...Abstract The articles, “What is business ethics?” by Peter Drucker and “The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits” by Milton Friedman are about Business ethics and social responsibility to society at large. While both authors agree that we should have ethics in the business world, they argue that society holds corporations and ordinary individuals to different set of standards. Keywords: Social Responsibilities and Business Ethics In order to exam the assigned articles, it was important to understand the true definition of what is meant by social responsibility and business ethics to better understand whether Drucker and Friedman fully exploited ethics as we understand it in the business world today. Equally important was to examine the backgrounds of Milton Friedman and Peter Drucker. According to Wikipedia, Social responsibility is defined as an ethical ideology or theory that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act to benefit the society at large. According to Wikipedia, Business ethics (also known as corporate ethics) is defined as a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspect of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individual and business organizations as a whole. Based on Woopidoo “Milton Friedman (born July 31, 1912), won The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences...
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...The articles were: What is Business Ethics by Peter F. Drucker, 1981, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits by Milton Friedman, 1970 and The Relevance of Responsibility to Ethical Business Decisions by Patrick E. Murphy, 2010. Ethical Perspectives of Friedman, Drucker and Murphy Peter F. Drucker is known as the man who invented management. Drucker wrote many books on management and influenced the way business and industry thinks about management. “Peter F. Drucker was a writer, professor, management consultant and self-described ‘social ecologist,’ who explored the way human beings organize themselves and interact much the way an ecologist would observe and analyze the biological world (Drucker Institute, 2013).” Drucker’s paper from 1981, or 32 years ago, was trying to answer the same questions which today’s business society and government are trying to answer: What is business ethics/social responsibility and who is responsible for both? These are difficult questions to answer and questions which Drucker sets out to answer in Casuist, Ethics of Prudence and Confucianism. “Business ethics undoubtedly is a close parallel to casuistry. Its origin is political, as was that of casuistry. Its basic thesis, that ethics for the ruler, and especially for the business executive, has to express social responsibility is exactly the starting point of the Casuist. But if business ethics is casuistry, then...
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...Foundation of Ethics: Virtue and Values Evaluate Ethical Perspectives on Social Responsibility Submitted to Northcentral University DEFINING THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Depending on whom you ask, the concept of social responsibility may mean different things. However, within an organizational culture, social responsibility refers to ethical practices that benefit the greater society and simultaneously benefits the health of the organization. The concept of social responsibility is an ideology of ethical behavior that upholds that people and stakeholders should act in the interest of the greater collective good. Typically, social responsibility addresses the ethical obligations of organizations to sustain the law, while complying with environmental and social regulations that are sustainable for economic development. Stated simply, social responsibility is management’s interest in the welfare of the society in which it conducts business. It is a concept whose inception can be traced by to Peter Drucker, known as “The Father of Modern Management.” His realization that workers should be treated as a resource was ground breaking in the corporate world. Drucker defended the concept of proper corporate social responsibility to the point of turning a social problem into economic opportunity and productivity, while creating well paid jobs performed by competent people. William A. Cohen, a Drucker graduate and author of the article What Drucker Taught Us...
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...Ethical Perspectives: Friedman vs. Drucker, Murphy In this paper we will be comparing and contrasting ethical perspectives on business ethics of Milton Friedman, Patrick Murphy, and Peter Drucker. Their methods are drastically different, but the goal is to explain and better understand “business ethics” in today’s world. Milton Friedman “A corporation is an artificial person and in this sense may have artificial responsibilities, but ‘business’ as a whole cannot be said to have responsibilities, even in this vague sense.” (Friedman, 1970). M. Friedman believes that only the individual has social responsibilities. Business as an artificial entity cannot have “social conscience” and think of ethics before its interests or profits. According to Friedman, the primary responsibility of a businessman is to make happy the business owner with profits, and the primary task for the business owner is to make sure there are enough profits to: a. Sustain the business b. Have a stable growth c. Have the ability and means to compete on the market d. Keep happy the parties involved: customers, stockholders and investors. (Friedman, 1970). Furthermore, Friedman discusses the relationship between “social responsibilities of a business” and “socialism” and stresses the idea that if a business or a large corporation is forced to perform its “social responsibility”, example donate a large amount of money to social programs or local schools, business acts irresponsibly towards its:...
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...Copyright © 2013 by William A. Cohen. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-177863-3 MHID: 0-07-177863-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07177862-6, MHID: 0-07-177862-4. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at bulksales@mcgraw-hill.com. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute,...
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... A Class with Drucker The Lost Lessons of the World’s Greatest Management Teacher BY WILLIAM A. COHEN, PhD A M E R I C A N NEW YORK I M A N A G E M E N T I A S S O C I A T I O N I AT L A N TA I I B R U S SE L S I CHICAGO I MEXICO CITY I SAN FRANCISCO D. C. S H A N G H A I T O K Y O T O R O N T O W A S H I N G T O N, Special discounts on bulk quantities of AMACOM books are available to corporations, professional associations, and other organizations. For details, contact Special Sales Department, AMACOM, a division of American Management Association, 1601 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. Tel: 212-903-8316. Fax: 212903-8083. E-mail: specialsls@amanet.org Website: www.amacombooks.org/go/specialsales To view all AMACOM titles go to: www.amacombooks.org This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional service. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cohen, William A., 1937– A class with Drucker : the lost lessons of the world’s greatest management teacher by William A. Cohen. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-8144-0919-0 1. Management. 2. Executives—Training of. 3. Drucker, Peter F (Peter Ferdinand), . 1909-2005...
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...Ethical perspectives: Friedman vs. Drucker, Murphy North Central University Summary of Perspectives Peter F. Drucker In Drucker (1981), he takes us through a journey of evolution of Business Ethics and represents several controversial positions. While explaining the ethics in Western Culture he states that there was agreement on the following statement: “There are only one ethics, one set of rules of morality, one code, that of individual behavior in which the same rules apply to everyone alike” (Drucker, 1981, Page 19). He discusses the examples of "a poor mother", "nepotism in China" and "paid extortion" to articulated the impact of social, economical and cultural norms on implementing this on everyone. He considers practices of questionable morality under different circumstances as ethical. Casuistry (Drucker, 1981, Page 22) was the first attempt to think about social responsibility and embed it in a set of distinctive ethics for people in power. According to Drucker, ethics for people in social responsibility is a cross-benefit calculation involving demand of individual conscience and position. For then, demand of ethics can be excepted if actions result in benefit for other people. Drucker then moves on to introduce The Ethics of Prudence (Drucker, 1981, Page 27) as other major tradition in the West. He proposes that Ethics of Prudence appropriate to a society of organizations. Prudence, the consciousness not to do the wrong thing will enable the leader to exhibit...
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...| The Role Of Ethics in Business | | | | 1/16/2014 | | In this paper I will discuss the role of business ethics as it relates to business operations and the challenges of starting and maintaining an effective business ethics program. I will begin with Jennings' (2012) definition of ethics in business and its role from his perspective. I will then make comparisons with other authors' opinions for discussion, including Peter Drucker’s (1981) take on business ethics and Carr’s (Jennings, 2012) viewpoint as well. How business ethics' role relates to the notion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and ongoing challenges will also be discussed. I will conclude with my own comments on the relationship between personal and business ethics and my thoughts on how to start and maintain company ethical standards. Business Ethics And Its Role: Definitions and Discussion The concept of being ethical in business is a mercurial topic these days; given the expansive and rapid global reach of today's multimedia, it can take mere hours for a reputable business image to get tarnished because of one ethics-related incident. In his text, Jennings' definition of business ethics is "...not the study of what is legal but of the application of ethics to business decisions. (Jennings, 2012, p.45)" Many business leaders today focus on what is legally allowed--they are aware of the legal parameters within where they can operate, and simply execute their profit-driven...
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... | | | | | | | | Abstract Contained within are various aspects and strategies pertaining to ethics in business and the various roles and responsibilities key individuals involved must initiate to ensure that the assignment, task or project is accomplished not only within the determined timeframe and budgetary constraints but more important, the actions and interactions of all parties are not compromised nor violate any prescribed regulations. Furthermore, discussion is rendered pertaining to social responsibility within the business sector and its significance in determining growth and awareness of one’s business or company. Social Responsibility and Business Ethics Introduction In today’s society, people are constantly in a mad race to either develop and implement the next product or service that becomes the flagship item that everybody seeks possess or become that individual who possesses the latest technological advancements or branded items assisting in their daily ebb and flow operations. Such responsibilities - objectives and tasks - must be accomplished in a respectable manner whereupon the integrity...
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...Global Peter Drucker Challenge Essay Contest Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethics A Focus on MNCs Prepared by: Kidus G.Mehalu Addis Ababa, Ethiopia August 2011 Social Responsibility and Ethics of MNCs The 2nd Peter Drucker’s Challenge Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethics -A Focus on MNCs . 1.1 Introductory Remarks Managers today are usually quite sensitive to issues of social responsibility and ethical behavior because of pressures from the public, interest groups, legal and governmental concerns, and media coverage. It is less clear where to draw the line between socially responsible behavior and the corporation’s other concerns, or between the conflicting expectations of ethical behavior among different countries. This essay on social responsibility and ethics set externally to international managers and thus in a sense outside their realm of control, is the expectation of appropriate behavior. This behavior is measured both in terms of social responsibility of the organization as such, as well as ethical behavior of individual managers. In addition to these expectations there is an onus on organizations and managers alike to manage the relationship with the host country. Having noted this, I shall now move on to the main issues this essay has set out to address in the following manner: 1.2 Global Interdependence Global interdependence is a compelling dimension of the global business environment, creating demands on international managers to take...
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...Scholar What was up with Wall Street? The Goldman Sachs Standards and Shades of Gray Abstract This paper discusses the business ethics in the organization through the examination of ethical practices conducted at Goldman Sachs Inc. The paper includes a list of all the actions executed by Goldman Sachs Inc which are defined in this paper as gray area practices. The paper also presents an ethical analysis of these gray area actions as well as all the parties that were affected by the Goldman Sachs practices. Business Ethics The problem to be investigated is business ethics through the examination of ethical practices conducted by Goldman Sachs Inc and ethical gray areas which are situations and problems that don’t fit neatly into any existing mode of ethical analysis within the business (Marshall, 2007). Business ethics are very important to inspire the employees and attract more wanting to work for the business. Business ethics are also important because if the business lacks good ethics, this can damage the business reputation and make it less appealing to stakeholders and that will lead to profit loss affect the whole business. Ethics of business has been discussed by Peter Drucker (Drucker, 1986, p. 254) which he said “The problem is one of moral values and moral education, of the individual, of the family, of the school. But there neither is a separate ethics of business, nor is one needed”. Drucker’s interpretation of business ethics is that personal ethics and business...
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...Leadership Quotes Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things. Peter F. Drucker The question, 'Who ought to be boss?', is like asking, 'Who ought to be the tenor in the quartet?' Obviously, the man who can sing tenor. Henry Ford Don't tell people how to do things, tell them what to do and let them surprise you with their results. George S. Patton | Adlai Stevenson: It's hard to lead a cavalry charge if you think you look funny on a horse. Al Gini: The term power comes from the Latin posse: to do, to be able, to change, to influence or effect. To have power is to possess the capacity to control or direct change. All forms of leadership must make use of power. The central issue of power in leadership is not Will it be used? But rather Will it be used wisely and well? Albert Einstein: Great spirits have always found violent opposition from mediocrities. The latter cannot understand it when a man does not thoughtlessly submit to hereditary prejudices but honestly and courageously uses his intelligence. Barack Obama: I always believe that ultimately, if people are paying attention, then we get good government and good leadership. And when we get lazy, as a democracy and civically start taking shortcuts, then it results in bad government and politics. Carl Sagan: But the fact that some geniuses were laughed at does not imply that all who are laughed at are geniuses. They laughed at Columbus, they laughed...
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...Title Length Color Rating Different Viewpoints of Business Ethics - Introduction The purpose of this short paper is to compare and contrast three different peer-reviewed journal articles and one online periodical. First, the paper provides a brief introduction of the four articles. Second, the paper compares and contrasts the four articles. Finally, the author presents his views on the topic of social responsibility and business ethics before concluding the paper. Four Articles All four articles center their focus on business ethics. Of the four articles, three are scholarly peer-reviewed journal articles and one, by Friedman, is an online periodical.... [tags: Business, Ethics] :: 4 Works Cited 2005 words (5.7 pages) Strong Essays [preview] Alahmad and Murphy on Business Ethics - The first two journal articles that were compared and contrasted were Ala Alahmad’s 2010 article on To Be Ethical or Not to Be: An International Code of Ethics for Leadership and Patrick Murphy’s 2009 article on The Relevance of Responsibility to Ethical Business Decisions. Some key findings of Alahmad’s writings were that ethics and leadership were closely tied together; they were found to be derivatives of one another. He mentioned that ethics is an individual thought process of making good or poor decisions.... [tags: Business Ethics] :: 4 Works Cited 970 words (2.8 pages) Strong Essays [preview] Ethical Perspectives on Business Ethics - The determination of this paper is to compare and...
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...Behavior of Sales Agents Marilia Gabriela Vieira De Melo Franklin Pierce University Table of Contents Introduction ………………………………………………………………………… Introduction Business ethics has many issues that are relevant in many aspects of business. This type of behavior begins mostly because of the relationship between the salesperson and the buyer or buying organization. That relationship can be led by a great ethical attitude which will create a nice environment and a good brand image or by an unethical behavior that may do the opposite along with the time. Unethical behavior are a type of issue in the business world that sales agent probably see as the easiest way to go in the sales moment. Sales agent have to make decisions in the rush or pressure of a sales moment in response to customers, demands, and competitive offers which may end up creating a tendency for ethical conflicts. Ethical and unethical behavior affects customers and companies directly but there is different type’s ways suggested by studies to prevent and keep ethical behavior. Background In the article “Ethical Salesperson behavior in Sales Relationship” the authors Hansen & Riggle agree that ethics deal with “ moral judgments, standards, and rules of conduct, comprises a moral code of conduct governing individuals and societies in determining what is right or wrong”. The authors complete it saying that “ethical behavior in the sales relationship context denotes behaviors on the part of the salesperson that...
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...style or aspiration can be compared to the traditional and common leadership styles. As a new entrepreneur, the many resources that are available such as Small Business Administration (SBA) and SCORE can assist in the start up of their business/product/service. Finally, the personal principles in leadership is important because it engrains and reminds the leader in being focused on their vision and goals and their success is in combination by the support of their followers. The interest in entrepreneurial leadership has been an area that has been researched and theorized. Many theorists would vary in their philosophy of what constitutes or creates an entrepreneur leader. Many research findings proposed that entrepreneurs are innovative, motivated to achieve, and risk takers/ strategists. (1).What are the common elements theories/principles that relate to the new definition of entrepreneurial leadership in today’s dynamic market? Based on these theories what kind of leadership style I may apply or hope to become, the tools/resources as an entrepreneur, and the personal principles that I would choose to apply in leadership. To begin, we need to define the common elements in the theories/philosophies in entrepreneurial leadership. For example, Steve Case, James Kouzes and Peter Drucker share a commonalty in their theories based on leadership. They all agree that vision, innovation, commitment, core values, authentic, dedication, and willing to...
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