...{draw:frame} Abercrombie and Fitch Case Study 4/21/2010 Executive Summary: Abercrombieand Fitch was Founded as a High Quality sporting goods store in 1982 by David Abercrombie. Abercrombie Co opened its first store in Manhattan, New York with the intention of providing high quality equipment to an elite segment of the market. Throughout the years, Abercrombie and Fitch Co has proven itself to be able to adapt to the constant changing retail market and has slowly evolved in the retail giant we are familiar with today. Abercrombie and Fitch currently employ a focused differentiation strategy where they target customers ages 12-25. Instead of using conventional methods of strengthening their brand through advertising and a squeaky clean image, A&F instead takes full advantage of controversy and word of mouth advertizing in order to gain their customer base. It is through A&F’s unorthodox methods that they have been able to establish themselves as a highly desirable, high quality apparel retailer and due to these factors they are able to charge a premium price for their products. A&F’s current strategies have helped them to not only establish themselves in the United States, but they are now poised to expand into the global market. With the recent opening of flagship locations in Tokyo, London, Milan, A&F now has a solid foothold to tap into the Western European and Asian Markets. With the potential in these foreign markets, A&F should realize high levels of growth...
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...Abercromie & Fitch Abercrombie and Fitch Co. (« A&F ») is an international fashion retailer selling apparel, fragance and luxury products to young customers. The brand describes itself as « casual luxury ». They developed a strong brand image based on provocative communication and specific in-store experience that fits with the cool lifestyle it promotes. However, sales have been dropping for years and do not seem to be going in the future. In 2013, the firm closed about 220 mall stores and entering December 2014, profits were expected about $106 milions, less than half of what they had been in 2012. Fitch’s performance is declining fastly, and it can be explained through internal and external factors. Some of these factors include lack of sustainable competitive advantage, public relation issues that affected the brand’s identity and image, rise of fast fashion competition and its struggle with its brand position and pricing while the consumers’ preferences are changing. Through examining these various elements, it is clear that Abercrombie and Fitch must take a diverse approach in order to revitalize its brand and maintain profitability. First of all, one of the main internal issues that led to Fitch’s decline was their lack of sustainable competitive advantage. Indeed, A&F views brand image as its most important asset, and their postioning enabled them to set premium prices on their apparel. They lost their audience and brand image these past years ; in...
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...India, to look into the legal and policy framework for regulating the activities of Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs), vide letter bearing Reference No. F.No.12/11/07-PM, dated 16.1.2009. The Terms of Reference are listed as under: 1. Assessment of the performance of CRAs in India in terms of parameters like default and transition data 2. How much information asymmetry is bridged by CRAs 3. How far CRAs assessment helps financial regulation 4. Accountability, corporate governance issues of CRAs 5. Disclosures of methodologies of rating 6. Rating of complex products like structured obligation 7. Uniformity or otherwise in definition and rating nomenclature of CRAs in India 8. Consistency of rating data with accounting data 9. Overall evaluation of what CRAs have done in terms of value addition or the Indian economy NISM constituted a two-man Project Team to carry out the Study. The Team used an array of approaches, including a Literature Survey, Structured Questionnaires with CRAs, Unstructured Interviews with various CRAs, Issuers, Institutional Investors, and Subject Experts. The outcome of these interactions were gauged against the results of this independent study to...
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...Abstract E-Wallet had been receiving enormous attention globally due to its high innovativeness as a secondary option to leather wallet. Usage of credit cards, cash or checks had been reduced due to the advancement of technology and emergence of e-Wallet. E-Wallet is an easy-to-use, convenient electronic prototype which acts as a secure global payment system by using only a mobile smartphone. This study is directed towards developing a model to explain the consumer's’ intention to adopt e-Wallet in the social context. It adopts Consumer Need for Uniqueness Theory based on the concept of Counter-Conformity Motivation (CCM) also known as Need For Uniqueness. Many researchers had explored the relationship of consumer’s intention to adopt on the technological usage context. However, little research in social context had been carried out. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the factors affecting the consumer adoption intention in social context. This paper found that CCM, self-identity and word-of-mouth (WOM) are the salient determinants in this study of knowledge of consumer adoption intention in e-Wallet. Keywords: e-Wallet, intention to adopt, counter-conformity motivation, need for uniqueness 1.0 Introduction According to the historical evidence, the first use of money is assumed to have started around 600 BC in term of coins (Davies and Davies, 2002). However, the world is evolving, due to the rapid change in technology. Most of the consumers have changed their...
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...across all touchpoints in all market dynamics. Interbrand is widely recognized for its Best Global Brands report, the definitive guide to the world’s most valuable brands, as well as its Best Global Green Brands report which identifies the gap between customer perception and a brand’s performance relative to sustainability. It is also known for having created www.Brandchannel.com, an international online exchange and resource about brand marketing and branding. For more information on Interbrand, visit www.Interbrand.com. For more than 30 years we have been creating retail brand experiences for companies around the world. Interbrand Design Forum’s talent for game-changing innovation spurred us to create a business model that integrates analytics-based strategy into what began as a design and architecture group — the first and only company with such a comprehensive offering. Our broad range of services includes: retail design, brand strategy, shopper sciences, packaging, digital, documentation and rollout. This unique ability to address retail’s growing complexity has led many of the world’s top companies to our doorstep and propelled Interbrand Design Forum to the forefront of the industry. For more information, visit www.InterbrandDesignForum.com. Images on the front cover and throughout this report are intended solely to represent brands on the Best Retail Brands list, but may not represent the brands’ actual app icons. BEST RETAIL BRANDS Contents 02 30 42 56 Introduction ...
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...The Ethical Dilemma of Advertisements “The effect of sex appeal and emotional appeal on adolescents” By: May Abd El Latif El Hattab Seminar Paper / Bachelor Thesis Submitted to the “Marketing department” At the Faculty of Management & Technology German University in Cairo Student registration number: 4-1086 Date: 4th of June, 2008 Supervisor: Professor Mohamed Radwan Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................... i Table of figures: ...........................................................................................................iii List of tables: ............................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review......................................................................................... 2 2.1 Sex Appeal .............................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Emotional Appeal:................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Research question;................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 3: Research Methodology:............................................................
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...restrictions on financial activities by banks have varied over time and location. The current set of global bank capital standards is called Basel II. In some countries such as Germany, banks have historically owned major stakes in industrial corporations while in other countries such as the United States banks are prohibited from owning non-financial companies. In Japan, banks are usually the nexus of a cross-share holding entity known as the keiretsu. The oldest bank still in existence is Monte dei Paschi di Siena, headquartered in Siena, Italy, which has been operating continuously since 1472.[1] Contents • 1. History o 1.1 Origin of the word • 2. Definition • 3. Banking o 3.1 Standard activities o 3.2 Wider commercial role o 3.3 Channels o 3.4 Business model o 3.5 Products 3.5.1 Retail 3.5.2 Wholesale • 4. Risk and capital • 5. Banks in the economy o 5.1 Economic functions o 5.2 Bank crisis o 5.3 Size of global banking industry • 6. Regulation • 7. Types of banks o 7.1 Types of retail banks o 7.2 Types of investment banks o 7.3 Both combined o 7.4 Other types of banks History Banks date back to ancient times. During the 3rd century AD, banks in Persia and other territories in the Persian Sassanid Empire issued letters of credit known as Ṣakks. Muslim traders are known to have used the cheque or ṣakk system since the time of Harun al-Rashid (9th century) of the Abbasid Caliphate. In the 9th century, a Muslim businessman could cash an early form of the cheque...
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...Credit risk Credit risk is a fast changing discipline at the leading edge of risk management practice. The recent credit crisis brought into focus the need for effective risk management control and highlighted many of the deficiencies of the banks’ approach to measuring credit risk. This has resulted in many financial institutions reviewing their existing approach to the management of credit risk from a process, organisational and systems perspective. At the same time, many institutions are also continuing to develop more sophisticated methods of risk management, such as measuring and hedging Credit Valuation Adjustments (CVA) and modelling economic capital and incremental risk Definitions of Credit risk: ❖ Credit risk is the risk of loss due to a debtor's non-payment of a loan or other line of credit (either the principal or interest (coupon) or both). ❖ Is the risk that another party to an investment transaction will not fulfill its obligations. Credit risk can be associated with the issuer of ❖ The likelihood that an individual will pay his or her credit obligations as agreed. Borrowers who are more likely to pay as agreed pose less risk to creditors and lenders. ❖ Risk of loss that may arise on outstanding contracts should a counter party default on its obligations. ❖ The risk that a counter party to a transaction will fail to perform according to the terms and conditions of the contract, thus causing the holder of the claim to suffer a loss. ...
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...Internship Report on Experiential Retail of OTOBI Ltd. Internship Report On Experiential Retail of OTOBI Ltd. BUS-400 Submitted To: Suman Paul Chowdhury (Main Advisor) Senior Lecturer BRAC Business School Submitted By: Shahriyar Hasan ID: 05304052 BRAC Business School Mahmudul Haq (Second Advisor) Assistant Professor BRAC Business School Date: 9th May, 2010 Executive Summary After getting the four years theoretical knowledge in BBA it is very interesting to match with the practical experience. And this Understanding practical implications and applications is the next step in the learning process after studying the theoretical concepts of a particular topic. This report is on the Experiential Retail of a well-known business organization “Otobi” which is the first Multinational Company in Bangladesh. In writing this report I came to know about different facets of Retail business and creating the brand equity about the Brand “Otobi”. In recent years, discussions on the growing economic importance of experience-based consumption have become a dominant theme in literature where consumer preferences are of concern. An increased focus on experiences is also evident in the retail sector of Otobi as it has been suggested that it is important to create emotionally engaging experiences for in-store consumers. Several research articles concerned with ‘‘experiential retailing’’, ‘‘entertaining experiences’’ ‘‘entertaining and...
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...AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF RISK EXPOSURE TO THE PERFORMANCE OF BANKS IN NIGERIA CERTIFICATION I certify that this research work was carried out by MR ABOYARIN SALAMI TUNDE with Matriculation No.; 109025160 of the Department of Finance, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos. __________________________ ______________ DR. LEKAN OBADEMI DATE _______________________ ____________ PROF. W. IYIEGBUNIWE DATE HOD DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE _______________________ ____________ EXTERNAL EXAMINER DATE DEDICATION This project work is dedicated to the Glory of ALMIGHTY ALLAH (SWT) to Him I say as always; ALHAMDULILAHI ROBIL ALAMIN!!! Special dedication also goes to the memory of my late father; Alhaji R.S.A Aboyarin. I pray his soul finds forgiveness and mercy before Allah (Amin. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CHAPTER ONE 1.0: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Banks are germane to economic development through the financial services they provide. Their intermediation role can be said to be a catalyst for economic growth and development. The efficient and effective performance of the banking industry over time is an index of financial stability in any nation. The extent to which a bank extends credit to the public for productive activities accelerates the pace of a nation’s economic growth and its long-term sustainability. Amongst the...
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...LIKE TO EXPRESS OUR GRATTITUDE TO DR.ASHOK PANIGRAHI WHOSE STIMULATING SUGGESTIONS AND ENCOURAGEMENT HELPED US TO COMPLETE THE PROJECT CONTENTS 1. Acknowledgment 2. Introduction to Indian economy 3. Meaning of fiscal policy 4. Need & importance of EP 5. Use of fiscal policy by Indian government 6. Fiscal policy before & after liberalization 7. Indian tax system & fiscal policy 8. Role in development of Indian Economy 9. Shortcomings or deficiencies in our fiscal policy 10.Findings & suggestions on Indian fiscal policy ECONOMY OF INDIA The economy of India is the eleventh largest in the world by nominal GDP and the third largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The country is one of the G-20 major economies and a member of BRICS. On a per capita income basis, India ranked 140th by nominal GDP and129th by GDP (PPP) in 2011, according to the IMF. After the independence-era Indian economy (before and a little after 1947) was inspired by the Soviet model of economic development, with a large public sector, high import duties combined with interventionist policies, leading to massive inefficiencies and widespread corruption. However, later on India adopted free market principles and liberalized its economy to international trade under the guidance of Manmohan Singh, who then was the Finance Minister of India under the leadership of P.V. Narasimha Rao the then Prime Minister who eliminated License...
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...Table of Contents Problems with AIG and Credit Default Swaps 1 Financial Crisis 1 Why study AIG case 1 Define what a CDS is and history of AIG 2 AIG background 2 What are Credit default swaps? 3 What happened at AIG? 5 Why is the AIG case so special? 7 Government Reactions 8 Expert Opinion 10 Causes, How it can be Solved, Possible Ways it Can be Prevented 11 Works Cited 14 “Financial derivative products were financial weapons of mass destruction, carrying dangers that, while now latent, are potentially lethal." -Warren Buffett Problems with AIG and Credit Default Swaps Financial Crisis: Credit derivatives are believed to be one of the primary causes behind the financial crisis in 2008, and they continue to be an existing threat to the global economy in the future. Many economists have indicated that the breakdown in the credit derivatives market was the main reason behind the collapse of large corporations like Lehman brothers and AIG, as opposed to the subprime mortgage market. Why study AIG case: The failure of AIG can be primarily attributed to greed. Like many other insurance companies, AIG was too risky on credit default swaps. By the time of the crisis, the company had written more than $441 billion in swaps on bonds and securities, including mortgage-related securities. The collapse of the mortgage market unveiled the problems of credit derivative products and drew widespread attention to this huge and dangerous market. American International...
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...Executive Summary Adapt + Evolve = Survive If modern organizations are to survive, these must believe and put into practice the above equation which results in the overpowering of their competition. To have a Competitive Edge, firms must angle themselves towards Innovation which Myers and Marquis (1969) defined as “….. not a single action but a total process of interrelated sub processes. It is not just the conception of a new idea, nor the invention of a new device, nor the development of a new Market. The process is all these things acting in an integrated fashion.” Since the inception of HNB Assurance PLC (HNBA) in 2001, company is considered the fastest growing composite insurance company within the Sri Lankan insurance domain. The rationale of this report is to identify how effective HNBA is in encouraging innovation for improvement of the processes, products and the services rendered to customers. The primary step of analyzing this fact is to identify the methods utilized to encourage, capture and manage ideas until successful implementation. The methods available and the inadequacy of methods employed are discussed in Task 01. To analyze the effectiveness further, a survey was carried out involving a sample of employees in different levels of the organization. A questionnaire was furnished which included aspects such as organization climate, current performance, policies and procedures adopted and the cognitive skills of the employees in encouraging innovation. The...
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...Minh Thong To Lahti University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in International Business MINH THONG, TO Credit risk management and bad debt controlling Case: ANZ Vietnam Bachelor’s Thesis in International Business, 53 pages, 3 pages of appendices Spring 2013 ABSTRACT It can be seen that the Vietnamese economy in the first decade of the 21st century has a significant development in the banking sector. Commercial banks represent a big role in this development. The banks’ capital rose rapidly and became an important factor in Vietnamese economic growth. However, a negative side always follows the result of any growth. Expanding operation leads to debt rate increase in most commercial banks. Especially bad debts rate rose rapidly. Bad debts became a serious problem for the Vietnamese economy. When the amount of bad debts increases to a particular point, it will hinder the development as well as the operations of the banks. Due to this issue, controlling the bad debt rate is hard work for all commercial banks. There is no model of solution for all banks. According to specific characteristic of each bank, specific solutions to control bad debt rate are provided. However, those solutions seem to be not as effective as expected due to many reasons. When Vietnam became an official member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the high bad debt rate brought many challenges. It reduced the banks’ core competency as well as customer trust. The objective of this thesis is evaluating...
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...Financial Scandals and the Role of Private Enforcement: The Parmalat Case Law Working Paper N° 40/2005 May 2005 Guido Ferrarini University of Genoa, Centre for Law and Finance and ECGI Paolo Giudici Free University of Bozen and Centre for Law and Finance © Guido Ferrarini and Paolo Giudici 2005. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. This paper can be downloaded without charge from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=730403 www.ecgi.org/wp ECGI Working Paper Series in Law Financial Scandals and the Role of Private Enforcement: The Parmalat Case Working Paper N° 40/2005 May 2005 Guido Ferrarini Paolo Giudici This Working Paper is based upon a draft prepared for the EU Corporate Law Making Conference (Cambridge, October 29-30, 2004) organized by Harvard Law School and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich). The authors are grateful to Gerard Hertig, Mark Roe, Donald Langevoort, and other conference participants for helpful comments. Drafts of this paper were also presented at the Yale Law School Alumni Meeting on October 8-10, 2004; at a meeting of the Associazione Via Isonzo held in Milan on October 10, 2004; and at a seminar at the Institute of Law and Finance (ILF), University of Frankfurt, on January 18, 2005. The authors are grateful to Theodore Baums, Andreas Cahn, Carmine Di Noia, Jon Macey,...
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