...What is the difference between a nation and a state and why are they often confused? The term nation tends to be employed with little precision, often being used interchangeably with terms such as state, country, ethnic group or race. Nations have many features. First and most basically, nations are cultural entities. A nation is a group of people who share a common language, religion, history and traditions. Second, nations are political entities. A nation is a group of people who regard themselves as a natural political community. This is expressed most clearly in the desire to establish or maintain statehood. Nations are often based on rights, democracy, common laws and common territory. E.g. USA, South Africa. Lastly, they are psychological entities. A nation is a group of people bound together by shared loyalties or allegiances, often expressed in the form of patriotism. Nations can be viewed as either primary cultural communities or cultural political communities. A state is a formal political entity which has clearly defined territorial boundaries within which some form of government exercises the powers of the state. The state normally is seen to have certain duties e.g. ensure peace and stability, provide social welfare, protect property etc. The state is seen to be sovereign and has sovereign power over a certain jurisdiction. It is therefore superior to all other institutions including government. The government is a short term institution and just the principal...
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...The definition of a state is an organized body of institutions that hold a monopoly of coercive powers over a territorial area. Unlike a nation, membership of a state is objective with citizenships assigned which clearly shows the legal status of a person. A state has a fixed territory, which its power does not extend. The state is a sovereign entity; a state cannot exist without a centre of sovereignty that is in control of the territory as sovereignty is at the heart of the formation of a state. Normally a state is characterized as having for major components: population, sovereignty, government and territory. If one of these is missing the state is unable to exist. States don’t have to take into account individual’s thoughts towards belonging to a state, as they are purely political bodies. A nation is defined by a community, which is united by a numbers of elements. These include; land, culture, language, tradition and a mutually accepted identity. Being part of a nation is more of a psychological bond supported by patriotism. Therefor it is subjective. The individuals themselves therefor decide upon membership. Patriotism is defined as a strong emotional attachment to an individual’s homeland and therefore giving their primary allegiance to the nation over all other aspects like religion. Nations do not necessarily have a defined geographical area however nations are still able to survive such as the case of the Kurds, which can be found in Turkey, Syria, and Iraq or the...
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...supported paternalism? Explain the link between liberalism and constitutionalism. Why do anarchists view the state as inherently evil and oppressive? Why did Marx believe that capitalism is doomed to collapse, and how did he think this collapse would occur? Jan 2013 Section B To what extent do conservatives support tradition and continuity? ‘Anarchism is merely an extreme form of socialist collectivism.’ Discuss. To what extent have modern liberals departed from the ideas of classical liberalism? Section A = On what grounds have conservatives justified private property? Explain the link between liberalism and individualism. Why have democratic socialists believed that the victory of ‘gradualism’ is inevitable? On what grounds have anarchists rejected constitutionalism and consent? Explain how the neoliberal and neoconservative views of the role of the state differ June 2012 Section B Conservatism merely reflects the interests of the privileged and prosperous. Discuss To what extent have socialists favoured the common ownership of wealth Liberalism is defined by the desire to minimise the role of the state Section A Distinguish between negative and positive freedom. Explain the link between anarchism and utopianism. Why have some socialists advocated revolution rather than reform? Explain the implications of the conservative belief in organic society How and why has anarchism been associated with collectivism? Unit 4 June 2013 Section...
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...the way the United States viewed its safety, security, and morals of the world. For such catastrophe, response was needed. The American people were scared, frightened, and confused. Eyes and ears were drawn to none other than the nation’s leader himself, George W. Bush. What was delivered was a carefully worded, strong, relatable reply to the country. Bush was troubled and in shock when he gave this address because the events that happened were so catastrophic. Out of concern for his country Bush was willing to do everything in his power to make sure America remained on its feet and stood firm, maintaining its status as a world power. Bush...
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...is solely based on cultural subjects such as race, class, ethnicity, and gender. The American people can perceive as a melting pot, but usually at times of crisis, such as 9/11 or Hurricane Katrina, when we all come together as one nation. On another side of that we can be seen as salad bowl, which is pretty much saying, even though we are all in one nation we still see each other as different or unequal to each other. The American national identity can be something’s in American culture we choose Identify as one whole Melting Pot or a national salad bowl. One of the controversies America faces on its national identify is how much race impacts our culture either individually or as a whole. We can say we see each other as one nation one people, none divided, all equal, but the truth is most of it is a lie. We see each other as different because of the color of their skin; we divide each other based on race through propagandized media and our own stigmas as to which race we can trust and which race we tolerate. Thinking about it there are some moments in history were we have shown that in any situation we are still one nation, but the sad part is it is only time of natural disaster or times of turmoil, when we feel as though we need to be one nation to show everyone else that we are strong and will overcome any obstacle. The annoying thing is that we choose to do this on occasion, instead of sticking together at all times. When race is the major player almost every American individual...
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...differences between left-wing and right-wing political ideas. Right-wing political ideas that tend to be pessimistic about human nature and oppose change; right wingers typically favour order, authority and oppose state intervention in the market. “Right wingers” are typically in favour of “free market economics”. This is where private companies are lightly regulated so they are free to go about their business without minimum interference from the government, which is sometimes referred to as “the state”. The Conservatives are a prime example of a “right-wing” party; the Labour party also adopted “right wing” ideas and began changes ways under the era of “blairism”, from being a “left wing-party” they adopted right wing ideas from the conservatives and were more or less similar to them. “Left-wingers” on the other hand generally have optimistic ideas about human nature and favour social change, left wingers tend to support liberty, equality and state intervention. The labour party is a “left-wing” party and has swifted back to its original ethos and ideas under the leadership of Jeremy Corbyn who is a far-left wing socialist. Furthermore left-wingers are keen to reduce the gaps between the rich and poor. They believe that society should work together to help everyone, which is why schemes like the NHS and benefits were introduced, But they argue that the rich should pay taxes thus reducing the gap between the rich and poor. To what extent are the major parties internally divided...
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...more troops, we should deploy them. Progress is not possible in Iraq if people lack the security to go about the business of daily life. Yet the military alone cannot win the peace in Iraq. We need a political strategy that will work. Over the past year the Bush administration has advanced several plans for a transition to democratic rule in Iraq. Each of those plans, after proving to be unworkable, was abandoned. The administration has set a date (June 30) for returning authority to an Iraqi entity to run the country, but there is no agreement with the Iraqis on how it will be constituted to make it representative enough to have popular legitimacy. Because of the way the White House has run the war, we are left with the United States bearing most of the costs and risks associated with every aspect of the Iraqi transition. We have lost lives, time, momentum and credibility. And we are seeing increasing numbers of Iraqis...
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...– 111-04A September 22, 2012 Illiterate America Stephen Prothero, the author of “A Nation of Religious Illiterates” is a Professor of Religion at Boston University. He received his Bachelors’ Degree from Yale College in American Studies and received his Masters and PhD in the Study of Religion from Harvard University. As a historian on American religions he has written six books since 1996 (Wikipedia contributors,"Stephen Prothero”). He is also a regular contributor to CNN’s Belief Blog. In his essay Prothero aims to convince the readers that although Americans are far more religious than Europeans, we know less about religion as a whole and aims to convey to us the importance of religious education to us. He also places blame on the educational system due to the First Amendment. Prothero’s work here left me confused due to his lack of facts and information as he seems like someone who is very well educated on the subject. Religion is somewhat of a hot topic to many Americans and brings much controversy with it. But, if we do not talk about it or read about it doesn’t that make us exactly what Mr. Prothero calls us? Prothero starts off by quoting sociologist Peter Berger “that if India is the most religious country in the world and Sweden is the least, then the United States is a nation of Indians ruled by Swedes.” (Prothero, “A Nation”, p1). Prothero believes that does not hold true anymore and I would have to agree with him. At the time this article...
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...This Author Howard Thurman deals with the life of Jesus of Nazareth. He lets us know that even now people needs profound words in order to keep on living in the age that we are in now. In this chapter he states that Christian’s words are often muffled, and confused, and vague. This author lets us know that the extent of religion that was born of people that was acquainted with persecution and suffering has became the cornerstone of a civilization and of nations whose very positions in modern life has too often been secured by a ruthless use of power. This happens when you are applied to a weakness of a defenseless people. In my opinion there are a certain grandeur and nobility in administering to other needs of people who has no hope or even...
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...1 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL REPORT ON CANDIDATES’ WORK IN THE CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION MAY/JUNE 2007 HISTORY Copyright © 2007 Caribbean Examinations Council ® St Michael Barbados All rights reserved 2 HISTORY CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATIONS MAY/JUNE 2007 GENERAL COMMENTS The format of the Examination in CAPE History is similar for both Unit 1 and Unit 2. Paper 01 in each unit consisted of nine short-answer questions, three on each Module. The questions were intended to assess the range of content covered by the syllabus, and questions were set on each theme. Candidates were expected to answer all nine questions. This paper was worth 30 per cent of the candidates’ overall grade. Paper 02, on the other hand, emphasized depth of coverage. Three questions were set on each Module, one of which required candidates to analyse extracts from a set of documents related to one of the themes in the Module. The other two questions were extended essays. Both the document analysis and the essay questions required well-developed and clearly reasoned responses. Candidates were required to choose three questions, one from each Module. They were required to respond to one document analysis and two essay questions. This paper contributed 50 per cent to the candidates’ overall grade. Paper 03, was the internal assessment component. Candidates were required to complete a research paper on a topic of their choice from within the syllabus. This paper contributed...
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...“liberation is not about a historical moment that had happened in the past it is more of a destination of the mind” (636). Life is not all about being born in America and being free, people around us must continue their happiness, and find their own meaning of liberty. Wolf is a piece that takes a deeper look into the current perception of how the Declaration of Independence. Wolf believes us present day Americans have a right sense of what really happened in the late 1700’s. Wolf explains how many American’s now just look at the Declaration of Independence as just a piece of paper, and not taken as serious as it should be. The Declaration of Independence is supposed to be looked at on how free America is, as the Declaration of Independence states, “We hold truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness” (625). As Wolf argues that America is not the same as it was before she explains “This sense of the world descended to the revolutionary generation from Greek literature: to the founders of ‘happiness’ meant the development of one’s full power as an individual, and ones...
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...their rich oils. This had then lead to the United States and several other countries involvement to take back Kuwait and establish peace. It was a good thing that many countries, at the time, had favoured peace and sided with the United States (United Nations), or else the whole thing could have ended up causing a chain reaction such as the one that had started World War One. The retaliation of the invasion still...
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...Age: 18 Year: Freshmen Major: Criminal Justice Hometown: Philadelphia, Pa What she does in Penn-State community: Member of Justice Association, Sigma Sigma Sigma Sorority member, ROTC Army, Student Manager for dinning commons, RAM Squad dancer. Age: 18 Year: Freshmen Major: Criminal Justice Hometown: Philadelphia, Pa What she does in Penn-State community: Member of Justice Association, Sigma Sigma Sigma Sorority member, ROTC Army, Student Manager for dinning commons, RAM Squad dancer. I was born and raised in an urban area; then we moved to America for better education and career for my sisters and I. My parents were not that educated but they spent all their life savings on my sister’s and I’s education. They had a dream for us to get better jobs. As for me, I went to the richest school in India and had the best education that I could have. I didn’t have any goals or dreams about what I wanted to do and what I should do to achieve them— all I knew was that I wanted to be a police officer in the future. The day I moved to America and to my new high school, I realized I needed dreams that would make my life easier and bring a better future to me. This is why I believe in Dreams. They are the most amazing things in life. We all love to dream and we all love I was born and raised in an urban area; then we moved to America for better education and career for my sisters and I. My parents were not that educated but they spent all their...
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...english is sideburn. Yet, patilla in english can also mean watermelon. To get into the story, one Latino man walked into a barbershop. He is ready and confident that he will have a perfect new look. He exclaimed, “Let’s cut some fruits up in here!”. Everybody around him is confused. His barber states, “This is the hair salon, sir.”. The Latino responds that he is aware of that. He also says, “Cut my watermelons!”. The barber is stunned, and replied, “Do you need help sir? Are you ok?”. After the barber explains that there will be no cutting of “watermelon,” the Mexican leaves, sad and not confident with his long and ugly sideburns....
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...Jack Shafer states, in an article written on reuters.com, “If not for media bias, I’m certain that my news diet would taste so strongly of sawdust and talc that I would abandon news consumption completely.”(Media Bias? Give me More Please!) This quote states why, so often, Americans choose to listen to bias news networks, continuing on to talk about how Americans choose to watch biased media outlets because they make news far more interesting than a simple presentation of the facts without any opinion. Shafer later goes on to state in the same article, “My cure for this kind of credulousness is simple: Have readers and viewers expand the range of news sources they consume, embracing the whole SQ spectrum from liberal to centrist to conservative to ‘off the wing.’”(Media Bias? Give me More Please!) Shafer is saying that rather than fixing the problem at it’s source(Media Outlets) that the problem can simply be fixed by people taking in information from both sides of biased media. What this argument does not take...
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