...PART Overview of Accounting Information Systems Chapter 1 The Information System: An Accountant’s Perspective 3 Introduction to Transaction Processing 31 Ethics, Fraud, and Internal Control 91 Chapter 2 I Chapter 3 1 CHAPTER The Information System: An Accountant’s Perspective nlike many other accounting subjects, such as intermediate accounting, accounting information systems (AIS) lacks a well-defined body of knowledge. Much controversy exists among college faculty as to what should and should not be covered in the AIS course. To some extent, however, the controversy is being resolved through legislation. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 established new corporate governance regulations and standards for public companies registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This wide-sweeping legislation impacts public companies, their management, and their auditors. Of particular importance to AIS students is the impact of SOX on internal control standards and related auditing procedures. Whereas SOX does not define the entire content of the AIS course, it does identify critical areas of study that need to be included for accountants. These topics and more are covered in the chapters of this text. The purpose of this chapter is to place the subject of AIS in perspective for accountants. Toward this end, the chapter is divided into three major sections, each dealing with a different aspect of information systems. The first section explores the...
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...Medicare Audits Affecting Healthcare Ecosystem Medicare is the most prominent health insurance program in the world; accounting for two percent of gross domestic production, seventeen percent of the U.S. health expenditures, and one-eighth of the government’s national budget. The major impact that this government payer program has in the healthcare ecosystem is the massive coverage it provides to the elderly and disabled. Costing about $260 billion annually, Medicare inaugurated the Recovery Audit Contractor (RAC) program to make claims more cost effective with the detection of over and under payments. The recovery audit was first drafted through Section 306 of the Medicare Modernization Act (MMA) of 2003 which directed the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to constitute a demonstration of the program. The required program began in 2005 and utilized RACs to isolate and correct inappropriate payments in the Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) program. According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) (2014), the demonstration ended in 2008 resulting over $900 million in overpayments and nearly $38 million in underpayments. The success of the audit trial gave CMS a “valuable new tool for preventing future inappropriate payments” (American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), 2009). This succession brought the recovery audit into legislation under Section 302 of the Tax Relief and Healthcare Act of 2006 which mandated a permanent...
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...explanations. Note: 11/2 marks each a. An attitude of “professional scepticism” is necessary if a CGA is to perform an audit engagement with due care. Which of the following best describes how a CGA may display an attitude of “professional scepticism” when performing an audit engagement? 1) 2) 3) 4) By assuming that management is dishonest in the absence of evidence to the contrary By not allowing clients’ staff to assist in the performance of an audit By rejecting all management assertions in the absence of supporting evidence By questioning all material assertions made by management b. Which of the following steps or modifications to an audit program is likely to be the most appropriate if an auditor assesses the risk of management fraud to be relatively high? 1) 2) 3) 4) c. Performing relatively less audit work at interim dates Placing greater reliance on management’s representations Performing less extensive tests of internal controls Assigning less experienced personnel to the engagement Generalized audit software, such as IDEA and ACL, can be used in a variety of ways during an audit engagement. Which of the following audit steps is a CGA most likely to perform using generalized audit software? 1) 2) 3) 4) Test compliance with a client’s internal controls. Implement a strategic systems-based audit of financial statements. Select a...
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...Technical Requirements: 7………………………………………………… Limits and Exclusions 8…………………………………….. Decision Making and Concern Levels Matrix 9………………………………High-Level Gantt Chart View, Work Breakdown Structure 10………………………………………………………… Risk Identification 11……………………………………………………………………….. Risk Identification C. 12……………………………………………………… Risk Assessment 13…………………………………………………… Risk Response Matrix 14……………………………………………………. First & Second Highest Risk 15……………………………………………………… Communication Plan 16………………………………………………. Communication Plan Matrix 17……………………………………… Performance Measurement and Control Approach 18……………………………………………………… Audit Process and Timetable 19…………………………………………………… Customer Review 20………………………………………………………Conclusion / Recommendation Executive Summary Through the use of personal computers, customized computer software, and unclassified databases, the Natural Resource Defense Council (NRDC) is now able to model nuclear conflict and approximate the effects of the use of nuclear weapons. For the first time, this allows nongovernmental organizations and scholars to perform analyses that approximate certain aspects of the U.S. The plan results from highly classified guidance from the President, the Secretary of Defense, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Joint Chiefs of Staff then set requirements for how much damage our nuclear warheads must achieve. Most of the requirements call on U.S. Strategic Command to target Russia, but China and other nations...
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...Case Study Country Case Study 8 February 2008 Systems for Verification of Legality in the Forest Sector, Malaysia: Domestic Timber Production and Timber Imports Adrian Wells (a.wells@odi.org.uk), Thang Hooi Chiew and Chen Hin Keong Contents 1. 2. Executive summary . . . . . . . pg. 3 . . . . . . . pg. 6 3. Law and policy governing forest management . . . . 3.1 Forests under the Federal Constitution . . . . 3.2 Forest management by the States . . . . . 3.3 Key jurisdictional differences between the Peninsula, Sabah and Sarawak . . . . pg. 7 pg. 7 pg. 8 pg. 9 4. Law and policy on wood-based industries and the timber trade . . . pg. 19 5. Responses to illegality in the forest sector . 5.1 Control of domestic timber production . 5.2 Control of timber imports . . . . . . . . . . . pg. 21 pg. 21 pg. 27 6. 7. Institutional structures for legal verification of domestic timber production and imports 6.1 Overview . . . . . . . 6.2 Peninsular Malaysia . . . . . . 6.3 Sabah . . . . . . . . 6.4 Sarawak . . . . . . . . 6.5 Timber imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . pg. 30 pg. 30 pg. 30 pg. 42 pg. 55 pg. 67 The...
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...Internal Audit Chapter 5 Review 1. A business process is the set of connected activities linked with each other for the purpose of achieving an objective or goal. 2. Two general types of business processes are present in most organizations that deliver goods and services: the operating processes and the management and support processes. The operating processes include strategic planning, product and service design and development, marketing, production/delivery, invoicing, and collection. The management and support processes include obtaining and managing the organization’s human resources (this could include hiring, training, benefits), managing financial resources (including budgeting, financial accounting, treasury), managing the information technology resources, managing physical resources (facilities management, security, maintenance, etc.), the organization’s compliance and governance systems, and the process for managing the organization’s external stakeholders (government relations, public relations, etc.). 5. A top-down approach begins at the entity level with the organization’s objectives, and then identifies the key processes critical to the success of each of the organization’s objectives. A bottom-up approach begins by looking at all processes directly at the activity level, and then aggregates the identified processes across the organization. 7. The two common methods used to document processes are process maps and process write-ups. Process...
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...COSO framework for assessing internal control adequacy. ANS: F PTS: 1 4. A qualified opinion on management’s assessment of internal controls over the financial reporting system necessitates a qualified opinion on the financial statements? ANS: F PTS: 1 5. The same internal control objectives apply to manual and computer-based information systems. ANS: T PTS: 1 6. The external auditor is responsible for establishing and maintaining the internal control system. ANS: F PTS: 1 7. Segregation of duties is an example of an internal control procedure. ANS: T PTS: 1 8. Preventive controls are passive techniques designed to reduce fraud. ANS: T PTS: 1 9. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires only that a firm keep good records. ANS: F PTS: 1 10. A key modifying assumption in internal control is that the internal control system is the responsibility of management. ANS: T PTS: 1 11. While the Sarbanes-Oxley Act prohibits auditors from providing non-accounting services to their audit clients, they are not prohibited from performing such services for non-audit clients or privately held companies. ANS: T PTS: 1 12. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires the audit committee to hire and oversee the external auditors. ANS: T PTS: 1 13. Section 404 requires that corporate management (including the CEO) certify their organization’s internal controls on a quarterly and annual basis. ANS: F PTS: 1 14. Section 302 requires the management of public companies to...
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...Audit Process Letter Laura Sferra ACC/546 November 23, 2015 Allen Foster Mrs. Susan Right Senior Partner Anderson, Olds, and Watershed 1 Shoe Street New York, NY. 90001 Dear Mrs. Right, Mr. Lancaster, President of Apollo Shoes, has expressed his satisfaction with the services that our firm offers and would like to continue with a full audit. Because our client does not want our firm to talk to the predecessor auditor, I recommend accepting a prospective engagement after I perform an investigation by gathering information about our client's reputation and background. Client acceptance and continuance procedures are the foundation of the risk assessment process (SAS No. 8). Upon acceptance of our client, I am confident that we will be able to move forward under the AICPA auditing standards to determine that the financial reporting framework is appropriate. My objective is to plan the audit so that it is conducted efficiently and effectively, in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards. I will take into consideration the preliminary planning activities such as the client acceptance, ethical position of our audit firm and our understanding of the entity and its environment, including its internal control, to develop an effective and efficient overall audit strategy that will appropriately respond to assessed risks. Our engagement letter, will include the timetable of fieldwork, the scope and duration of...
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...COMED421/0180/8:30-9:30PM PSA 401: Auditing in a Computer Information Systems Environment - The increasing availability of computer-based accounting systems that is capable of meeting both functional and economic circumstances of even the smallest entity impacts on the audits of those entities. Small entities’ accounting systems often make use of personal computers. Philippine Auditing Practice Statement 1001, “CIS Environments—Stand-Alone Personal Computers” gives additional guidance regarding the special considerations of such an environment. - Small entities are likely to use less sophisticated hardware and software packages than large entities (often “packaged” rather than developed “in house”). Nevertheless, the auditor has sufficient knowledge of the computer information system to plan, direct, supervise, and review the work performed. The auditor may consider whether specialized skills are needed in an audit. - Because of the limited segregation of duties, the use of computer facilities by a small entity may have the effect of increasing control risk. For example, it is common for users to be able to perform two or more of the following functions in the accounting system. • Initiating and authorizing source documents. • Entering data into the system. • Operating the computer. • Changing programs and data files. • Using or distributing output. • Modifying the operating systems. - The use of computer information systems by small entities may assist the...
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...accounting and economic reports, carried out during accounting year ends, the preparation of accounting records, book such as the profit and loss account, the balance sheet, cash book, cash flow statement, income and expenditure accounts. The application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), on accounting practice in Nigeria has become a subject of fundamental importance and concerns to all business enterprise and indeed a prerequisite for local and international competitiveness. It is obvious that the way accountants plan and take decision on what and how to provide their service in the accounting profession has been affected immensely by Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This has continued to change the manner in which accounting practice and their corporate relationships are organized worldwide and the variety of innovative device available to improve and facilitate the speed and quality service delivery. It is obvious that the biggest impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been made on accounting; and it is the ability of companies to develop and use computerized system to track and record financial transactions properly and accurately. The recording of business transaction manually on ledgers, papers, spread sheets etc has been translated and computerized for quick and easy presentation of individual financial transaction and give report on it. (Granlund & Mouritsen, 2003). A vital message of the...
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...accounting and economic reports, carried out during accounting year ends, the preparation of accounting records, book such as the profit and loss account, the balance sheet, cash book, cash flow statement, income and expenditure accounts. The application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), on accounting practice in Nigeria has become a subject of fundamental importance and concerns to all business enterprise and indeed a prerequisite for local and international competitiveness. It is obvious that the way accountants plan and take decision on what and how to provide their service in the accounting profession has been affected immensely by Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This has continued to change the manner in which accounting practice and their corporate relationships are organized worldwide and the variety of innovative device available to improve and facilitate the speed and quality service delivery. It is obvious that the biggest impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been made on accounting; and it is the ability of companies to develop and use computerized system to track and record financial transactions properly and accurately. The recording of business transaction manually on ledgers, papers, spread sheets etc has been translated and computerized for quick and easy presentation of individual financial transaction and give report on it. (Granlund & Mouritsen, 2003). A vital message of the...
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...Inc. The new client acceptance Decision ins tr uC t ional o b je C t ive s [1] To c a s e 1.1 Mark S. Beasley · Frank A. Buckless · Steven M. Glover · Douglas F. Prawitt help students understand the process of considering a new prospective audit client and the factors that auditors commonly consider in making the acceptance decision. [2] To give students experience in computing and interpreting preliminary analytical procedures commonly used in obtaining an understanding of a prospective client during the client acceptance decision process. [3] To raise issues relating to auditor independence in the context of client acceptance, both in terms of financial interests and the provision of non-audit services. To illustrate the subjective and sometimes difficult nature of the judgments involved in the client acceptance decision, and to give students the opportunity to justify a recommendation on client acceptance in the presence of both significant positive and negative factors. [5] To help students understand how information gathered in the client acceptance process can help the auditor in planning the audit if the client is accepted. [4] KEY FACTS The student takes on the role of a newly promoted audit manager recently given the task of considering factors and making a recommendation with respect to the acceptance of a new prospective client. The request to consider the engagement was received two weeks past the client’s fiscal year-end. The accounting...
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...CHAPTER 5 MAS PRACTICE STANDARDS AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS I. Questions 1. “Role” refers to the relationship of the CPA as a consultant to the client management and personnel. The basic role of the CPA in performing MAS is to provide advice and technical assistance to the client. 2. Practice standards are necessary in the consulting practice in order to promote the highest quality of performance of the practitioner. 3. Refer to page 71, par 2 4. Refer to page 71, par(s) 4 and 5 5. Refer to page 72, par 3 6. Refer to page 73, par 1 7. Refer to page 74, par(s) 2 to 4 8. Refer to page 75, par(s) 2 to 6 9. Refer to page 75, par 4 II. Multiple Choice Questions |D |D | | | |A |C | | | |C |D | | | |D |D | | | |D | | | | III. Cases Case 1 Nondisclosure is not considered an acceptable alternative because it makes you an accessory to the fact. Disclosure to the offending party only - with no action - may...
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...Syllabus Spring 2012 Times and Location: TTh 8:00 – 9:30 (unique no. 02320 for ACC 358C and 02405 for ACC 380K.4) TTh 9:30 – 11:00 (unique no. 02325 for ACC 358C and 02410 for ACC 380K.4) TTh 12:30 – 2:00 (unique no. 02335 for ACC 358C and 02420 for ACC 380K.4) TTh 2:00 - 3:30 (unique no. 02340 for ACC 358C and 02425 for ACC 380K.4) The morning classes will be held in GSB 2.122. The afternoon classes will be held in GSB 5.153. Note: Please attend the section in which you are enrolled. However, if an emergency or unavoidable conflict on a particular day causes you to miss class, you may attend another section. Please do not abuse this privilege. Instructor Mark Bradshaw, M.P.A., M.B.A., J.D. Forensics Consultant to PwC Audit Professor in Residence, KPMG (2007) Office: GSB.5.124E; Ph.: 475-8852; E-mail: mark.bradshaw@mccombs.utexas.edu Office hours: Tuesdays and Thursdays from 11:15 – 12:15 and by appointment. I generally prefer e-mail as a means of contact outside of class and office hours. Teaching Assistants Star Yuan, traditional M.P.A. student E-mail: star.y.yuan@gmail.com Ashley Ross, 5th year integrated M.P.A. student E-mail: ashley.ross@bba07.mccombs.utexas.edu Star and Ashley will assist with the grading of cases and exams. After graded cases are returned throughout the semester, they will schedule office hours to discuss such assignments. If you have grading or other questions concerning a case that has been returned, please make...
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...Seetharaman and Tan Wei Khong Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyber Jaya, Malaysia Abstract Purpose – To highlight the pressures that the auditors would face in the era of globalisation and the challenges they should be willing to accept in order to maintain trust and integrity. Design/methodology/approach – A wide range of articles and journals published in international journals as well as local journals has been reviewed. The areas covered include audit fraud, true and fair view interpretation, auditor independence and role of internal auditors. Further, ideas have also been obtained from critical write-ups in the business magazines on the fall of multinationals. Findings – A wide range of interpretation has been given by various groups of people on their understanding of the phrase “true and fair”. This has created great confusion as to the interpretation of the audit reports. This has been proven by the fall of many multinationals and the audit pioneers, Andersens. This is one of the causes of audit fraud and it is also seen that as the auditors face an enormous challenge as they enter the twenty-first century, they should be willing to change their attitudes towards their clients. Professionalism should be in the forefront, and an overhaul in the concept of “true and fair” could probably be the solution to harmonisation of the economy. Research limitations/implications – This paper lacks statistical data on the views of the authors. It is based purely on secondary...
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