...Cross-Cultural Psychology Stephanie Sorrell Psychology 450 February 24, 2014 Dr. Jenne Meyer Cross-Cultural Psychology Introduction Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior. There are many different branches and fields of psychology. The field of psychology that will be discussed within this paper is called cross-cultural psychology. Cultural psychology will also be discussed. To begin these types of psychology will be defined and the so the differences and similarities between the two will also be discussed. In order to fully grasp an understanding of cultural and cross-cultural psychology, the role of critical thinking within this scientific study as well as the methodology used in this field of psychology will also be discussed. In the conclusion of this paper, a deep understanding of cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology should be attained. This is yet another way in which people can attempt to understand why people, specifically groups of people, act the way they act, uphold certain traditions that they uphold and maintain certain customs that each culture has. It is only when a full knowledge of all similarities and differences amongst human beings is attained, that we can learn to work together as one for better of this world that we call home. Cultural Psychology In order to define cultural psychology, a definition of culture must first be stated. Culture is defined by the attitudes, behaviors, and symbols shared among a large group...
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...Psychology- the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context. That’s the definition given by Google. However, people agree that Psychology is more than a simple study of the mind. Psychology is a complex science, one that helps the Psychologist understand how the human mind behaves at any given time, helps the Psychologist comprehend how the human mind works. Psychology 101 states that Psychology has 5 basic goals, “Describe, Explain, Predict, Control, and Improve.” The goal of describing is to observe behavior and describe what was observed as unbiased as possible. Explaining is when a Psychologist has to analyze what was observed, and imagine the reason behind the actions. Predicting comes when we already know what and why it happens, and we want to figure out what will happen next. The next goal is controlling, which is another way of saying how we can stop what was predicted, to finally Improve the person’s life. Psychology, like every other science, has 2 major sections. Research, which increases knowledge of the subject, and practice, where our knowledge is used to solve problems in the world. Psychology touches many subjects, and has many different fields of study. About.com gives a few, “Biopsychology, clinical psychology, etc.” They also say that “psychology touches on a number of other subjects including biology, philosophy, anthropology, and sociology, new areas of research are continually...
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...Personal Reflection While being in AP Psychology I have realized many different things about the brain and how people's lives can be very affected by different disorders. We have discussed serious mental disorders that people are unwillingly faced with. From people having a simple anxiety disorder to someone suffering with schizophrenia, the brain has the ability to do incredible, yet devastating things. Throughout my experience in the class, it has influenced the ways that I see many different things. I am very lucky not to have a life changing psychological disorder. This has also influenced my possible career path. I feel as if it would be great to work with people that have these serious disorder on hope to help them. Although...
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...Running head: FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY Foundations of Psychology Heather Tarbunas Axia College University of Phoenix PSY 300 Dan Erickson September 3, 2012 Foundations of Psychology Psychology reminds me of a field of endless dreams. Once we think that we have an understanding of it, there is so much more to learn. For many years there has been much research done to help for us to better understand life. There have been many debates as to how the human mind works. Today what we are going to talk about are some of he major schools of thought that have been influential to our understanding of psychology. The first would be structuralism and functionalism. William Wundt was a man in which many referred to as the father of psychology. He was affiliated with Edward Titchener, an American psychologist who studied under Willam Wundt. William enjoyed studying the consciousness of people. His focus was based on trying to reduce the mental process down to the most basic of elements. Together they had identified the elements in the sensation of taste: sweet, sour, salty and bitter. William Wundt considered humans to be “emotional creatures” and assumed that all mental activities involved emotion, which preceded cognition.(Speilberger, Charles D (2006) Cross cultural assessment of emotional states and personality Vol. 11(4), p297-303) Tragically, after the death of Edward Titchener in 1927, the influence of structuralism had started to fade. Functionalism...
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...Foundations of Psychology Foundations of Psychology Psychology is an advanced study of human behavior, involving the mind and science. The ultimate goal is to understand humanity; however, many proposals have been rejected while some agreed upon. Psychology has not been an easy subject to understand fully or comprehend. Debates started when psychology established a subject different than biology or philosophy. The debate was to properly explain human behavior and the human mind. Many theories began to emerge, while others questioned the reliability and sources of the theorist. Many schools of thought have been created to teach and establish an understanding of the concepts involved (Psychology, 2003). Major Schools of Thought in Psychology Structuralism is the first school of thought created that is the most general. The concept is to break down the mental processes into the most basic concepts. Next functionalism was created from the concept of structuralism; it was formed to create a reaction to structuralism. Behaviorism was the next concept created in the 1950s. Behaviorism was based upon the environment and how the external environment has power over internal sources. Behaviorism is also constructed of observable behavior, the theories involved included classical conditioning and operant condition. Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis, which is the psychodynamic theory that addresses the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Freud believed that...
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...Money * Technology * Travel * More * Videos ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form * Arts & Literature * History * Sciences * School & Student Resources * More * About.com * About Education * Psychology * Cognitive Psychology 11 Great Ways to Improve Your Memory Research-Proven Techniques That Really Work By Kendra Cherry Psychology Expert Share this Psychology Categories * Psychology Dictionary: Terms from A to Z * Branches of Psychology * Psychology 101: The Basics * Careers in Psychology * Psychology Quizzes * Behavioral Psychology * Personality Psychology Free Email Newsletter ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Let About.com send you the latest from our Psychology Expert. You can opt-out at any time. Please refer to our privacy policy for contact information. Bottom of Form Do you find yourself forgetting where you left your keys or blanking out information on important tests? Fortunately, there are plenty of things that you can do to help improve your memory. Before your next big exam, be sure to check out some of these tried and tested techniques for improving memory. These research-proven strategies can effectively improve memory, enhance recall, and increase retention of information. Er Creatives Services Ltd/Iconica/Getty Images 1. Focus your attention on the materials...
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...Foundation of Psychology Paper Psychology is the deep study of the human mind and their behavior. The roots of psychology can be traced to both philosophy and physiology. Philosophy provides how interesting the study oft the mine is. Physiology refers to the scientific method or the tools used to explain mind and behavior. Psychology is used for the following; understanding the behavior of people, their thoughts, and feelings. In the world of psychology there are several schools that make up psychology, they are referring to the theories or thoughts of psychology. In this paper, the author will address the most important schools of psychology and their importance. These include structuralism/functionalism, Gestalt psychology, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, human psychology, and cognitive psychology. In addition, the author will briefly discuss primary biological foundations of psychology linked to behavior and what drives people. In order to understand the different schools of psychology, it is important to consider analyzing the brain and understand its terms that it serves as a function. The first school of psychology is structuralism. Structuralism is a theory came from the ideas of Edward Titchner, “his theory that the mind's functions -- action, affection, association, attention, imagination, memory, perception, recognition, sensation, and thought -- could be categorized as systematically as an elemental chart in chemistry.” ("NNDB Edward Titchner", 2014) This mean...
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...Foundations of Psychology Camille Sere' PSY/300 September 25, 2012 Shari Tumlin Foundations of Psychology In this paper I will identify and discuss the major school of thought in psychology and their underlying assumptions. I will also identify the primary foundations of psychology linked to behavior. After reading this it is my hope for readers to have a better understanding of these points. There are four schools of thought or perspectives that I am going to discuss. These are the psychodynamic perspective, behaviorist perspective, the cognitive perspective, and the evolutionary perspective. According to the text book Psychology, Sixth Edition, perspectives are broad ways of understanding psychological phenomena, including theoretical propositions, shared metaphors and accepted methods of observation. The first perspective or school of thought I am going to discuss is the psychodynamic perspective. According to the book the psychodynamic perspective rests on three key premises, the first being that people’s actions are determined by the way thoughts, wishes, and feelings are connected in their minds. Next, many of our mental events occur outside of conscious awareness. Third, our mental processes may conflict with one another, causing people to compromise among competing motives. This means that people most likely do not precisely know the chain of psychological events that leads to their conscious thoughts, intentions, feelings, or behaviors. In the...
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...Psychology p.1 Psychology Experiments Psychology p.2 Abstract I have just been asked to teach the concept of adaptation to a psychology class. I will conduct three experiments for this. Then I will write a paper that describes adaption and how I experienced it in my experiments. The paper will cover the following. I will fully describe process and results of the experiments that I chose. I will also answer what is sensory adaptation. Then I will explain the concept of sensory adaptation, and refer to my text for the definition of sensory adaptation. Next I will explain how adaptation is evident in each of my experimental results. I will provide a comprehensive description of the sensory systems that are involved in the experiments that I performed. This description will include what happens from the receptors to the brain. My discussion will illustrate what was experienced in each experiment. Finally I will discuss how adaptation is important from an evolutionary perspective. Psychology p.3 There are three experiments I will conduct and they are as fallows. Experiment 1: Rub your index fingers gently over a piece of very coarse sandpaper a few times and rate its coarseness on a scale from 1 (very soft) to 7 (very coarse). After a minute or two, rub the same finger over the paper and again rate its coarseness. Did your perception of the coarseness change? How? Record your reaction. In experiment 2 we will Prepare one cup with sugar water and one with fresh...
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...Exploring Psychology Careers Tyler Stone PSY/305 August 10, 2015 Beverly Nelson Exploring Psychology Careers While exploring the wonderful fields of Psychology there are many benefits that encourage me in seeking a degree and will hopefully encourage you as well. I will discuss the benefits that have made me want to seek a degree in psychology and then go on to get a graduate degree after getting my Bachelors. I will then compare two fields of psychology that I would like to possible seek a career in. Finally I will discuss the degree requirements for each what salary potential you will have if you seek a career in one of these to fields. The Benefits that helped me to decide to get a degree in Psychology are that an undergraduate degree can open up other opportunities in other career fields. According to American Psychological Association (2015), "An undergraduate degree remains excellent preparation for continued graduate work in Psychology or another field, such as business, medicine, or computer science. Many employers are interested in the skills that psychology majors bring to collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data and their experience with statistics and experimental design." (What is psychology?). Another benefit is if you seek a graduate degree according to the According to American Psychological Association (2015), "Opportunities for people with advanced degrees in psychology are expanding in number as well as in scope. The move toward preventing illness...
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...Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper PSY/360 December 10, 2013 In psychology there are several important factors and milestones in the development of cognitive psychology; each approach is important to the foundation of cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology’s purpose is to study the mental process to give a better understanding of how individuals think, what they remember, and how they perceive and process information. If we were to consider psychology as a discipline; the question then becomes what key elements are important and why. The ancient researchers of ancient Greece approximately 2, 400 years ago, made notes of how individuals reacted to different situations; “We can see that the answers that Greek philosophers came up with were not accurate; but were their questions at least good ones?” (Willingham, 2007, p. 7) “ Many books will tell you that the Greeks’ lasting contribution lies in the questions they raised, which set the agenda for future philosophers and eventually for cognitive psychology” (Willingham, 2007, p. 7). During a period noted as the Dark Ages, “few contributions were added to the philosophy of mind between the time of Aristotle, who died in 322 B.C., and the birth of Descartes at the end of the 16th century” (Willingham, 2007, p. 8). During the Renaissance period, the platform of cognitive psychology began to take on a more personal form and its findings not only appealed to researchers but to individuals. “The Renaissance brought...
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...Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Autumn Messina PSY/ 410 February 18, 2012 Stephen Sharp Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Over the years abnormal psychology has undergone so many different changes but finding the root of abnormal behaviors has been the one key element to these theories to help treat those suffering from a mental illness. In the paragraphs below there will be discussion about the origins of abnormal psychology and the challenges of defining and classifying normal and abnormal behavior. An overview of how abnormal psychology has evolved into scientific discipline and how psychosocial, biological/medical, and socioculture models are related to the development of abnormal psychology. Everybody around us is not perfect and we all have some type of misunderstanding about us but with some it is worse than others. Some people have problems with depression to obsession-compulsion and these behaviors would fall under abnormal psychology. For us to understand abnormal psychology we have to know what the meaning of abnormal means. Many of our behaviors follow what is called a normal curve. This curve is shaped like a bell and most individuals are clustered at the highest tip of the curve, which would be considered normal or average. According to Cherry (2012), “people who fall very far at either end of the normal curve might be considered abnormal” (para. 2). Many things in our life can cause stress or disruption, which...
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...History and Systems of Psychology History and Systems of Psychology The beginnings of Psychology seem to be up for debate. This is because it started off as as a totally different discipline. Philosophy is the true origin of Pyschology. In this paper these origins will be discussed along with the ideas, and systems that were put into play to allow Psychology to become its very own discipline. Psychology seems to be one of the oldest fields of science, and at the same time one of the youngest. This is because the main study of Psychology which is the mind, can be linked all the way back to Greek Philosophers of the 5th century B.C. People who view Psychology from this view see it as ancient. At the same time with the emergence of modern science, Psychologist began to use these new tools in Physical and Natural Sciences to take a more in depth and practical look at human behavior. People who take the latter into account view it as a very, very modern science. The first to delve into Psychology were the Ancient Greek Philosophers. These philosophers of the Old World stated that everything should be questioned. Socrates believed that the only thing he knows, is that he knows nothing. Being one of the first of the early philosophers to question everything including himself. He also believes what many Psychologist do today, that many people do bad things out of ignorance of knowing the bad that they are doing. Plato believed that humans are a body, which is material and mortal...
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...lead me into an education concentrating on Human Services, Psychology, and Criminal Justice. When I started attending school, I hadn’t narrowed down what field I really wanted to focus on. The following two tables will show what classes I have taken as required for core classes as well as major specific classes. I have highlighted, in yellow, the top five most influential classes that have inspired me in one way or another. CORE CLASSES Lecture Project Discussion Field Work Experimentation Research Senior Seminar x The Ancient World x Intro to Literature of the New Testament x Spanish I x Statistics for Social Sciences x Lifetime Fitness and Wellness x Music Appreciation x National Government x Survey of Math w/ Applications x Analysis of Text x New Student Seminar x Environmental Science x Development of Civilization x Intro to Speech Communication x Business Math x Composition I x MAJOR Lecture Project Discussion Field Work Experimentation Research Personality Theory and Assessment x Women and Crime x Intro to Philosophy x Techniques of Individual and Group Counseling x Psychology and Religion x Human Sexuality x Internship x Counseling Theories x Human Development x Addictive Behaviors x Abnormal Psychology x Intro to Human Services x Psychology Intro to Sociology x Gangs of America x ...
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...Foundations of Psychology Lisa Sauer Psy/300 2/23/2014 Belky Schwartz There are four major schools of thoughts in psychology that have been adapted by psychologist today. First let us look at the study of behaviorism; this discipline suggests that behavior is a learned process by external events. As with Pavlov and his dog experiment, human behavior then is much the same, our behavior is not from brain processes but from learned experiences. And that human behavior has nothing to do with thoughts or feelings but just with our learned experiences. Behaviorist does not try and study the actual workings of the brain. These researchers are much more interested in behavior as to what goes in must come out. Many behaviorists see the mind as a “black box” because the mind cannot be studied scientifically (Psychology, 6th Edition R. Kolwaski, 2011). The next school of thought would be that of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis where most behavior is on an unconscious level and humans are not even aware of the process. The three levels of that the theory rests on are our actions are because of our thoughts, wishes and wants. Then most of these ideas take place on our unconsciousness and lastly these processes compete with one another and so that we may actually not be aware of why behavior is occurring. Psychodynamic psychology uses studies to understand their theories and have been criticized heavily for relying on lying to subjects to get results. This type of work has a moral...
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