...JOIDES Resolution ship is able to drill far deeper into the ocean floor than the Glomar Challenger. * Using the maps and diagrams on the Web site, where are the major concentrations of the world's earthquakes? Where are most earthquakes in Europe? The major concentrations of the world’s earthquakes occur in countries, which are near the Ring of Fire in the Pacific Ocean. The most earthquakes in Europe occur in the collision zone of Eurasian and African plates. The Mediterranean regions where countries like Turkey, Greece, and Italy are located are where the majority of earthquakes in Europe occur. * What undersea hot springs were discovered in 1977? What is remarkable about these (and other) undersea hot springs? On the Galapagos Rift off the coast of Ecuador scientist discovered hot springs at a depth of 2.5 kilometers. It is remarkable that these hot springs can be as hot as 380 degrees Celsius and are home to some of the earth’s most diverse ecosystems in the world. This ecosystem is sustained not by the suns energy but by chemosynthesis. * Briefly define the four types of plate boundaries and give an example of each. Divergent boundaries are boundaries where tectonic plates are moving apart from one another. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a divergent boundary. Convergent boundaries are the boundaries where tectonic plates are moving towards each...
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...Name:___________________________ Date:___________________ Period:________ How Can Volcanic Landforms Form Far Away From Plate Boundaries? 1) What are the places where islands are formed far away from a plate boundary (ex: Hawaiian Islands)? A) offset B) hot spot C) volcanic island arc 2) When magma rises from inside the Earth through the lithosphere to the surface thanks to a hot spot, what will form when the lava would build up? A) volcanic island B) ocean floor C) undersea volcano 3) A volcanic island may eventually form when ___________. A) New oceanic lithosphere is placed over the hot spot as the oceanic plate moves. B) The amount of cooled lava on the ocean floor would build up over time and reach the surface. C) A strong convection current from the mantle pushes the magma from the hot stop rapidly towards the surface....
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...consider when determining “hot spot” locations, especially when the information is coming from a computer or the actual patrol officer who works in the area on a daily basis. Through my training and experience, both are correct and must be respected. The perspective of “hot spots” through analysis and research, as we have come to learn about research is that there is “no perfect research or study.” There is room in the research for bias, miscalculations, in complete analysis or simply the information can be gathered incorrectly. I do not entirely discredit the research; however, it must include the insight of the patrol officers to make the evaluation complete. There is the possibility that the information gathered...
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...Due date: ___________________ Name ___________________________________________ Plate Tectonics Exercise (20 points) PLATE BOUNDARIES There are three different types of lithosphere plate boundaries associated with different types of topographic features and tectonic activity. These are: Divergent boundaries (also called “spreading centers). At divergent boundaries, plates are moving apart. The most common kind of spreading center is the midocean ridge where new ocean floor is created. Spreading may also take place within a continent. In this case, blocks of crust may drop down as the land is pulled apart, creating a rift valley. Convergent boundaries These boundaries involve collision of lithosphere plates, which may occur in three different circumstances. 1. Oceanic – continental plate convergence. If the edge of an oceanic plate collides with the edge of a continental plate a subduction zone is formed. The denser oceanic plate subducts (plunges) beneath the continent, producing a deep oceanic trench. As the oceanic lithosphere descends, partial melting of the rock along the contact zone occurs. The magma that is produced rises toward the surface and produces a chain of volcanic mountains on the land mass parallel to the collision boundary, such as the Andes in South America. 2. Oceanic – oceanic plate convergence. In this case, subduction also takes place. A deep ocean trench forms along with a chain of volcanic islands. An example of such an island arc is the Aleutian...
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...Article Title: The dynamics of robbery and violence hot spots http://www.crimesciencejournal.com/content/4/1/33 Date: 12/10/2015 Author: Herrmann, Christopher R. Why the study was done To expand on crime occurring in geographic and temporal hotspots spatiotemporally (abstract) To understand spatial and temporal shifts of crime hotspots (background 2) To research shifting hotspots (background 3) to answer the following questions how do violent crime hotspots shift from weekday to weekend? (4) how do violent crime hotspots shift from daytime to evening/nighttime? (4) are there temporal shifts within and/or between violent crime hotspots? (4) What was done Study area The Bronx (Data and Methodology 3) Level(s) of aggregation “micro-level” (background)...
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...of a hot spot. (7marks) Hot spots are anomalies in the pattern of volcanic activity upon plate margins. They are often in the middle of plates. A hot spot can be described as a small area of the earth’s crust where an unusually high heat flow or plume is associated with volcanic activity. Of approximately 125 hot spots thought to have been active over the past 10 million years most are located well away from plate boundaries. It is the fact that they have posed so much trouble for plate tectonic theories, as they don’t fit with the general trend that most seismic and volcanic activity happens at margins. There are several examples of volcanic activity away from plate boundaries such as Yellowstone national park. These hot spots are formed by huge columns of up swelling lava because of radioactivity within the earth, these columns are known as plumes. The plume of plastic molten rock that pushes upwards; causing pressure to drop and the plastic thin rock to become molten, melting and pushing through the crust above. These plumes lie in fixed positions under tectonics plates. As the plate moves over the hot spot, the upwelling lava creates a steady succession of new volcanoes that migrate across the plate. These plumes can be up to 1000km across. The emperor sea mount chain is a good example of plume activity; showing the variation of activity within the succession as the plates move over the plume. This chain extends 5000km along the Pacific Ocean. The first hot spot...
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...east of Madagascar. 2) Yellowstone- Not everyone is familiar with Yellowstone, but it is a volcanic region known for geysers (jets of hot water/steam) in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho (USA). A gorgeous National Park to visit. 3) Olympus Mons on Mars. All of these volcanoes have similarities and differences. As with any analysis of volcanism, it generally comes down to crustal chemistry and the sources of the magma that erupts. Compare the volcanoes using these questions. Perhaps make up a table... a) How did these volcanoes form? Plate tectonics? Plume? How do we know? Reunion | •This was formed from a mantle hot spot. •3 calderas formed 250,000, 65000, and 5000 years ago by slumping of the volcano. | Yellowstone | It all started with a hot spot beneath Yellowstone. Approximately, 600 thousand years ago the hot spot released hot magma towards the surface and pushing the earth’s crust upwards thus creating a large chamber which was filled with magma. Cracks formed over time due to the large pressure inside the dome and a huge eruption expelled magma, emptying the top part of the chamber. Earth’s crust collapsed and formed a caldera. Magma kept flowing into the caldera for the next 500 thousand years. | Olympus Mons | Olympus mons formed by hot spot plume. - no tectonic plate movement Unlike earth with tectonic movement where the hot spot moves from one area to another, causing creation of multiple volcanoes ( Hawaii). The hotpsot on Olympus mon is stagnant, when lava...
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...through hot spots that are around the world. There are three different places where igneous rocks can form; where the lithospheric plates pull apart at mid ocean ridges, where plates come together at seduction zones, and where continental crust is pushed together making the crust thicker and allowing it to heat to a melting point. The word igneous comes from the Latin word for fire, igneous rocks start off as a hot, fluid material which is usually erupted from the Earth’s surface as lava, or magma at shallow depths or deep depths. Magma is a mush like material that can carry a load of minerals, but people often think of lava and magma as a liquid like material of molten metals. The three types of igneous rocks are extrusive, intrusive and platonic rocks. Extrusive rocks are rocks that form and cool on the crust of the Earth whether it is on the continental crust or the oceanic crust. Extrusive rocks cool quickly, within a few seconds to months and they have invisible or very small grains; extrusive rocks have an aphanitic texture. Intrusive rocks are rocks that form within already existing rocks causing sills and dikes. Intrusive rocks cool slower than extrusive rocks, taking over thousands of years to cool completely and leaving them with small to medium sized grains. Plutonic rocks take over millions of years to cool and have large “pebble” size grains. These “pebbles” are often up to a meter across. Both intrusive and platonic rocks have a phaneritic texture. Hot spots are another...
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...lack of it. There are nearly 30,000 public wireless "hot spots" in the United States at places such as parks and cafes, but there's more to consider than just where to log on. The convenience comes with a caveat. "Understand that the information you're sending is very similar to standing up here in the park and shouting out all the information -- would I normally do that?" said Richard Rushing, a wireless expert with security firm Air Defense who visited an Atlanta park to show security vunerabilities. Rushing is considered an "ethical hacker" and works with companies to strengthen their wireless networks. He said many people don't realize they could have all their personal data stolen while checking out their checking account. "It's great to be able to sit somewhere and work without having any wires attached, no nothing attached, but you have that risk that it comes back to," Rushing said. At the park, Rushing was able to log onto an unsecured hotel wireless signal in a matter of seconds. To illustrate how vulnerable such networks can be, Rushing then sent an e-mail and intercepted the entire contents of the message. He could've done the same thing to any of the dozens of people sitting nearby in the park. "At any point in time, I can reach out and touch everyone's laptop at the hot spot, and there's usually not any way of preventing that -- from me touching and looking at other people's stuff at the hot spot itself," Rushing said. He also demonstrated a growing...
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...building block of its existence, its inception, was inadequate because it was facilitated by a small group of individuals that were farmers by trade, and not law enforcement. Only within the last twenty years was it recognized as the emerging policing agency after a battle the State Police. Perhaps, if VCPD selected members of the State Police during their initial development, instead of their farmer friends, some of the subsequent problems could have in fact been avoided. Another issue with the organization of the VCPD, is the lack of professional qualifications among its members. “In most countries, candidates for the police force must have completed some formal education. Many police forces around the world have now developed a program where selectees with university degrees spend two to three years as a...
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...Hot packs are used to soothe stretched out or injured muscles. You are probably wondering what a hot pack is; a device that you put on a sore spot and that device starts to become warm. You can get hot packs from where you get your groceries, online, pharmacies, etc. Inside of the hot pack are sodium acetate crystals which trigger the device to become warm. This process is called exothermic, meaning release of heat/energy. Hot packs can potentially soothe your injuries or sore spots. Hot packs and cold packs are different devices, but they can be used to heal/soothe the same sore spot or injury on your body. When you first activate a hot pack it takes time for it to actually start to get warm. When you place the hot pack into warm/hot water the heat flow is usually high temperature to a low temperature, when the water has reached the hot pack. There is a balance of systems for the hot pack. Cold packs are the opposite of a hot pack but can do the same thing as a hot pack, which is heal an injury. Cold packs and hot packs are different, but both types of packs can heal you....
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...Departments. The New York Police Department used COMPSTAT to manage crime. COMPSTAT has been proven to be extremely effective within the New York Police Department. It has become a great success in controlling crimes and its disorder within the police jurisdiction. COMPSTAT is used for strategic decision-making when targeting crime in areas of the city. COMPSTAT is a database that includes daily crime counts by each precinct (Henry, ). In the beginning, police officers of the New York Police Department hand wrote crime complaint reports and the clerical personnel of the precinct typed every single data that was found. The data was viewed by the department supervisors. COMPSTAT has also been used for crime-mapping technology to determine location where crime was taken place (Henry, ). Just like COMPSTAT, police officer uses...
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...from a magma chamber below the surface of the planet. Tectonic plates cover the surface of the planet and are constantly moving. Volcanoes are generally found where these plates converge or diverge. Not only are volcanoes found in these areas but also where the Earth’s crust is stretching or thinning. There are volcanoes that form away from plate boundaries in areas that are called “hot-spots”. An example of “hot-spot” volcano formation is the Hawaiian Islands. Figure 1: (Kreger, 2010) The image above shows that volcanoes are created by hot magma that rises from the Earth’s core and expels through the cracks of the upper mantle and ocean crust. The movement of the Earth’s plates forms these cracks on the surface of the ocean crust. Every Island is made of one or more volcanoes that have erupted many times and emerged above sea level. A seamount is a mountain that rises above the Ocean floor that is of volcanic origin and does not rise above sea level. Most seamounts are formed from extinct volcanoes that have been eroded and grounded back down by waves. Loihi is an example of an active seamount that is currently being studied because of its assumed Island formation. Because Loihi is located before the Island of Hawaii, it is believed that it will become an Island soon enough. Loihi is slowly moving across the hot spot and growing from its continuous eruptions. By observing the growth of Loihi and the patterns of eruptive activity of older seamounts, geologists can study the...
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...policing has gained a significant position in American law enforcement procedures (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1999). This process has come to be known as the problem-solving process of policing. These problem-solving strategies focus on crime generators and hot spots that plague law enforcement agencies in the United States (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1999). There are many ways to reduce these hot spots with community programs in policing. This could include neighborhood watch groups and local business owners to control the rate of crime in the community. This increases surveillance within the community and cuts down on the number of police in these areas. The citizens in these communities and local business owners can report the findings to the local police for further investigation. Why focus on hot spots? Residential locations can generate as much as 85 percent of the repeat calls for service. Moreover, research indicates that in many communities, more than 50 percent of the calls for service come from only 10 percent of the locations Identifying these hot spots through crime analysis and crime-specific planning can lower the level and the fear of crime (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1999). With these hot spots out of the way, than your local law enforcement officers can focus more on other high crime ridden areas within a town or city. Community policing is, in essence, collaboration between the police...
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...because nuclear scans generate pictures based on the body’s chemistry rather than on physical shapes and forms. A radionuclide scan can be done for many reasons. Some of which include bone, kidney, lung, heart, and thyroid scans. A bone scan is one of the more common types, which is used to find areas of bone where there is damage, infection, or even cancer. They can be seen as ‘hot...
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