...cost-saving among Corporate America is taking shape in the form of job outsourcing from blue collar to white collar – It used to be that jobs going overseas are based from the manufacturing sector, but now the CEO’s are taking the type of outsourcing to the next level in the service and high-tech sector, meaning software and various design engineers can be outsourced overseas and cut their overhead expenditure by 15%. This has been costing the host country’s availability of skilled jobs in the years to come. 2. Questions a. Number each question. Each specific question under the numbered Case Discussion Questions should be a paragraph in length because many Case Discussion Questions contain more than one question. Be sure to restate each question before answering it. b. Apply the concepts from the appropriate chapters in your answers. Chapter 6: a. Who benefits from the outsourcing of skilled white-collar jobs to developing nations? Who are the losers? At the expense of American white-collar jobs, the ones who stand to benefit from outsourcing are the developing nations where the multinational companies have set up offices thanks to free trade and globalization. “Multinational corporations doing some business in their markets can locate their production in the very markets into which they are selling”. (1) b. Will developing nations like the United States suffer from the loss of high-skilled and high-paying jobs? It is hard to...
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...Chapter 6 Quick Questions: International Trade Theory 1. What is the major benefit of trade identified in theories of international trade? 2. What do theories of international trade teach us about the patter of trade in the world economy? 3. How do trade theories inform government policy? 4. What are the main differences among mercantilism, Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage, and David Ricardo’s Theory of comparative advantage? 5. Why is the theory of comparative advantage so important in today’s world? 6. According to the theory of comparative advantage, what is the relationship between free trade and economic growth? Does the empirical evidence support this prediction? 7. What is the criticism that Paul Samuel made of theories that advocate free trade? 8. How is the Heckscher-Olin theory different from the theory of comparative advantage? 9. What is the Leontief paradox? Why is it important? 10. What are the central predictions of the product lifecycle theory? What are the limitations of this theory? 11. What does new trade theory tell us about the patter of trade in the world economy? 12. What are the implications of new trade theory for government policy? 13. According to Porter/s theory of national competitive advantage, what are the elements explain why different countries achieve international success in certain industries? 14. What are the implications of Porter’s Theory for government policy? 15. What...
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...INTRODUCTION AN OVERVIEW OF TRADE THEORY The Benefits of Trade The Pattern of International Trade Trade Theory and Government Policy MERCANTILISM Country Focus: Is China a Neo-Mercantilist Nation? ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE The Gains from Trade Qualifications and Assumptions Extensions of the Ricardian Model Country Focus: Moving U.S. White Collar Jobs Offshore HECKSCHER-OHLIN THEORY The Leontief Paradox THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE THEORY Evaluating the Product Life Cycle Theory NEW TRADE THEORY Increasing Product Variety and Reducing Costs Economies of Scale, First Mover Advantages and the Pattern of Trade Implications of New Trade Theory NATIONAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: PORTER’S DIAMOND Factor Endowments Demand Conditions Related and Supporting Industries Firm Strategy, Structure, Rivalry Evaluating Porter’s Theory Management Focus: The Rise of Finland’s Nokia FOCUS ON MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS Location First-Mover Advantages Government Policy SUMMARY CRITICAL THINKING AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CLOSING CASE: Trade in Information Technology and U.S. Economic Growth Learning Objectives 1. Understand why nations trade with each other. 2. Be familiar with the different theories explaining trade flows between nations. 3. Understand why many economists believe...
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...No. 2005-12-A Office of Economics Working Paper U.S. International Trade Commission Growth in Services Outsourcing to India: Propellant or Drain on the U.S. Economy? William Greene* U.S. International Trade Commission January 2006 *The author is with the Office of Economics of the U.S. International Trade Commission. Office of Economics working papers are the result of the ongoing professional research of USITC staff and are solely meant to represent the opinions and professional research of individual authors. These papers are not meant to represent in any way the views of the U.S. International Trade Commission or any of its individual Commissioners. Working papers are circulated to promote the active exchange of ideas between USITC Staff and recognized experts outside the USITC, and to promote professional development of Office staff by encouraging outside professional critique of staff research. Address correspondence to: Office of Economics U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 USA No. 2006-01-A OFFICE OF ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER U.S. INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION Growth in Services Outsourcing to India: Propellant or Drain on the U.S. Economy? William Greene U.S. International Trade Commission January 2006 The authors is with the Office of Economics of the U.S. International Trade Commission. Office of Economics working papers are the result of the ongoing professional research of USITC Staff and are solely meant to represent...
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...spending However, s g. short-term rea action to the worldwide economic do e ownturn dom minated policy discussions. A long-stan y . nding debate about joinin the Eurozo was given new saliency when the European Ce ng one n entral Bank lowered its ra on ate “refin nancing opera ations,” which provided liq h quidity to the Eurozone, ju days befor Lars Løkke took e ust re e office. Denmark was a member of the Europ w r pean Union but had retain its own cu ned urrency, the k krone. Likew wise, plans for rmulated a year ago to ex xpand the Dan nish workforc by looseni labor rule and ce ing es reduc cing welfare benefits had b b become unpop pular as unem mployment in ncreased. An nders Fogh Rasmussen had left a mixed legacy. Denm d d mark benefite from a balanced govern ed nment budge little publi debt, and lo unemploy et, ic ow yment. But its internationa reputation had suffered from s al d contro oversies over immigration. As the lo r ongest ruling Liberal Part (Venstre) prime minist in g ty ter mode Danish hi ern istory, Ander Fogh had led a centerrs -right coalitio governme that developed on ent strict immigration policies. The policies m ese made it...
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...This page intentionally left blank Lut12575_fm_i-xxvi.indd Page i 2/10/11 2:28 PM user-f494 /203/MHBR222/Lut12575_disk1of1/0078112575/Lut12575_pagefiles International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University Lut12575_fm_i-xxvi.indd Page ii 2/11/11 2:35 PM user-f494 /203/MHBR222/Lut12575_disk1of1/0078112575/Lut12575_pagefiles INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing 10% postconsumer waste. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QDB/QDB 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-0-07-811257-7 MHID 0-07-811257-5 Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Brent Gordon Vice President, EDP/Central Publishing...
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...Bangladesh” Dear Sir, With humble submission we want to thank you for assigning us the pragmatic report on “Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh”. We have really enjoyed the various stapes preparing the report. We have made a strong group works and have also collected different data from Online. We think this report enriches our practical knowledge on Sociology. There may be some mistakes. We think the mistakes in the report will be kindly excused. With thanks and best regards. Sincerely yours, Rawnak Razzak 08310026 Afsana Khanom 08410001 Sadi Muhammed Naved 08410056 Sharmin Zaman 08410023 BBA Faculty, School of Business University of Information Technology and Sciences. ------------------------------------------------- Acknowledgment Our project was to Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh. We chose different type of website as our source. It was really a nice experience to do the project. While we’re passing through all the steps that is, collecting and analyzing the relevant information and trying to make valid and reliable inferences about the different problems and opportunities in exporting and their solutions, we found us to be grateful to them who...
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...OECD INSIGHTS International Trade Free, Fair and Open? Patrick Love and Ralph Lattimore ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed...
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... Christoph H. Loch Stephen E. Chick Arnd Huchzermeier ● Management Quality and Competitiveness Lessons from the Industrial Excellence Award Prof. Dr. Christoph H. Loch INSEAD Boulevard de Constance 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex France christoph.loch@insead.edu Prof. Dr. Arnd Huchzermeier WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management Burgplatz 2 56179 Vallendar Germany ah@whu.edu Prof. Stephen E. Chick INSEAD Boulevard de Constance 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex France stephen.chick@insead.edu ISBN 978-3-540-79183-6 e-ISBN 978-3-540-79184-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008925414 © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMX Design...
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... The Forces for Change is a framework to help you understand today’s radically changing world and synthesize the breadth of complex, fast changing, interdependent factors Are all changes bad? Change can be uncomfortable and awkward but it can also be positive. FORCES OF CHANGE AND THEIR ACCOMPANYING VALUES FORCES OF CHANGE & ACCOMPANYING VALUES Turbulence Intellectual capital, Intellectual propert, ,information sharing Networking, innovation, R&D INFORMATION AGE K-Economy GLOBALIZATION DEVELOPMENT Autonomy, Pride, Dignity Independence, Indigenization “CultureBound” Customer Focus; Speed, Responsiveness; Continuous Learning; Accurate & Up-To-Date Information Quality; Value Added; Cost Effectiveness; Humanization; Ecological Specialisation; Objectivity; Materialism; SystemsOrientation MODERNIZATION WESTERNIZATION Individualism; Secularism; Freedom Of Expression; Consumerism INDUSTRIALIZATION Mechanization; Rational Thinking; Bureaucracy; Efficiency; Productivity; Mobility; Discipline; Mechanical Time Orientation; Reliability Stable 1800 AGRICULTURAL Revolution Time line Simple division of labor, labor intensive, Collectivism, sharing 2000 FORCES OF CHANGE & ACCOMPANYING VALUES Turbulence Intellectual capital, Intellectual propert, ,information sharing Networking, innovation, R&D INFORMATION AGE K-Economy GLOBALIZATION DEVELOPMENT Autonomy, Pride, Dignity Independence, Indigenization “CultureBound” Customer Focus; Speed...
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... creates special relationships between buyers and sellers who reside in the same neighborhoods, but Friedman turns this metaphor inside-out by using The World is Flat to warn us of the perils of a relationship-free world in which every economic transaction is contested globally. In his “flat” world, your wages are set in Shanghai. In fact, most of the footloose relationship-free jobs in apparel and footwear and consumer electronics departed the United States several decades ago, and few U.S. workers today feel the force of Chinese and Indian competition, notwithstanding the alarming anecdotes about the outsourcing of intellectual services. Of course, standardization, mechanization, and computerization all work to increase the number of footloose tasks, but innovation and education work in the opposite direction, creating relationship-based activities—like the writing of this review. It may only be personal conceit, but I imagine there is a reason why the Journal of Economic Literature asked me to do this review. 1. Prologue hen the Journal of Economic Literature asked me to write a review of The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux 2005) by Thomas Friedman, I responded with enthusiasm, knowing it wouldn’t take much effort on my part. As ∗ Leamer: Anderson Graduate School of Management, Department of Economics and Department of Statistics, UCLA. Thanks for comments from my brother, Laurence Leamer, my UCLA colleagues at the Political...
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...Term “trade” is used interchangeably with business * Transactions: exchange of things of value * Domestic Business: business that transacts mainly in the country it was base din * ie owned by Canadians, in Canada, selling to Canadians (Rare) * International Business: economic system of transactions conducted between businesses in different countries * Domestic Transaction: between 2 Canadian companies * International Transaction: between Canadian + non Canadian company * Domestic Market: the customers of a business who are in the same country as the business * Foreign Market: the customers of a business who are in a different country as the business * 5 Ways for businesses to must be international * MUST own retailers or distributors in another country * MUST own manufacturing plant in another country * MUST export to other countries * MUST import from others * MUST invest in other country businesses * Trading Partner: Canada businesses make relationship with businesses in another country, so they would be Canada’s trading partner. History of Canadian Trade * European Trade * 1700s – trades grew fast after permanent Canadian settlement * Demand for raw materials (beaver pelts, fish, lumber) * Europe manufactured Canada’s raw materials * After 7 years war, England and Canada made trade agreements (help war torn France) * near-port cities used...
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...to analyze the specific impact of new information technologies on the process of work itself, and on the level of employment, trying to assess the widespread fear of a jobless society. Finally, I shall treat the potential impacts of the transformation of work and employment on the social structure by focusing on processes of social polarization that have been associated with the emergence of the informational para- digm. In fact, I shall suggest an alternative hypothesis that, while acknowledging these trends, will place them in the broader framework of a more fundamental transformation: the individualization of work and the fragmentation of societies.2 Along such an intellectual itinerary, I shall use data and research findings from a flurry of monographs, simulation models, and standard statistics that have treated these questions with minute attention over many years in many countries. Yet the purpose of my inquiry, as for this book in general, is analytical:...
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...unionized, with 7.4% unionization in the private sector and 36% in the public sector.14 Trends suggest a continued decline in private sector unionization as well as an increasing level of public sector unionization.15 Labor and management are required to bargain in good faith to try to reach agreement on the contract. Many staffing issues may be bargained, including staffing levels, location of facilities, overtime and work schedules, job descriptions and classifications, seniority provisions, promotions and transfers, layoffs and terminations, hiring pools, KSAO requirements, grievance procedures, alternative dispute resolution procedures, employment discrimination protection, and, very important, pay and benefits. Virtually all aspects of the staffing process are thus affected by negotiations and the resultant labor agreement. Labor unions thus have direct and powerful impacts on staffing and other HR systems. Even in nonunion situations the union influence can be felt through "spillover effects" in which management tries to emulate the pay and benefits, as well as staffing practices, found in unionized settings. HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING Human resource planning (HRP) is a process and set of activities undertaken to forecast an organization's labor demand (requirements) and internal labor supply (availabilities), to compare these projections to determine employment gaps, and to develop action plans for...
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...Secretary of Defense Corporate Fellows Program FINAL REPORT FEDERAL EXPRESS CORPORATION LtCol Arthur H. Sass, USMC June 2000 Acknowledgments This has been an interesting, exciting, and educational year. The first hand, on-the-job knowledge I received regarding how Corporate America thinks and what private industry companies are doing to posture themselves for the future is simply priceless. The environment is fast-paced, unforgiving, and wide open. Though the Department of Defense (DoD) and Corporate America play by different rules, the concepts I have been exposed to in the areas of supply chain management, global logistics, and the transportation, distribution and information networks within the Federal Express Corporation deserve some attention from DoD. I would first and foremost like to thank my Lord and Savior Jesus Christ for making this opportunity possible. Thanks also to Mr. Larry McMahan for all of the support and the helping hand he provided whenever I needed it. Mrs. Ellen Tedford, Mr. McMahan’s Assistant, is absolutely the best there is. Thanks Ellen for everything, you’re one of a kind. I would also like to extend a special thank you to Mr. Steve Stapleton for keeping me in touch with the executives and doing his best to get me the face time I needed with them. Kudos to Eric Briggs and Janice Bonat--a staff of two that did the work of 20. Your administrative support and the continuous and timely feeding of current events...
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