...the people for their basic leadership. This paper represents the case study of Edward Snowden who is a defense contractor Booz Allen Hamilton, leaked very confidential information about the activities of USA’s National Security Agency (NSA). In June 2013, Snowden confessed to passing characterized records to columnists at The Guardian and The Washington Post—revealing the details of NSA observation programs that gather and perform information mining on a huge number of U.S. telephone calls and Internet...
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...EDWARD SNOWDEN TRAITOR OR HERO Regarding the Edward Snowden case there is a an very interesting ethical problem. Just to give us a bit of background context ; Edward Snowden was an employee of the CIA and NSA, who revealed details of several monitoring programs and American mass britanniques. For some peolpe he was considered like a hero because he has brought to light confidential information that deserves to be in the public domain and for other a villainous traitor because those put in danger his country, it is important to ask whether his revelations comes under the ethical or the legal fact. Ethical : We know that most people would feel betrayed by Edward because he released personal information about them but it was in order to prove that the US Government is recording the communications of its citizens. But it is Ethic to help other isn’t it ? Ethics are moral principles that guide the way a behaves. It issued by a business is a particular kind of policy statement. A code of ethic issued by a company is some kind of policy statement. A properly framed code is, in effect, a form of binding legislation within the company for its employees, specific sanctions for breaches of the code. If these sanctions are absent, the code is just a list of piety. The heaviest sentence usually dismissal unless a crime has been committed. Focusing on ethics, for those who feel that Snowden did was morally acceptable, calculating almost everyone has to weigh the benefits and...
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...”(Ghillyer, 2014) Whistleblowers can be viewed as providing a praiseworthy act or be severely labeled as informers who have breached the loyalty of their co-workers and company. Whistleblowing can be a service to the community and public. Whistleblowing can be ethical or unethical, and the whistleblower discovering corporate misconduct has the options to be an internal or an external whistleblower. Whistleblowing can save people’s lives. Dr. Jeffrey Wigand made the decision to go public with information that his employer Brown & Williamson (B&W) was manipulating the nicotine content, suppressed efforts to develop safer cigarettes, and lied about the addictive properties of nicotine. According to Sissela Bok, in the book Taking Sides: Clashing views in Business Ethics and Society, “not only is loyalty violated in whistleblowing, hierarchy as well is often opposed, since the whistleblower is not only a colleague but a subordinate. Though aware of the risks inherent in such disobedience, he often hopes to keep his job.” (Newton, Englehardt, & Pritchard, 2012). Whistleblowing is ethical when the company through a product or decision will cause serious harm to the public. Whistleblowing is unethical when there is evidence that the employee is motivated by financial gain, media attention, or has a grudge against the company. An example of when it is ethical to be a...
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...illegal and unethical practices in the work place it is becoming increasingly common as employees speak out about their ethical concerns at work. It can have disastrous consequences for the individual, as well as threatening the survival of the organization that is being complained about. This paper aims to provide a balanced approach to this topic, which has generated much controversy and debate. I would like to first explain what whistle blowing is and detail some of the following important moral issues that go along with whistle blowing. I will show how this could affect any one by going over a classic case of an Eastern Airlines pilot .As well as considering how an individual can protect him or herself from becoming the victim when trying to blow the whistle. Under what circumstances, if any, is whistle blowing morally justified? Some people have said that whistle blowers are horrible people. I for one think that they are not. There are many good things that come from whistle blowing… Such as freedom of speech, and the closure of knowing what is happening out side of everyone’s basic life. Edward Snowden was known for “blowing the whistle on the NSA for wire tapping into our phones and e-mails” this was a major controversy for the people of America. Instead of Snowden being rewarded for what he did he was arrested. Later he was released there was a short press conference with him and he told the reporters that no one should be arrested for telling the truth. What the NSA...
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...Whistleblowing and the global impact. Table of Contents ESSAY Introduction The importance and understanding of whistleblowing The notion of whistleblowing Whistleblowing – an act of good will Whistleblowing – an act of revenge The role of the government Government whistleblowing How Snowden formed society Introduction Whistleblowing, an act of certain controversy, has provided material for many a discussion. It has filled our newspapers, televisions and radios on a daily basis, since Wikileaks went public with its first act of exposing illegal activity. ‘Whistleblowing’ is a dynamic process involving at least three social actors; the wrongdoer, the whistleblower and the recipient, each of whom takes actions in response to the other’ (Near et al., p 509, 1996), while accepting the associated dangers and risks. Current events relating to Edward Snowden, Julian Assange and Bradley Manning have sparked intense debate throughout the world regarding policy changes, creation of new laws and the conduct of government and corporations. It is widely agreed that whistleblowing exists and happens on a daily basis. Scholars have examined the topic over the years narrowing it down to ethnical divergences or even to how the act of wrongdoing can impact a whistleblower. The importance and understanding of whistleblowing Age has a significant impact...
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...auditors financially and criminally accountable, and protect whistleblowers. Prior to the creation of SOX the whistleblower had no protection from retaliation by the organization. Whistleblowers had fears of criminal prosecution, bodily harm and job loss if they reported the misdeeds of their employer both publicly and privately. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 redefined the whistleblower. An examination of the characteristics of a whistleblower, the Global Capital Markets Advisors whistleblower case, and whistleblower protection guaranteed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act will demonstrate the benefits, setbacks, and drawbacks of SOX and whistleblowers. Characteristics of a Whistleblower There have been many studies on who is a whistleblower and what are the characteristics of a whistleblower. There is no easy answer to either...
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...Professor Lateefah A. Muhammad July 20, 2015 Whistleblowing and Sarbanes-Oxley Peter Buxtun. Linda Almonte. John Kopchinski. Edward Snowden. Everett Stern. J. Kirk McGill. The commonality in each of the individuals listed is that they have been identified as a whistleblower. This paper will review the key characteristics of a whistleblower, examine an example of whistleblowing from recent history, provide an opinion on whether or not such whistleblowing was justified by the individual, and finally review the current Sarbanes-Oxley Act to determine to what extent the individual was protected. A whistleblower can be most basically defined as an individual or persons who report and make known unethical and illegal actions taken by their employer. The employer could be a publicly traded or privately held company or a not-for-profit organization. The whistleblower may choose to release their findings and information uncovered within their own company or to outsiders such as the news media, law enforcement officials, or federal regulators. In every case of a whistleblower coming forward there is a shared desire to stop the unethical and possibly illegal behavior or acts being committed and to ensure those who have been affected are identified and hopefully compensated or righted in some way (Halbert, Ingulli, & Frey, 2015). In 2003 Keith Edwards began his career with banking and mortgage giant JP Morgan Chase. During his tenure with the company he worked as an assistant...
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...America. the N.S.A (National security agency) has abused the power that was granted to them by the the us government. In may of 2013, Edward Snowden reviled to the world, what the N.S.A was doing. He informed the world that the N.S.A was collecting everyones information. President Obama had to apologize to several world leaders, because the N.S.A was tracking their phone calls. In a period of 30 days the N.S.A collected 70 million phone calls and messages. The N.S.A should not have the power to snoop on anyone they want. If they keep doing it, the U.S allies will not be happy. We live in a world that is run by the use of the internet. The internet allows people to share information with one another. People pay their bill using the internet. If they N.S.A continues to violate people’s privacy online, it could make some people scared to use online services. Many internet companies could be affected by this. The N.S.A is a agency that has helped the U.S government in the past. Technological advances has given them the ability to collect large amounts of informations. The united States government has granted them the freedom to use those technological advances. The problem is that the N.S.A is not using their power responsibly. They are creating problems with the U.S allies. They are hurting the online businesses. It is time to stop the N.S.A’s unethical...
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...ESSENTIALS OF MANAGEMENT Chapter 4 – Subject Review Questions 1. After reading the short excerpt “Custom Coffee & Chocolate”, the reader has a pretty good idea as to what their mission statement might be. In my opinion, the mission statement for “Custom Coffee & Chocolate” could be along the lines to provide a comfortable, convenient location for Students, Faculty, and local residents to come and indulge in their love of fair trade coffee and fine local chocolate. 2. SWOT Analysis for Custom Coffee and Chocolate is below. Strengths – Quality Ingredients, Store Location, Stacy’s financial background, Bonnie’s marketing abilities, comfortable environment, both owners have experience in this market, good potential customer base. Weaknesses – Lack of employees, lack of capital, amount of takeout orders, small shop, and unstable price points. Opportunities – Delivery service, additional employees, wireless connection, expanding the menu, holding of events, creation of a website and blog, school affiliation Threats – Competitor coffee shops in the area and the university cafeteria along with student meal plans Both owners understand that a tactical plan is a set of procedures or steps used to translate their broad strategic goals into a specific plan with a timeline. * The first order of business is to hire two part-time employees; this should be done within 2-4 weeks, as this will free time for Bonnie and Stacy to implement the rest of the plan. *...
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...Media has revolutionised tremendously since the past century. Before the era of social media, only recognised news authorities with distinctive powers could report and spread the word of information to the general public. It helps to shape people’s thoughts and perceptions by providing information across the lands and seas. The mass media industry as stated by Steinberg (2007) is “involved in the production and distribution of messages to large audiences” (p. 253). Mass media includes platforms such as newspapers, radio, and TV and now with advance modern technology, information is also available instantly on our fingertips. Severin and Tankard, Jr. (2010) explain that three characteristics define mass media. First characteristic about mass media is that it is “directed toward relatively large, heterogeneous, and anonymous audiences” (p. 4). The other two characteristics involve also as mentioned by Severin and Tankard, Jr. (2010) are that timed messages that go out to the public and the communicator operates “within a complex organisation” (p. 4). However, with the times changing and technology evolving around us, media is available everywhere very easily now. Even though anyone these days can easily report or spread information, higher power still dictates over complete media control. The most well-known term given to an individual who has complete control of the spread and flow information through media is media mogul and the greatest living example of a media mogul is...
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...Journal - Week 1, Due 09.28.2014 Beginner’s Guide to Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses Beginner’s Guide to Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses. (2011, Mar. 04). Retrieved on September 26. 2014 from ICANN site: https://www.icann.org/resources/files/ip-addresses-beginners-guide-2011-03-04-en The Beginner’s Guide to IP Addresses is a publication by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the private sector, non-profit corporation which assumes responsibility for IP address space allocation, protocol parameter assignment, domain name system management, and root server system management functions. The publication is part of the Beginner’s Guide series, published in the interest of educating new users about internet issues. The document details IP addresses, why we need them, protocol version history, implementation/distribution methods, and how these topics affect users. This particular concept is not new to me, but reading the document provided a ‘refresher course’ on topics that I have not recently studied. I use this information and technology on a daily basis - but through the course of use it is easy to step away from the fundamental details. In follow up reading, I find myself curious about the success of implementing IPv6 addressing. I know that it can be done, but have not seen a great deal of evidence that it is being done. As of June, 2014 the percentage of users accessing Google via IPv6 reached a milestone. 4%. While the 4% mark...
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...Corporate Ethics and Government assignment Name: Grade Course: Tutor’s Name: (16, April, 2012) Corporate Ethics and Government assignment Introduction In recent past, corporate ethics and governance has attracted a great deal of public interest due to its apparent importance in the economic health of corporations and society. In general, corporate ethics and governance include the relationship of the company to its shareholders as well as the society. It also includes promotion of fairness, transparency, accountability in references to the mechanism used in the governance so that the actions taken are consistent with the shareholders interest. Therefore, to ensure that corporate ethics and governance is properly addressed, issues of transparency, accountability, measures of risk management, proper information flow both vertical and horizontal should be properly addressed. This will help the companies to adopt the appropriate legal compliance mechanisms to ensure that ethics and conduct of issues are formally addressed. However, compliance of corporate ethics and governance do not come in handy. There are several issues hurdles that several companies and organizations have undergone in achieving these milestones. This has made this topic to be widely discussed especially in the media as will be demonstrated in the articles that will be discussed here after. Most of the newspapers have taken this issue with a lot of seriousness and dedicated their time to discuss...
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...Data Collection and Surveillance Andrew John Martin UNCW Computer Science Department Abstract The purpose of the research is to see if the mass collection and surveillance of U.S citizens legal and ethical. The goal is to have a better understanding of the how data is collected, and the what the Fourth Amendment means. This is done by examining several aspects of the Fourth Amendment, and recent articles on the NSA. Upon examination, it becomes clear that the NSA is indeed breaching the rights of lawful U.S citizens. Through showing that the Fourth Amendment protects the U.S citizens against such actions. Key Words: NSA, Fourth, Amendment, warrant, PRISM, Edward, Snowden. The NSA collects millions of American phone, internet, and personal information. They do this by using a system call PRISM which allows them to collect this data through several different internet websites. However, many believe this is in complete violation of the Fourth Amendment which protects against unwarranted searches and seizures. The Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution provides, "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." The ultimate goal of this provision is to protect people’s...
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...The development of Information Communication Technology has created new ethical dilemmas due to the out-of-date moral, legal, and social boundaries. These boundaries can be represented by rules and legislation, laws and human nature. The expansion of technology has created a new era of office work. The majority of offices around the world are now filled with newly available technological advances; from personal computers to large network servers. Over the last decade there has been an increase among employers to monitor the actions and performance of their employees. This is due to worries about; quality of work, productivity employee theft or misuse of company property One of the main ethical issues of the workplace is employee privacy and surveillance. Argument raised is: is it ethical to monitor employees whilst they are in the workplace? Is there privacy for employees and should employees expect Privacy at workplace? Technology has offered various options to help people maintain privacy depending on their situation. At the same time, technology has made it almost impossible for anyone to have privacy. There are devices and programs that can help you get privacy but they can also be used to invade it. Modern society has too many incidences and events that include invasion of privacy, including on national and international levels. Is it possible to ever maintain a level of privacy when you are on the computer, your cellphone, or even in your own home due to technology advancements...
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...world. Although many countries are known to spy on their citizens for the purpose of “security”, one of the most famous incidents happened just a couple of years back with the entire world finding out through Edward Snowden that the United States government was spying upon its people. Although I do agree with the...
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