...To date online is to look for a partner using the internet, more specifically with the use of social media sites or dating applications. With dating online comes the creation of a dating profile. This is where individuals can edit a blank page to represents them in the online world. This is made so that others can view the page to determine if their compatible. However, dating online is completely reliant on the information disclosed by the user who can change everything about themselves with a touch of the keyboard. Jiang et al., study compares the effects of self-disclosure on relationship intimacy in computer-mediated communication. The article attempts to advance interpersonal theory by examining how receivers of disclosures react and the role of between self-disclosure. This is to say that with more positive responses from potential dates because of how they are presented online than the more likely they are to continue this editing with their online self-presentation. Gibbs et al., investigates self-disclosure in online dating using a national random sample of Match.com members. The authors explore the relation between self-disclosure and perceived success in online dating with support findings from the social penetration theory. Duguay’s article focuses more on the mobile dating applications, more specifically an application called Tinder, to identify the influences...
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...1. Entertainment-Education Introduction When television first started and for many years hence programmes focused on providing entertainment or information. The entertaining nature of programmes ensured its popularity and it cut across all lines and attracted large numbers of viewers who tuned in regularly to watch. The problem arose when it was noticed that such entertaining programmes were upping their popularity by introducing elements like sex and violence to grab more eyeballs. The alternative to these programmes were boring educational programmes that lacked attractive elements. The programmes focused on simply reproducing textual knowledge without taking care as to how such information was presented or packaged. People therefore had just two types of programmes to choose from and there was a feeling that the power of television was not being utilized for greater good. Entertainment education is therefore a communication strategy and a process by which media messages are planned and created with an aim to entertain and educate audiences so that they can live a happy, safe and value-filled life. These programmes first capture the attention of the masses by entertaining them and then educate them in a manner which is easily understood. Entertainment education programmes incorporate the best elements of entertainment and educational programmes to attract viewers with quality shows. These programmes are escapist in nature and introduce a new world to the people watching...
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...Crash, daringly tackles the issues of intercultural communication, and race in an unconventional way. It takes racism and makes it an open conversation amongst the characters to ensure the viewers can clearly identify each characters racial bias. As the characters in this movie communicate, there is frequent use of racial slurs, profanity, as well as racially driven insults and stereotypes, to further exaggerate the bigotry present in the film. Crash provides a series of examples that show just how powerful effective and ineffective communication can be when it comes to social relations. This film touches on various communication theories and concepts, in which many of the scenarios presented in Crash can be explained. These theories and concepts include: symbolic interaction theory (self concept), assumptions of communication accommodation theory (indirect stereotyping), assumptions of expectancy violations theory (violation valence), and cultural communication. Synopsis Director Paul Haggis’s, 2005 explosive film, Crash, tells a very provocative story of how absolute strangers can impact each others lives in both negative and positive ways. In a seemingly coincidental chain of events the multicultural characters of this movie are in one way or another connected. Within a thirty – six hour period in Los Angeles California, about eight main characters lives are intertwined, as they...
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...the public becoming sick from consuming their product are inspected more often than those that pose a lesser risk. The amount of risk is determined by risk factors. These risk factors include the type of food served, amount of population that is required, the population that is served, and the quantity of food that is prepared. Cafeteria workers have made many students sick by not wearing proper gloves or reporting to work when having infectious disease. Food borne illness are especially concerning for children because they do not have the immune system needed to handle virus unlike adults. School ask for help for the checklist to know what sanitation standards are needed. International School for Food Protection (ISFP) was developed to provide an environment different from traditional professional adults learning experience. According to Chuck Jolley, to meet the complex food safety facing the Food Industry, the ISFP curriculum is influenced by the Science and Technology to reflect the changes taking place in the food industry. It encourages people to look at old problems in new ways I order to find unique solutions. The Food Service Operation of the Chambersburg Area School District in Franklin, Pennsylvania is extremely concerned with the food safety that they served to the students of the district....
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...------------------------------------------------- Module 1 Submit a written report discussing the present organizational set-up where you are working considering the following: 1. Organizational Chart 2. Mission and Vision of the Company 3. Objectives of the Firm 4. Incentives and Rewards of the Firm, and 5. Sanctions and Punishment for any Violations of Employees within the Firm ------------------------------------------------- The Tarlac Provincial Hospital is a 200 bed capacity tertiary training and teaching hospital. It is one of the four developed hospital under the Provincial Government of Tarlac. It is situated in a 9 hectare concreted fence compound with the following physical facilities: 3-storey main hospital building, cottages for officials and employees, power plant with generator, provincial warehouse (supply office), OPD Building, MCH Center, maintenance shop and laundry room, Chapel, 10 bed nutrition rehab ward, badminton court/pelota and basketball/volleyball court. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Organizational Chart ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Mission ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- > To provide accessible...
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...performance. 2. Describe four content motivation theories. 3. Describe two process motivation theories. 4. State how reinforcement is used to increase performance. 5. List the four steps in the model for giving praise. 6. Identify the four parts of the model for writing objectives. 7. Explain the three steps of managing by objectives. 8. State ways to enrich, design, and simplify jobs. 9. Explain possible limitations of using motivation theories outside North America. 10. Define the following 16 key terms (in order of appearance in the chapter): motivation performance formula content motivation theories needs hierarchy two-factor theory manifest needs theory process motivation theories expectancy theory CHAPTER OUTLINE The Importance of Motivation What Is Motivation and Why Is It Important? How Motivation Affects Behavior, Human Relations, and Performance Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. equity theory reinforcement theory giving praise objectives management by objectives (MBO) job enrichment job design job simplification Content Motivation Theories Schedules of Reinforcement Organizational Reinforcement for Getting Employees to Come to Work and to Be on Time Motivation Techniques Giving Praise Needs Hierarchy Objectives and MBO ERG Theory Job Enrichment Two-factor Theory Job Design Manifest Needs Theory Putting the Motivation Theories Together How Organizations Meet Employee...
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...Introduction to Communication Theory What is communication; ● ● ● “The process by which people interactively create, sustain and manage meaning” (D&Z, p 2), It is how we plan, control, manage, persuade, understand, lead, love, and so on, Competent communication: both effective (achieving goal) and appropriate (follow social expectation). What is theory; Theory is about what we know and how we know it. ● Theories provide an abstract understanding of the communication process (Miller, 2002), ● A lens through see the world, which highlights some things (and ignores others!) (D&Z, 3), ● A systematic summary about the nature of the communication process. There are 3 types of theories: 1. Commonsense theory -Created by an individuals own personal experience, -Useful to us and are often a basis for our decisions about how to communicate, -These theory’s are not supported by research. 2. Working theory -Generalizations made in particular professions about the best techniques doing something, -Practical and more systematic than commonsense theory. 3. Scholarly theory -The theory has undergone systematic research, -Provides more thorough accurate and abstract explanations for communication, -They are often more complex and difficult to understand. Evaluating theory; These are some criteria for evaluating the usefulness of the theory. Not good or bad. What to look for Accuracy Has the research supported that the theory works the way it says it does? Look at the research studies that...
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...ability to share is communication. Proverbs 12:18 instructs us that sharing “The word of the reckless pierce like swords, but the tongue of the wise brings healing” (New International Version). Interpersonal communication is a complex two-way process, with people sending and receiving messages to and from each other simultaneously. Effective flow of interpersonal communication happens when cooperation, collaboration, and compromise occur. Griffin defines it as “the process of creating unique shared meaning (Griffin, 1987, p. 13). Acquiring effective communication is helpful in the achievement of personal goals as well as the ability to effect others. This process is not only determined by what is said, but by how it was said, and how the system supports the group network. The recent death of visionary leader, Nelson Mandela, guided me to seek how he became the President of the country that also had imprisoned him. Judee Burgoon’s Expectancy Violations Theory attempts to explain one’s reactions to unexpected behavior of other’s, and the various meanings that people attribute to the violation. Mandela’s father, Gadla Henry...
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...Volume 3 Number 1 2004 Accounts Manipulation: A Literature Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework by Hervé Stolowy, HEC School of Management (Groupe HEC), Department of Accounting and Management Control, 1, rue de la Libération, 78351 - Jouy en Josas Cedex, France and Gaétan Breton, Université du Québec à Montreal, Department of Accounting Sciences, P.O.B. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal (Québec), H3C 3P8 - Canada Abstract Accounts manipulation has been the subject of research, discussion and even controversy in several countries including the USA, Canada, the U.K., Australia, Finland and France. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature and propose a conceptual framework for accounts manipulation. This framework is based on the possibility of wealth transfer between the different stakeholders, and in practice, the target of the manipulation appears generally to be the earnings per share and the debt/equity ratio. The paper also describes the different actors involved and their potential gains and losses. We review the literature on the various techniques of accounts manipulation: earnings management, income smoothing, big bath accounting, creative accounting, and window-dressing. The various definitions of all these, the main motivations behind their application and the research methodologies used are all examined. This study reveals that all the above techniques have common elements, but there are also important differences...
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...`PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT Summer 2015 MGT 307 J. ANDREW MORRIS andrew.morris@csuci.edu 805-437-2771 “The function of education, therefore, is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. But education which stops with efficiency may prove the greatest menace to society. The most dangerous criminal may be the man gifted with reason, but with no morals…We must remember that intelligence is not enough. Intelligence plus character — that is the goal of true education. The complete education gives one not only power of concentration, but worthy objectives upon which to concentrate…”– Martin Luther King Jr, The Purpose of Education INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES: 1. Understand the different managerial functions and roles. 2. Explore the five basic managerial skills/competencies and their relative importance. Management can be defined as: the process of planning, organizing, and controlling the efforts of organization members and of using all other organizational resources to achieve stated goals. Management blends together two types of knowledge: Science - based on established general laws Art - skill acquired through experience; the application of knowledge. The Management Process Management is an ongoing process which includes the following functions: Planning - set objectives and procedures Organizing - Design the organization to carry out objectives Leading - getting others to perform necessary tasks Controlling - monitoring performance...
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...toward new pradigim Towards A New Paradigm for Economics Asad Zaman Director General International Institute of Islamic Economics International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract. Current economic theory is mainly concerned with the factors which affect the wealth of nations. Issues of income distribution and elimination of poverty and deprivation is secondary. The present paper invites discussion on a new paradigm: hunger and homelessness to make the subject of economics really serve the humankind. 1. Focus of Conventional Economics is Wealth and not Poverty Current Economic theory is firmly set in the mold structured by Adam Smith 1904). His concern was to look into factors which affect the wealth (and hence power, prosperity) of nations considered as a whole. Issues of income distribution are secondary, since wealth belongs to the nation regardless of how it is distributed among individuals. Since then, economists have been primarily interested in wealth and power, and not so much in removing poverty, hunger and economic misery. Malthus (1798) provided a convenient sop for consciences, showing that poverty arose as a consequence of natural laws (all proven wrong empirically later) and the only cure was to reduce the birth rate of the poor. Tawney (1926) has looked at the process by which morality got divorced from economics in much greater detail; because of this, questions of fairness, equity, justice no longer form part of current economic discourse...
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...Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank to accompany A First Look at Communication Theory Sixth Edition Em Griffin Wheaton College prepared by Glen McClish San Diego State University and Emily J. Langan Wheaton College Published by McGrawHill, an imprint of The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright Ó 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997, 1994, 1991 by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The contents, or parts thereof, may be reproduced in print form solely for classroom use with A First Look At Communication Theory provided such reproductions bear copyright notice, but may not be reproduced in any other form or for any other purpose without the prior written consent of The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. PREFACE Rationale We agreed to produce the instructor’s manual for the sixth edition of A First Look at Communication Theory because it’s a first-rate book and because we enjoy talking and writing about pedagogy. Yet when we recall the discussions we’ve had with colleagues about instructor’s manuals over the years, two unnerving comments stick with us: “I don’t find them much help”; and (even worse) “I never look at them.” And, if the truth be told, we were often the people making such points! With these statements in mind, we have done some serious soul-searching about the texts that so many teachers—ourselves...
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...1 The Evolution of Music in Film and its Psychological Impact on Audiences By Stuart Fischoff, Ph.D. “I feel that music on the screen can seek out and intensify the inner thoughts of the characters. It can invest a scene with terror, grandeur, gaiety, or misery. It can propel narrative swiftly forward, or slow it down. It often lifts mere dialogue into the realm of poetry. Finally, it is the communicating link between the screen and the audience, reaching out and enveloping all into one single experience.” Film composer Bernard Herrmann. Why Is There Music in Film? The general feeling about film is that it is singularly a visual experience. It is not. While we certainly experience film through our eyes, we just as surely experience it through our ears. Especially today, particularly with modern home and theater sound systems offering multi-channel sound and high fidelity. Films are generally fantasies. And fantasies by definition defy logic and reality. They conspire with the imagination. Music works upon the unconscious mind. Consequently, music works well with film because it is an ally of illusion. Music plays upon our emotions. It is generally a non-intellectual communication. The listener does not need to know what the music means, only how it makes him feel. Listeners, then, find the musical experience in film one that is less knowing and more feeling. The onscreen action, of course, provides clues and cues as to how the accompanying music does...
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...Planck Institute for Psychological Research, Munich, Germany Humans and other animals need to make inferences about their environment under constraints of limited time, knowledge, and computational capacities. However, most theories of inductive inferences model the human mind as a supercomputer like a Laplacean demon, equipped with unlimited time, knowledge, and computational capacities. In this article I review models of fast and frugal inference, that is, satisficing strategies whose task is to infer unknown states of the world (without relying on computationaly expensive procedures such as multiple regression). Fast and frugal inference is a form of bounded rationality (Simon, 1982). I begin by explaining what bounded rationality in human inference is not. 1. Bounded Rationality is Not Irrationality In his chapter in John Kagel and Alvin Roth’s Handbook of Experimental Economics (1995), Colin Camerer explains that “most research on individual decision making has taken normative theories of judgment and choice (typically probability rules and utility theories) as null hypotheses about behavior,” and has labeled systematic deviations from these norms “cognitive illusions” (p. 588). Camerer continues, “The most fruitful, popular alternative theories spring from the idea that limits on computational ability force people to use simplified procedures or ‘heuristics’ that cause systematic mistakes (biases) in problem solving, judgment, and choice. The roots of this approach are...
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...CHAPTER 11 - LEADERSHIP AND TRUST LEARNING OUTCOMES After reading this chapter, students should be able to: 1. Define the term “leader” and explain the difference between managers and leaders. 2. Summarize the conclusions of trait theories of leadership. 3. Describe the Fiedler contingency model. 4. Summarize the path-goal model of leadership. 5. Explain situational leadership. 6. Identify the qualities that characterize charismatic leaders. 7. Describe the skills that visionary leaders exhibit. 8. Explain the four specific roles of effective team leaders. 9. Identify the five dimensions of trust. Opening Vignette SUMMARY Jack Hartnett, D.L. Rogers Corp., president, leads by combining ingredients from both the Stone Age and the New Age. Hartnett prides himself on knowing everything about his employees--both at work and at home. Is Hartnett's style intrusive? Yes! But neither he nor his employees consider it a problem. He believes that the more he knows about his workers, the more he can help them stay focused at work and happy at home. But if you think he's "Mr. Nice Guy," think again. Hartnett instructs his employees to "do it the way we tell you to do it." He's perfectly comfortable using the authority in his position to make rules and dish out punishments. Break one of his rules twice and he'll fire you. The managers who work for Hartnett are well compensated for meeting his demanding requirements. Does Hartnett seem inconsistent? Maybe. He believes...
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