrialized process, from the stem and the non- utilizable fruits. This paper can be either hand-made or made by industrialized machine. Banana fiber is a natural fiber with high strength, which can be blended easily with cotton fiber or other synthetic fibers to produce blended fabric & textiles Banana Fiber also finds use in high quality security/ currency paper, packing cloth for agriculture produce, ships towing ropes, wet drilling cables etc. Our technology includes the scientific know-how, processes, machinery and equipment necessary to convert banana tree trunk into paper. The technology is unique and fits between the conventional pulp & paper technology and the lumber veneering and custom wood technologies. The raw material for making handmade paper could be cotton linter, tailor cuttings, hosiery waste, bast...
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...brewing process is filtration, and then carbonation. Next the beer is moved to a holding tank where it stays until it is bottled or kegged. For a more detailed description of the brewing process click "Continue." Barley Malt Barley malt is to beer as grapes are to wine. It is ideally suited to brewing for many reasons. Malted barley has a high complement of enzymes for converting its starch supply into simple sugars and contains protein, which is needed for yeast nutrition. Of course, one important element is its flavor. There are two types of barley: six-row and two-row. [pic] Pale Ale Malt Barley Malt Six-row Barley Malt Generally, six-row barley has a higher enzyme content, more protein, less starch, and a thicker husk than two-row barley. The higher level of diastatic enzymes makes six-row barley desirable for conversion of adjunct starches (those that lack enzymes) during mashing. On the down side, the higher protein content can result in greater break material (hot and cold), as well as possibly increased problems with haze in the finished beer. The husk is...
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...“Quitters Inc.” by Stephen King “Quitters Inc.” A Short Story by Stephen King from Night Shift, 1978 Mini-Reading Unit by Tracee Orman Practices reading comprehension, vocabulary, and figurative language. Quitters Inc. by Stephen King (published in Night Shift, 1978) Quitters Inc. Worksheet ©2008, T. Orman “Quitters Inc.” by Stephen King NOTE to TEACHER: This short story is appropriate for high school students (grades 10-12). It contains strong language that may not be appropriate for all students, so please use your own discretion. I use the movie “Cat’s Eye” as a companion to this story because the first story in the movie is based on “Quitters Inc.” Two differences: Dick Morrison’s son is a daughter in the movie (played by Drew Barrymore) and a cat is used for the “rabbit room.” We also read “The Contents of the Dead Man’s Pocket” by Jack Finney. If you choose to show the entire movie “Cat’s Eye,” the second story is called “The Ledge.” It is not similar in theme, but you could talk about the similarities as characters from both must go out on a ledge of a tall building. “The Ledge” story (from King’s Night Shift collection) does contain profanity/ language. This document includes: • Vocabulary crossword for Quitters Inc. • Additional vocabulary exercises (can be used before, after, or during reading) • Vocabulary definitions organizer • Pre-reading anticipatory questions • Content comprehension questions • Post-reading...
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...1. Introdution:- When a car is speeding along at 50 Km per hour it has a tendency ('Inertia') to keep moving at the same speed and in the same direction unless some force acts on it. The car accelerates its occupants to its own speed so that they seem to be moving as a single unit. The inertia of the occupants is, however, independent of the inertia of the car. If the car were to crash into a tree, the force of the tree would bring the car to an abrupt halt. The speed of the occupants, however, would remain the same because of their independent inertia and they would bang into the steering wheel, the dashboard or the windshield. The force exerted by the steering wheel or the windshield would then bring the occupants to a stop but may in the process cause injury to vulnerable body parts such as the head and the face. Car manufacturers use 2 different restraint systems to help stop the occupants while doing as little damage to him or her as possible. The oldest one is the seatbelt that spreads this stopping force across sturdier parts of the body over a longer period of time to minimize damage. The air bag is the second and a more recently developed system that is used to deploying a rapidly inflating cushion in the space between the passenger and the steering wheel or dash board to prevent crash injuries. Fig1-Diagram of an airbag.[3] 2.History of Airbag:- The car manufactures has spent a great time in advancing car safety features. The airbag is one innovative safety...
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...Energy Chapter 13 Section 13-1 WHAT IS NET ENERGY AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? Basic science: Net energy is the only energy that really counts • The usable amount of high-quality energy available from a given quantity of an energy resource is its net energy yield: the total amount of useful energy available from an energy resource minus the energy needed to make it available to consumers. • We can express net energy as the ratio of energy produced to the energy used to produce it. As the ratio increases, the net energy also rises. When the ratio is less than 1, there is a net energy loss. Net energy ratios for various energy systems over their estimated lifetimes differ widely Fig. 13-2a, p. 301 Fig. 13-2b, p. 301 Fig. 13-2c, p. 301 Fig. 13-2d, p. 301 Energy resources with low or negative net energy need help to compete in the marketplace • Any energy resource with a low or negative net energy ratio cannot compete in the open marketplace with other energy alternatives with higher net energy ratios unless it receives financial support from the government (taxpayers) or other outside sources of funding. – For example, the low net energy yield for the nuclear power fuel cycle is one reason why many governments throughout the world must heavily support nuclear power financially to make it available to consumers at an affordable price. Section 13-2 WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL FUELS? Fossil fuels supply most of...
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...Edition: 1.1 February 2002 Distance Education Course ML–302.5 Marine Terminal Operations Unit 1 Marine Terminals The three lessons in this unit will cover the topics of: • the role and function of marine terminals • terminal development • operational planning • civil engineering aspects of terminal design. Module B: Certificate in Maritime Logistics Diploma in Shipping Logistics—Jamaica Maritime Institute 1−1 Unit 1: Marine terminals Marine Terminal Operations Unit 1 ...........Activities and expectations Agenda To complete this unit, you will: • Read and study the text in this unit and any assigned passages in the Student Reader. • Apply the information by performing the Activities • Test yourself by doing the Practice Exercises and checking your answers. Resources There is no textbook for this course. All the information you require is in this Study Guide. In addition, your Student Manual lists some books that you may wish to read to expand your knowledge. Learning outcomes When you have completed this unit you will be able to: • • Explain some of the considerations in equipment selection. • Discuss the needs for storage areas. • Discuss safety and emergency response considerations. • 1−2 Describe the role and functions of marine terminals. List the broad categories of studies that are needed in planning a new terminal. Module B: Certificate in Maritime Logistics (Course...
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...confusing or unclear of. • Why panic before exams because you can’t find this or that? Keep separate files for lecture, tutorial and practical. File up the respective notes systematically so that you do not lose them along the semester. • Do you expect the lecturer/ tutor to be available all the time to answer your questions? It is YOUR responsibility to take the initiative to clear your doubts or satisfy your curiosity to understand certain scientific phenomena by reading up on the relevant topics. A Based on a true story… A professor at the National University of Singapore recounts how on one occasion a student consulted him days before the exam. Student: Prof, could you explain this page to me please? Professor: What don’t you understand about this page? Student: EVERYTHING. Professor: But I already went through this during lecture. Student: Oh, I didn’t attend most of the lectures actually. As for the next page, could you explain this page to me please?... and this page too… and that too… Prof: I’m sorry, I can’t help you....
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...Table of Contents: FHSB 1214 FHSC 1214 Biology I Cell Biology Introduction Practical 1 Practical 1 Cell Biology Biological Studies I molecules I Practical 2 Practical 2 Cell Biology Biological Studies II molecules II Practical 3 Cell Biology Studies III Practical 4 Cell Biology Studies IV Practical 8 Cell Biology Studies VIII Practical 5 Cell Biology Studies V Practical 6 Cell Biology Studies VI Practical 7 Cell Biology Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages...
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...Table of Contents: FHSB 1214 FHSC 1214 Biology I Cell Biology Introduction Practical 1 Practical 1 Cell Biology Biological Studies I molecules I Practical 2 Practical 2 Cell Biology Biological Studies II molecules II Practical 3 Cell Biology Studies III Practical 4 Cell Biology Studies IV Practical 8 Cell Biology Studies VIII Practical 5 Cell Biology Studies V Practical 6 Cell Biology Studies VI Practical 7 Cell Biology Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages...
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...Answers to Conceptual Integrated Science End-of-Chapter Questions Chapter 1: About Science Answers to Chapter 1 Review Questions 1 The era of modern science in the 16th century was launched when Galileo Galilei revived the Copernican view of the heliocentric universe, using experiments to study nature’s behavior. 2 In Conceptual Integrated Science, we believe that focusing on math too early is a poor substitute forconcepts. 3 We mean that it must be capable of being proved wrong. 4 Nonscientific hypotheses may be perfectly reasonable; they are nonscientific only because they are not falsifiable—there is no test for possible wrongness. 5 Galileo showed the falseness of Aristotle’s claim with a single experiment—dropping heavy and lightobjects from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. 6 A scientific fact is something that competent observers can observe and agree to be true; a hypothesis is an explanation or answer that is capable of being proved wrong; a law is a hypothesis that has been tested over and over and not contradicted; a theory is a synthesis of facts and well-tested hypotheses. 7 In everyday speech, a theory is the same as a hypothesis—a statement that hasn’t been tested. 8 Theories grow stronger and more precise as they evolve to include new information. 9 The term supernatural literally means “above nature.” Science works within nature, not above it. 10 They rely on subjective personal experience and do not lead to testable hypotheses. They lie outside...
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