...Topic: Laws defining environmental offences typically allow a defence of `due diligence’: if a company has done everything it could to avoid the harm occurring, it can escape blame even if the harm does occur. Why is such a defence a good idea from the ethical point of view? Would BP, on the facts as given in the case scenario, have a defence of `due diligence’ as regards the harm they caused to the environment in Alaska? If so, why? If not, why not? To study or make reasoning on whether BP’s “due diligence” defense can actually exist, the first thing need to consider is the reasonability of effort in which is used to prevent the incident gave rise to the suit. In order to successfully defend that the company did exercise “reasonable efforts”, there are two main branches need to be satisfied: First, that the defendant demonstrate that it “reasonably believed in a mistaken set of facts which, if proved, would render the prohibited act or omission innocent”. (Thomspon Rivesr University) In BP’s case, the pass incident of false alarm could be used by BP to defend itself. However, given the fact that 3 alarm warnings were set off during a relative short period of time, it is hard to defend that the “false alarm” excuse can be used to say that the warning was “a mistaken that render the prohibited act or omission innocent”. Second, the defendant must prove that it took reasonable steps to avoid the particular prohibited event. This second branch is most often used in defence...
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...the environment, which result in harmful psychosocial effects like social withdrawal and depression. Guide Questions 1. What are the pressures that can cause environmental stress? 2. What are the natural events of the environment and how can these cause stress? 3. Are social withdrawal and depression the psychosocial effects of the mentioned environmental stressors? What are the symptoms of one being affected by these? Topic Outline ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES AND THEIR PSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS Thesis Statement: The hyper exploitation of natural resources in conjunction with natural disasters provokes stress on the environment, which result in harmful psychosocial effects like social withdrawal and depression. Introduction: Environmental Stress Body: I. Pressures on the environment A. Population B. Noise II. Natural Events A. Natural Disasters III. Psychosocial Effects A. Social Withdrawal B. Depression IV. Symptoms of Environmental Stress A. Headache B. Suicidal intentions C. Panic Attack D. Feeling of helplessness E. Change in one’s mood Conclusion: knowing and understanding environmental stresses and their psychosocial effects. Sentence Outline ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES AND THEIR PSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS Thesis Statement: The hyper exploitation of natural resources in conjunction with natural disasters provokes stress on the environment, which result in harmful psychosocial effects like social...
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...thinnest layer in comparison to the remaining three layers. Most earthquakes occur in the crust, and the average recorded temperature is 870 °C. The thickness and the composition of the earth's crust vary in the land and the ocean. For example; the continental crust is about 32 kilometers thick and composed of lighter materials like granite, quartz, and feldspar. Whereas, the oceanic crust measures about 10 kilometers and is mostly made up of basalt. The Mantle The mantle, the largest layer of the earth, is made up of iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, silicone, and oxygen. In fact, most of the earth's mass (about 80 percent) lies in the mantle. The temperature in this layer is estimated to be about 3,700 °C. It is in this layer that volcano magma is present. The overall thickness of the mantle layer is 2900 kilometers. For simple study and understanding, the mantle layer is further divided into the upper and lower sections. Needless to...
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...of the earth’s lithosphere that move slowly around with the mantle’s flowing asthenosphere. The lithosphere is the outer shell of the earth, composed of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle outside the asthenosphere. A transform vault is an area where the earth’s lithospheric plates move in opposite but parallel directions along a fracture in the lithosphere. Weathering is the physical and chemical processes in which solid rock exposed at earth’s surface is changed to separate solid particles and dissolved material which can then be moved to another place as sediment. Its important because it is part of the rock cycle and the process releases nutrients and minerals to the soil and water for plants and animals to use. A volcano is a vent or fissure in the earth’s surface through which magma, liquid lava, and gases are released into the environment. The nature...
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...some. And then some people think that climate change is happening naturally. Things that would cause this would be volcanoes, and some of the natural cycles that the earth goes through could cause climate change. Then, there are people who think that climate change is not happening. I am going to tell you everything that you should know about climate change. There is a lot of evidence that shows climate change is happening yet some people still believe that it is not happening. One thing that shows climate change is happening is the sea level. With all the ice melting in the arctic and other northern places the sea level has risen at a fast rate. More evidence is ocean heat content. Ocean heat content is basically the heat stored in the ocean. They have records that go back over half a century. These records have shown that more than ninety percent of global warming is going back into the ocean. The rate that it is heating has doubled since 1992 and the heat has travelled deeper into the ocean. Scientists even go to say that this is one of the strongest pieces of evidence to show how fast the earth is warming. This also contributes to a rise in sea level. Another piece of evidence is the northern hemisphere is not covered with as much snow as it has been in the past. Also, September ice in the northern hemisphere has been shrunk by 35% since 1996. The last piece of evidence I am going to talk about is just chemistry. When you burn a carbon based material, carbon dioxide will obviously...
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... March 6, 2013 Advances in natural energy have provided ways to create the energy that we need with little to no pollution. The United States of America however, is very slow with getting on board with the rest of the countries across the world who has embraced the methods of using natural energy. China and Russia have begun to fuel most of their energy using solar power and water, yet the United States continues to stick to the older ways of coal, oil and nuclear plants to power our part of the world. There have been studies and research done on how the toxic pollution from these dirty forms of energy is causing major damage to the environment. There are even more problems with the people who have to live near these energy plants or breathe in the harmful air which can cause heart problems, cancer and sometimes even death. America has always been the master cranium when it came to making innovative ideas that the world would soon follow. Now, it may be time for America to learn a few facts from other countries on how to incorporate a better way to power up this nation. What are we waiting on, this is America. Natural Power is an independent renewable energy that uses the power from the sun, wind, water or anything in nature to produce power and energy. The research to begin using this natural form of energy was originally created over concerns of how years of pollution was leading to an environmental decline. In the 1800’s, Charles Fritz and...
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...1 UNIT 1 Living Things and Their Environment DRAFT April 29, 2014 Photo Credit: http://www.flyingfourchette.com/2013/05/25/around-ubud/ 2 UNIT 1: Living Things and Their Environment Introduction At this point, students have already learned in Grade 8 how the body breaks down food into forms that can be absorbed through the digestive system and then transported to each cell, which was on the other hand discussed in Grade 7 to be the basic unit of life. The learners have also discovered that cells divide to produce new cells by mitosis and meiosis. They have understood that meiosis is an early step in sexual reproduction that leads to variation. Students have been introduced to genetics to be able to appreciate evolutionary differences among species. Learners have also found out that biodiversity is the collective variety of species living in an ecosystem, and by studying the ecosystem; they have come across the various cycling of materials and energy transformation. DRAFT April 29, 2014 All modules in Grade 9 Unit 1-Living Things and Their Environment present student-centered activities that will allow the learners to discover and develop concepts that they may consider useful to their everyday life. At the end of each lesson, key concepts are provided for the students to grasp ideas and information that they will remember even after they have left school. Instructional activities are designed to build up the students’ knowledge, understanding, skills, and ability to transfer...
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...Northern California Geolo Geology of Northern California Frank DeCourten Department of Earth Science Sierra College Standing more than 10,000 feet (3,000 m) above the surrounding terrain, Mt. Shasta is the largest volcano in northern California and symbolizes the dynamic geologic processes that have shaped a spectacular landscape. 63829_02_insidecover.qxd 11/25/08 12:53 AM Page ii ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS TO ASK Northern California.1 Introduction Ⅲ What are northern California’s physiographic provinces? Ⅲ What is the Farallon subduction zone? al Ⅲ What two types of plate boundaries exist in northern California today? th Ⅲ What are terranes, how do they originate, and why are they important in northern California? Northern California.2 The Sierra Nevada: California’s Geologic alifornia’s Ge Backbone Ⅲ What is the Sierra Nevada batholith? rra batholi Ⅲ What kinds of rocks surround the Sierra Nevada batholith? ra Ⅲ When and how was the modern Sierra Nevada uplifted? e Ⅲ What types of gold deposits occur in the Sierra Nevada? e? Ⅲ What is the Mother Lode? Northern California.3 The Klamath M Mountains t ath an Ne evada Ⅲ In what ways are the Klamath Mountains and the Sierra Nevada similar? ds ro o ath M Ⅲ What kinds of rocks comprise the ophiolites in the Klamath Mountains and what tectonic events do they signify? ineral occu th ntai Ⅲ What mineral resources occur in the Klamath Mountains? Northern California...
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...Dedicated to St John the Blasphemist Saint of Freakin‟ Awesome Holy Texts Cover Art by MonkeysInACan aka Captain Chris Taylor, Tigger_the_Wing, and Rev. Rowan Redbeard Table of Contents Proclamations of the Councils of Olive Garden.........................................................................1 Second Announcement Regarding Canonical Belief......................................................................2 Third Announcement Regarding Canonical Belief.........................................................................3 The Old Pastament........................................................................................................................4 The Book of Midgets/Midgits.........................................................................................................5 The Creation of Mankind..............................................................................................................14 A Reading From the Book of Fusilli..............................................................................................15 The Book of Penelope....................................................................................................................17 The Book of Linguini.....................................................................................................................20 The Torahtellini Part 2............................................................................................................
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...Nancy Hiu Kwan Introduction With the growth of time, the role of technology is getting more and more significant where technological products are commonly found in today‟s society and everyone generally equips with more than 2 gadgets to deal with their daily business. It is observed that majority of people flips on their smartphone during the ride or in meal are teenagers and young adults, they do with no reason but treat it as a habit. Since those digital natives can hardly live without the electronic devices, feel uncomfortable without them in hands and play with it (smartphone) regardless of the location and time can therefore said as an addiction. And now, it raises a question of whether the rapid advancement of technology betters our life or we are determined by technology? The above controversial topic often comes with diverse respondents amongst different generations, where teenagers may usually agree with technology improves their life in overall despite of some drawbacks brought by those digital technologies as they get used to the online space and possible to handle all the matters by their own; whereas the elder generation may have a different comments and believe technology undoubtedly better off our lives, yet more drawbacks are brought at the same time. As attitudes towards uses of technology are diverse across different generation, hence in order to give further more details, this paper will start by making a comparison between parents and children, their attitudes...
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...booklet out of the examination room. There are 40 questions in this section. They are broken up into four parts as follows: Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Questions 1-10 Questions 11-20 Questions 21-30 Questions 31-40 Test 2 LISTENING SECTION 1 Questions 1-10 (CD3 Track 1) Questions 1-2 Choose the correct letters, A, B, or C. Example: What nursery school registration option does the woman choose? A Half-day B Full-day C Full-day plus after school care 1 What is the woman’s husband’s nationality? A Swiss B Swedish C Swazi 2 How is a child’s personal education number normally received? A By post B By e-mail C Picked up from the school Question 3 Choose the correct letters, A, B, or C. 3 Why is the husband out of town? A Vacation B Work C Family reasons Question 4 Choose three letters, A-F 4 Which THREE pieces of information are required to retrieve the child’s personal education number? A The woman’s Personal Insurance Number B The husband’s Personal Insurance Number C The woman’s National Insurance Number D The husband’s National Insurance Number E The woman’s name F The husband’s name Question 5 Choose the correct letters, A, B, or C. 5 How is the husband’s name spelt? A Erick B Eric C Erik Questions 6-7 Choose the correct letters, A, B,...
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...Renewable Energy Summary Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth (biomess) and geothermal heat. According to the International Energy Agency (2002), “Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.” Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over the world. Compare to other traditional energy resources like fossil fuel, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. The rapid development of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and the technological diversification of energy resources, would provide a sustainable and stable supply of energy and a significant growth in economy for the world in a foreseeable future. History of Renewable Energy Prior to the development of coal in the mid 19th century, nearly all energy used was renewable. The oldest known use of renewable energy, in the form of traditional biomass to fuel fires, dates from 790,000 years ago (K. Kris, 2013). The second oldest usage of renewable energy is using the wild to drive ships over water. This can be traced back 7,000 years ago, to ships on Nile (The Encyclopedia of...
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...2012: Beginning of the End or Why the World Won't End? 12.22.11 Scenes from the motion picture "2012." Courtesy Columbia Pictures. Remember the Y2K scare? It came and went without much of a whimper because of adequate planning and analysis of the situation. Impressive movie special effects aside, Dec. 21, 2012, won't be the end of the world as we know. It will, however, be another winter solstice. Much like Y2K, 2012 has been analyzed and the science of the end of the Earth thoroughly studied. Contrary to some of the common beliefs out there, the science behind the end of the world quickly unravels when pinned down to the 2012 timeline. Below, NASA Scientists answer several questions that we're frequently asked regarding 2012. Question (Q): Are there any threats to the Earth in 2012? Many Internet websites say the world will end in December 2012. Answer (A): Nothing bad will happen to the Earth in 2012. Our planet has been getting along just fine for more than 4 billion years, and credible scientists worldwide know of no threat associated with 2012. Q: What is the origin of the prediction that the world will end in 2012? A: The story started with claims that Nibiru, a supposed planet discovered by the Sumerians, is headed toward Earth. This catastrophe was initially predicted for May 2003, but when nothing happened the doomsday date was moved forward to December 2012. Then these two fables were linked to the end of one of the cycles in the ancient Mayan calendar at the winter...
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...with the consequences of a hazard) e.g. people in remote areas are further from help in central areas, so have lower capacity to cope) * Global Warming – greatest global hazard * Recent increase in average global temp – climate change * Causes other types of climate change * Context hazard – global in scale (affects all parts of environment) – potential to trigger other hazards or make them worse * Chronic Hazard (Long term) * People who aren’t causing the problem are mostly affected * Difficult to find solutions * Hydro-meteorological hazards becoming more frequent * Increasing hydro-meteorological hazards due to global warming * Number of disasters increasing due to: Human Factors * Rapid population growth and urbanisation – increases number of vulnerable people, especially in poor countries * Increasing world poverty – poor people more vulnerable to hazards * Exploitation of resources – deforestation and loss of wetlands –...
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...global warming on humanity 22 • Article 1: Extreme storm affects health and infrastructure • Article 2: Heat wave increase death and illness • Article 3: Water and food supplies threatened • Article 4: Drinkable water become increasingly contaminated • Article 5: Large numbers of environmental refugee VI. Theory5: EFFORTS TO CONTROL GLOBAL WARMING 23 • Article 1: Carbone Capture • Article 2: Energie Sources • Article 3: koyoto • Article 4: Programs in the United States • Article 5: Montreal protocol CONCLUSION 27 Bibliography 28 Abstract: Throughout its long history, earth has warmed and cooled time, and again. Climate has changed when the plant received more or less sunlight due to stubble shifts in its orbit, as the atmosphere or surface changed or when the sun energy varied. However, in the past century, another force started to influence earth climate: humanity. How can we be certain that human released greenhouse gases are causing the warming? How much will the earth warm? How will the earth respond?...
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