...What is globalisation and to what extent is the contemporary world actually globalised? To answer the question this essay will begin by attempting to provide a definition to the sometimes elusive meaning of the term ‘globalisation’. The essay will then take this definition and move on to use it to outline three different perspectives on what globalisation is. The three perspectives that will be used are the hyperglobalist, the transformationalist and the sceptical (Held et al, 2000, p10). Each of these perspectives on globalisation will in turn attempt to answer the question of what is globalisation. Within outlining each of these perspective’s views on globalisation, each perspective’s views on the extent the contemporary world is actually globalised will also be outlined. After this the essay will compare and contrast each of the three perspectives to gain an understanding of which of them provides the best or strongest answer to how much the contemporary world is actually globalised, before concluding with a summary of its main points and by pointing out that each perspective shares a general agreement that the capitalist system is the driving force of what globalisation is, but each differs in its views on to what extent the world is actually globalised. The term globalisation is one that is used with ever increasing frequency as if it had a universally accepted meaning and definition. According to Modelski, globalisation is a historical process which is characterised...
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...sceptics totallyreject the notion of globalisation as anything essentially new. For sceptics, the concept of globalisation is a convenient ideologically constructed myth that helps justify the neo-liberal,free market capitalist system (Held and McGrew, 2003, p.5). In line with Marxist thought,many sceptics consider capitalism to be imperialist in its search for new markets. This line of thought was most prominently developed by Lenin in his “Imperialism: the highest stage of capitalism” (Lenin, 1996). According to this view, globalisation is nothing more thanwestern capitalist imperialism. Modern globalisation only differs from the past in the level of interaction between nations, but this essentially is nothing new. From a cultural standpoint, asceptic may argue that cultures have always mixed and shared ideas, and that this in itself constitutes nothing new. Modelski alludes to this when he suggests that globalisation beganaround 1000AD (2003, p.55). So, from the sceptical viewpoint, to what extent is thecontemporary world actually globalised? The sceptics have argued that the current economicinterdependence that characterises the global system is not without precedent, and would point to statistics from over a century ago to back up their claims (Held et al, 2000, p.5). Thesceptics would also suggest that globalisation overstates its reach, with the current worldeconomic system not truly global in its reach. In this context, sceptics argue that what wenow have is increased regionalisation...
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...The definition of globalisation is the growth of a business or organisation on international/global scale. Globalisation is the integration of the national economies into the international economy through trade, investment, migration, capital flows and spread of technology. One reason why globalisation can be deemed to be more of an opportunity is that the one outcome of globalisation is that the business can become more cost efficient. With increased competition the business can react to the change in market conditions by becoming more competitive themselves through being more efficient. Increased efficiency can be a result of the business reducing sales and increasing output in order to achieve economies of scale. This will allow the business to produce more products allowing sales to increase if there is demand available for the products whilst reducing the average costs per products. Another way in which the business may become more efficient is that there is an increased level of innovation within the business. Large business can be differentiated from their competitors through the innovation displayed by their products and product range demonstrating the ideas of the business, also with innovation increasing the quality of the workforce will increase as they employees will try to perform to their best standards in order to become more competitive this will allow waste to decrease reducing the costs of the business which in turn will help improve profits. Another reason...
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...Colin Gaughan (x00110326) “Globalisation is a powerful worldwide force that has brought significant benefits to many peoples. Its benefits, however, have not been universally distributed.” This statement was made by John and George Steiner in 2005. They said this when globalisation was beginning to happen at a rapid pace. Globalisation allows countries worldwide to trade with each other on an economic or political front. This has had many benefits for a lot of people around the world. In my essay, I will discuss the many benefits that globalisation has brought to people. My research has enabled me to analyse this statement to great effect. Firstly, I will give a brief description of the history of globalisation. I will then discuss the many benefits globalisation has had on people worldwide. Then, I will discuss the universal distribution of globalisation. Finally, I will give a coherent conclusion to the points that I have made in my essay. Globalisation, although a relatively new term, has been occurring for many years but it has really began to occur on a much greater scale in recent times. As said by (Ross, 2003) , “globalisation began with a technological breakthrough.” This says a lot about the power that technology has. It is commonly known that technology has been a major player in many changes in the world in recent times, and it is no different with globalisation as it came about as a result of the “world's first microprocessor.” This may not sound like it could...
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...Globalisation has intensified inequality Globalisation has built a set of prospects for mainly large firms around the world with declines in tariffs or creation of free trade areas (Celik 2010). Although globalisation has increase economic growth substantially it does however also increase the economic and social gap within and between countries. Income inequality in particular is the effect of globalisation through foreign direct investment. According to the World Development Indicators 2005 (World Bank, 2005), the richest country Norway has a per capita income of $43, 400 whereas the poorest countries Burundi and Ethiopia have a per capita income of $90. These show the huge gap between the poorest and richest countries per capita income. These numbers raised the question “Has globalisation led to a greater income inequality or less?” In the article ‘Is globalisation reducing poverty and inequality’, Wade (2004) questions the empirical basis of the neoliberal argument. The neoliberal argument says that the distribution of income between the entire world’s people has become more equal over the past two decades and the number of people living in extreme poverty has fallen. It states that these progressive trends are due in large part to the rising density of economic integration between countries, which has made for rising efficiency of resource use worldwide as countries and regions specialize in line with their comparative advantage. This is partially true as...
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...Contemporary Challenges for IT Managers Tutorial 3 Topic(s): Globalisation, Outsourcing / Offshoring Instructions: Due: Tutorials 1-4 due 4:00pm on Friday of Week 4 Where to submit: Moodle 1. What information is provided or issues raised by the video on the slide titled“Globalisation – Video 1” in the “Globalisation” lecture? 2. What is Globalisation? * Globalization is a new contemporary stage of development of capitalism over the world. It is a process of social change in which geographic and cultural barriers are reduced. Also is the process of transformation of local or regional things or phenomena into global ones. 3. What information is provided or issues raised by the video on the slide titled “Globalisation – Video 2” in the “Globalisation” lecture? 4. How was early globalisation characterised? * The first phase of globalisation in the late nineteenth century was characterised by an integration of markets through an exchange of goods that was facilitated by the movement of capital and labour across national boundaries. * The second phase of globalisation is characterised by an integration of production with linkages that are wider and deeper. 5. Describe the forces that drove globalisation. * Berlin Wall/ Communism * Windows * World Wide Web (WWW) * Work Flow Software / Standards * Uploading * Outsourcing * Offshoring ...
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...In the context of IPE, what is globalisation? To what extent has the authority of nation states been eroded by globalisation? Discuss with reference to any OECD country. IPE and Globalisation In order to explain globalisation in the context of International Political Economy (IPE), I will begin by discussing the frameworks that IPE uses to describe the social constructs upon which human society is based. This discussion will then extend to issues pertinent to the essay question, including the concepts of globalisation, the nation state, authority and sovereignty, and the extent to which a nation state’s participation in a globally interdependent system influences that nation state’s authority. IPE connotes a multidisciplinary method of enquiry to explain the ever-changing relationships between states, markets and societies across history and in different geographical areas. IPE includes a political dimension that accounts for the use of power by a variety of actors including individuals, domestic groups, states, international organisations, NGO’s, and transnational corporations. IPE also involves an economic dimension that deals with how scarce resources are distributed among individuals, groups and nation-states. (Ballam and Dillman, 2011, p7) To place globalisation within the context of IPE, one must view the concept in terms of the causes and effects of the world market economy, the relationship between 2 economic and political change, and the significance...
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...Question: How does Globalisation affect you as an International Business Student? 1.0 Introduction I’d like to begin this discussion by first asking a few questions. What is globalisation? What does a global world mean? Is it the fast movement of people which means greater interaction? Does it simply mean that due to internet revolution and other technological advances the world is now a village? Does globalisation represent the consumer and open up markets worldwide to their choice and preference? Does it mean countries are free to trade with each other without red tape and other barriers and tariffs? Though the precise definition of globalisation is still unavailable a few definitions worth viewing, Stephen Gill: defines globalisation as the reduction of transaction cost of transborder movements of capital and goods thus of factors of production and goods. Guy Brainbant: says that the process of globalisation not only includes opening up of world trade, development of advanced means of communication, internationalisation of financial markets, growing importance of MNC's, population migrations and more generally increased mobility of persons, goods, capital, data and ideas but also infections, diseases and pollution. As an international business student globalisation has opened up the world to me. The world is now on my fingertips, I am able to use the world’s resources, learn from fortune 500 companies. I am able to interact with international leaders who would otherwise be...
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...Southern Africa in the Era of Globalisation The paradoxes of Globalisation According to Islam, S (2007) Globalisation can be defined as a practice that involves the trading of merchandise, services and/or capital on an international scale. This means that organizations and companies are operating not only within there country but cross national borders as well. Globalisation plays a huge influencing role on various economic systems, political institutions and daily social interactions across the globe. With globalisation being such significance influences on today’s world it is important to take note of the different paradoxes that comes with this ‘phenomenon’. There are four main paradoxes that come with this global phenomenon of globalisation....
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...is unveiling topic of globalization and does it benefit everyone involved in process Abstract This document is unveiling topic of globalization and does it benefit everyone involved in process International business Globalisation International business Globalisation Globalisation-Does it benefit everyone involved? Globalisation can be defined as trend towards more integrated global economy, great example of this would be EU where Free Trade is in place among the members, there is no borders separating those countries and most of its members have adopted same currency to aid trade in between its members. Every company and every person in the country is affected by globalisation due to its economic integration between countries, these countries are united in terms of trade in goods and services, investment, free movement of labour and in joint international actions for e.g. fight against pollution. Businesses take a lot of advantage from Globalisation because they can spread their operations globally, and this means that they can sell products all over the world, if necessary or cheaper to do so they have the opportunity to outsource their production to different countries where they didn’t have access to before. The speed that globalisation is occurring at is making a lot of businesses to spread as fast as possible before their competition will establish them-self’s in that country, Telecommunication industry is a great example of that, because around a decade...
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...the Business Environment ‘Globalisation has wrought fundamental changes in the global economy and it is evident that the effects of globalisation are more positive than negative’ Assignment 1 Tutor: Robert Waldersee Author: Catherine Whitaker Student No: 211664327 Address: 7/59 Howard St Randwick 2031 Introduction What is Globalisation? Dutch academic Ruud Lubbers, on his website http://globalize.kub.nl/ defines globalisation as: … a process in which geographic distance becomes a factor of diminishing importance in the establishment and maintenance of cross border economic, political and socio cultural relations. Ruud’s definition draws attention to the following main points: • globalisation involves processes that transcend geographic and national boundaries, • these processes are of an economic nature, • there are political implications and considerations, and • socio cultural factors are also impacted. The issue of Globalisation has become a contentious one in recent years. Note the violent demonstrations in Seattle in 1999 and subsequent demonstrations by anti-globalisation groups such as S11. However there are many advocates of globalisation who support the ideals of free trade and free moving economies whose fate is left to market forces. The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the main issues associated with Globalisation and the current debate of these topics...
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...Globalisation and Rising Inequality in Australia Is Increasing Inequality Inevitable in Australia? Tom Conley Griffith University Introduction I want to dedicate my government to the maintenance of traditional Australian values. And they include those great values of mateship and egalitarianism.1 10 years ago a Mitsubishi type development would have flattened people psychologically. Now they take it in their stride … 2 Policy-makers and commentators have long been cajoling Australians into accepting that they are a part of the global economy, which means an acceptance of a whole range of ‘new realities’. One of the major themes of the pro-globalisation position is that Australia has accepted these new realities and adjusted well to globalisation by embracing economic liberalism. The results, it is argued, have been overwhelmingly beneficial. John Howard points out the Australian economy has grown for fourteen years straight – a remarkable achievement by any standards. This success story of growth has tended, however, to override more disaggregated, negative analyses of social outcomes in Australia. A less sanguine part of this new globalising ‘reality’ appears to be an acceptance of rising inequality. Indeed, it is often implied that rising inequality is a spur for growth. The argument is that everyone is better off, it’s just that some people are better off than others. While commentary is often not explicit about the association of globalisation and rising inequality...
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...Globalisation How have technological advances affected communication and trade the world? Technological advances have affected communication and trade in the world allot, but in a good way. Now in days we have much more opportunities. We can get information’s to everything by using the internet or television, have contact with friends/family by using cell phones and internet, travel and transport by boats, ships, flies and etc. The rage of technology has given us the ability to do more in less time. In as sense, the world is getting smaller and smaller because of all the technological advances. What has increased the extent to which the world is globalised? First of all I would say the rise of the internet. Then as mentioned above, cell phones and news. An example is that recently 33 Chilean miners were trapped deep underground, and only few hours after the happening, all the world knew about it. This shows how fast the news spreads around the whole world, and if you search the happening on the internet, you will find millions of pages about it. Why might some people claim that an Americanisation of the world is going on? People claim that an Americanisation of the world is going on, because it is undoubted that America plays a big key role in globalisation. Proof of this stand the American firms that have becomed international symbols, such as Microsoft, McDonald’s and Coca Cola which is the top spit, and is often viewed as a symbol of Americanisation. Two America...
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...Globalisation does not really have an exact origin. It has been here since the beginning of human existence. From the moment people began migrating and exploring the world, they traded and exchanged ideas and techniques, ultimately giving birth to the idea of globalisation. However Theodore Levitt in 1983 introduced the term globalisation to the world. Globalisation in the past couple of years has been a prevalent topic. Look in any newspaper, magazine or television show, and in some way you will see globalisation occurring. Globalisations definition can be liquidated as the rapid exchange of a country’s goods, services, and culture using trade, transportation, and or communication with another country and or multiple countries. (Economic News Articles, 2011) Everything has its advantages and disadvantages. Globalisation is no exception. Examining economy, technology, and culture this essay will assess the advantages and disadvantages of globalisation, and how it possibly is affecting the United Kingdom. The economy today has been greatly affected by globalisation. The world is constantly evolving. Globalisation from an economic perspective is something that needs to be examined carefully. A disadvantage of globalisation on the economy is that as companies expand they are forgetting about the less fortunate countries. The prosperity that countries acquire from globalisation is not evenly distributed among other countries. (The Business Environment, 2009) Some advantages globalisation...
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...People around the world are connected to each other than ever before. It is much easier for people to travel, communicate and do business internationally. This whole phenomenon has been called globalisation. Globalisation is the interaction between countries in order to develop the global economy. It has also been encouraged by trade liberalisation and financial market deregulation. It relates to the economy, politics, culture, society, and generally, with everything we deal with in our everyday lives. Spurred on in the past by merchants, explorers, colonialists and internationalists, globalisation has in times that are more recent been increasing rapidly due to improvements in communications, information and transport technology. There are two types of global integration and they are positive and negative integration. The positive integration deals with homogenising international economic laws and policies and the negative integration deals with eroding of trade or protective barriers such as tariffs and quotas. The economic aspect of globalisation deals with the “increasing occurrence, speed and intensity of production, trading and financial exchange between individuals and bodies across global distances” (Fabian Global Forum, no date: 14). Other economic aspects, which have surfaced over the last thirty years, are multinational companies; technological progress and new financial techniques; authority of umbrella organisations like the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the...
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