...is subjective to the individual and circumstance – there is more than one answer and it is complex. So, why people feel the need to act morally can be discussed in numerous terms and perspectives, and has definitely been debated for years. However, for the sake of simplicity, let’s narrow it down to two categories: for yourself and for others. From here we will explore the perspectives of numerous philosophers such as, Aristotle, Kant, and more who have discussed this topic in order to draw some similarities and conclusions in hopes of potentially answering the broad question that is “why be moral?”. Let’s first take the perspective that one would be moral for your own sake. It can be argued that self-interest is a motivational factor that pushes moral behaviour (because of potential benefits) and regulates bad behaviour (especially if one believes in the possibility of facing negative consequences). From a psychological egoism perspective, it is believed that everything we, as humans, do in life is deeply rooted in self-interest and egoism, where egoism is a doctrine that individual self-interest is the actual motivation behind all conscious actions (moral or immoral) (Beauchamp & Bowie, p.14-19). For example, it can be argued that donating to a charity although good in nature can be driven by the need to feel like you are contributing to society. Now, from a moral scepticism lens morality is...
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...WHY SHOULD I BE MORAL? PLATO Jorge Mendieta •Meta-ethical positions -Nihilism -Absolutism -Relativism •Nihilists debate whether or not one can justify morality without appeal to religion •Certain people believe that one must appeal to God to support moral beliefs •Religious moralists argue that without God, life has no meaning and there is reason to be good or just •Secular moralists claim that morality is independent from God and religion. Pascal’s Wager •Blaise Pascal claimed that we do not need to have decisive proof of God’s existence in order to adopt a religious morality •Should we believe in God or not? •We can act as if God exists, or we can act as if God does not exist •Belief requires finite sacrifice for the infinite reward, while disbelief gets one finite rewards on the threat of infinite punishment •According to the diagram, in the absence of knowing whether God does or does not exist, we should act as if he does since the benefits ultimately outweigh the costs •“Why should we be moral when it is our self-interest to be immoral?” (Plato, 53) •Egoism is a challenge to morality •Two forms: Egoism Proper & Ethical Egoism •Egoists admit that occasionally it is in our interest to be moral ORIGIN OF JUSTICE •“They say that to do wrong is naturally good, to be wronged is bad, but the suffering of injury so far exceeds in badness the good of inflicting it that when men have done wrong to each other and suffered it, and have had a taste of both...
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...Are facilitating payments ethical? Why or why not? Discuss the legal and moral implications. A facilitating payment is referred to as, a form of payment, with which is made to foreign officials, yet it is not considered to be a form of bribery. Legally, facilitating payments are distinguished from bribery, yet this distinction possesses the ability to become blurred at times. The manner with which a facilitating payment is determined to be ethical, or non, is quite the difficult task for law enforcement officials. In most situations, law enforcement determines unethical practice based upon the surrounding terms, and conditions of the payment/gift. Less valuable "gifts" are usually considered to be ethically correct, yet larger, more expensive "gifts" poses the tendency to raise red flags in the eyes of law enforcement officials. Under those particular circumstances, law enforcement tends to examine the factors surrounding larger payments more intently. Small, minor valued "gifts" are considered customary, and legally acceptable in many countries, however, they do pose the threat of potential risk, in regards to liability, due to strict laws and regulatory guidelines, with which prohibit certain forms of "gift giving". Therefore, the terms with which surround this form of behavior, and the extent to which they are considered ethically correct or not, really depends upon the country with which this act takes place in. Also, one must note, that a "slippery slope" of danger...
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...American Intercontinental University Unit 4 Individual Project 20 September 2014 Abstract Businesses immorality not only affected those employees but the lives of their families, as well as all those whom connected to the company. One will never know the extent of damage caused by immoral acts; the repercussions are too far reaching. In a business environment, a business should be more conscious of acting morally correct than any individual, because the number of live affected are incalculable. In a business environment, why should people be moral as individuals? Introduction Businesses should be morally responsible because the damage they can do is monumental. Businesses that do not act morally destroy lives; while these individual may not die their lives are irrevocably changed. For example, the collapse of a factory in Bangladesh in 2013 killed eleven-hundred people. This collapse was entirely preventable; had the owner not violated building codes and failed to respond appropriately to information that the building was not safe, the accident would not have happened. (Fortune, 2013) Furthermore, this businesses immorality not only affected those employees that died but the lives of their families, as well as all those whom witnessed the event. One will never know the extent of damage caused by immoral acts such as this one; the repercussions are too far reaching. In a business environment, a business should be more conscious of acting morally correct than...
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...Why Corporations Should Set Strict Moral Standards More often than not, there are stories about the immorality of corporations and their decisions that impact not only their employees but the people in surrounding communities and the environment. Most corporations have more than one person in charge of making moral decisions. These selected few should set strict moral and ethical standards when conducting business for the benefit of the company, their employees and the rest of the world. In philosophy, there are several subsections that teach the various kinds of moral and ethics. Some of these subsections can be applied to the morality of a corporation while others, when applied, can cause controversy and harm. The following paper will discuss why corporations should be morally just and the benefits that can be derived from this. It will also discuss three different types of philosophical morals and ethics processes that may or may not compliment the benefits. A corporation with good morals have more important priorities that one that does not. One of the most important reasons why a corporation should be moral is because of the people, i.e. the people that work for the corporation, the people that want and use their services or products and the people that built the corporation. Employees might not always see the boss or the CEO every day at work but they should know and experience that their well-being is important to the CEO. Good morals for the employees mean that they...
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...CJ Business environment has a big impact on people’s lives and not just theirs but their families as well. Nobody really knows what is going on in the other person live, so I believe that we have to have morals and it really don’t matter what you do for a living. The business environment can be so stressful and can cause a lot of damage with immoral acts. The company as a whole has to make sure that everything and everyone are using morals in the environment. In a business environment, why should people be moral individuals? When we are talking about morals I believe that the business in question should be responsible in making sure that the people that they hire have morals and live by them. The business should also put out what morals they have and want to be followed. When the businesses don’t have morals it can cause lot damage to the company and the people that work for them as well. No morals can destroy lives. Let’s, say for example, In today’s time the people really don’t have a choice on if they health insurance or not. The government is making us have it and if you don’t have health insurance then you have to pay a fine. Some people say " If I can’t afford the insurance then I can’t afford the fine, so the hell with it". But what most people don’t realize is when you file income tax you are paying that fine. To this is immoral because everyone can’t afford health insurance and they live pay check to pay check. It is immoral to make someone...
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...CJ Business environment has a big impact on people’s lives and not just theirs but their families as well. Nobody really knows what is going on in the other person live, so I believe that we have to have morals and it really don’t matter what you do for a living. The business environment can be so stressful and can cause a lot of damage with immoral acts. The company as a whole has to make sure that everything and everyone are using morals in the environment. In a business environment, why should people be moral individuals? When we are talking about morals I believe that the business in question should be responsible in making sure that the people that they hire have morals and live by them. The business should also put out what morals they have and want to be followed. When the businesses don’t have morals it can cause lot damage to the company and the people that work for them as well. No morals can destroy lives. Let’s, say for example, In today’s time the people really don’t have a choice on if they health insurance or not. The government is making us have it and if you don’t have health insurance then you have to pay a fine. Some people say " If I can’t afford the insurance then I can’t afford the fine, so the hell with it". But what most people don’t realize is when you file income tax you are paying that fine. To this is immoral because everyone can’t afford health insurance and they live pay check to pay check. It is immoral to make someone...
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...I Business environment has a big impact on people’s lives and not just theirs but their families as well. Nobody really knows what is going on in the other person live, so I believe that we have to have morals and it really don’t matter what you do for a living. The business environment can be so stressful and can cause a lot of damage with immoral acts. The company as a whole has to make sure that everything and everyone are using morals in the environment. When we are talking about morals I believe that the business in question should be responsible in making sure that the people that they hire have morals and live by them. The business should also put out what morals they have and want to be followed. When the businesses don’t have morals it can cause lot damage to the company and the people that work for them as well. No morals can destroy lives. Let’s, say for example, In today’s time the people really don’t have a choice on if they health insurance or not. The government is making us have it and if you don’t have health insurance then you have to pay a fine. Some people say " If I can’t afford the insurance then I can’t afford the fine, so the hell with it". But what most people don’t realize is when you file income tax you are paying that fine. To this is immoral because everyone can’t afford health insurance and they live pay check to pay check. It is immoral to make someone do something that they can’t or don’t want to do. Now it’s true that...
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...Whitney Parson American InterContinental University Unit 2 Metaphysics is a center concept of thinking which seeks to clarify the life of reality. How do we settle the duality of our insight of the objects plus the immaterial, the unexplained relationship between the mind and body? Metaphysical influence as well tends near planetary arguments about the origins of existence. Time is an enormous issue when it comes to the life of reality. I think that the spiritual or psychological world is real. How else would we feel pain, love, and happiness if it wasn’t for the physical world? There are too many things that happen to not believe in the spiritual world. A time when my senses deceived on me was a year ago my daddy passed and I knew from the bottom of my heart I seen him sitting on my bed talking to me. I thought I seen my daddy but it all my imagination he was telling me love me and want me to move on with my life and everything was going to be okay. I felt so hurt that it wasn't real and when I knew I was sitting their talking to myself I knew I had to come to my senses that he was gone. I believe there is a thing of soul, how else would you explain heaven and hell. How is anything ever known, it’s all about the knowledge gain through a successful evaluation of one’s perception. Questions like these we still ask till this day well at least I know I do. How do you know? As I was growing dealing with hormones, plus establishing my faith systems. I do think that there...
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...Arkansas Error Details | Steps to Resolve | Response Error Code: 101Primary Error Text: DOB Is MissingDescription: Date of Birth is missing in the Request | 1. Look up the Transaction in ASSIST.A. Verify that the Date of Birth appears in ASSIST on the Request page of the Transaction. If the Date of Birth appears in the Request, have the Agent rerun the Transaction. If the Date of Birth does not appear in the Request, have the Agent rerun the transaction by manually entering the ID # and Date of Birth.2. Look up the Customer File in the Admin Console.A. Verify that the Date of Birth appears on file. If the Date of Birth appears on file, have the Agent rerun the transaction by using the Customer ID #. If the Date of Birth does not appear on file, update if allowed according to the Customer Update Guidelines, and have the Agent rerun the Transaction. | Response Error Code: 102Primary Error Text: ID Type MissingDescription: Request is missing the ID Type (DL, SSN, CID, or ATL ID) | 1. Look up the Transaction in ASSIST.A. Verify that the ID # appears in ASSIST on the Request page of the Transaction. If the ID # appears in the Request, have the Agent rerun the Transaction. If the ID # does not appear in the Request, have the Agent rerun the transaction by manually entering the ID # and Date of Birth.2. Look up the Customer File in the Admin Console.A. Verify that the ID # appears...
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...Velma Owens Psychology Individual Project Unit 4 Our memory capability is basically divided into three major parts according to a model that was developed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin. The three main parts of our memory is sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. Sensory memory is the main storage area for our memory bank. It is the brief processing center that gets all the reading from our five senses. Each sense makes its own sensory memory. Some of the sensory memories will go to the short-term file and what does not go there will be lost in a matter of a second or two. One example of sensory memory is lighting followed by a loud clap of thunder, these are processed by two different senses-the lighting is sight whereas the thunder was hearing. What goes on to our short-term is put in there by some awareness of our sensory stimuli that have some meaning to us. The next one is our short-term memory. This works between sensory and long-term memories. While in here the memory will only last about 15 to 25 seconds if it is not passed on to the long-term. There are several concerns in this area of our memory. Such as to how long we can hold information in our short-term bank but also how much we can hold in any memory bank because our storage is very limited, in which determines how much we can recall on the spot. According to Klaus Oberaver we only remember things in groups of seven. If we rearrange the groups to what is...
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...Why shared moral values by team players of the firm reduce conflict and dependency that occurs due to bounded rationality and opportunistic behavior. Term paper for the module “Ethics, Compliance, and Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms” at Hamburg School of Business Administration Prof. Dr. Christoph Niehus Simon Rybach Langenfelder Damm 90 22525 Hamburg Tel.: 0173/ 2196726 simon@rybach.de Matriculation number: 1896 MBA HL 2013 Charles Darwin described 1871 that “[…] an advancement in the standard of morality […] will certainly give an immense advantage to one tribe over another. A tribe including many members who, from possessing in a high degree the spirit of patriotism, fidelity, obedience, courage, and sympathy, were always ready to aid one another, and to sacrifice themselves for the common good, would be victorious over most other tribes” (Darwin, 1871/1981). His work about the antecedent of men pointed out to the importance of shared moral values as an element for the survival of certain tribes. These findings in the context of evolution are still valid and appropriate in the context of building high productivity teams in firms as a competitive advantage. Organizations have to cope with today’s complexity of a global business environment. Meeting this challenge requires a high degree of flexibility in companies in order to adapt to constantly, rapidly changing external factors. The globalization forces companies to develop new organizational structures...
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...Seven steps in Ethics Exam: Step 2: Recognize All Moral Impacts Only do stakeholder table including: benefits, harms, rights exercised and denied Step 3: Define Complete Moral Problem State moral problem in question form - “Is it ethically permissible to… Given that…” Why it’s a moral problem, why does it involve ethics Why it’s a moral dilemma Two-sentence review > not full review of main points Step 4: Determine the Economic Outcomes “Pareto Optimality” > The rule is that you should always take the action that will generate the greatest profits for the company because this will also generate the greatest benefits for the society, provided it can be shown that all markets are fully competitive, all customers are fully informed, and all external and internal costs are fully included. Are any of the 3 conditions violated? 1) All markets must be competitive. Open and competitive product markets must exist for all output goods and services, and open and competitive factor markets must exist for all input capital, labour and material to generate a true net benefit for society. 2) All customers and all suppliers must be informed. All customers in the output product markets and all suppliers in the input factor markets must be knowledgeable about the featuers of the products and the standards of the supplies. 3) All costs must be included. External costs are those outside the productive process, they are frequently ignored because no one in the producing firm...
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...have questioned and debated the problem of evil and why evil exists. If evil is the spiritual balance of good than without the presences of evil, we would not know the genuineness of good. This belief may be explained by the contrast theodicy that God may have reasons for evil in society. An example of a contrast theodicy would be that bad things happen to good people and is the connection between evil and God’s intent of good. People also question why God does not take away the suffering of people from the world. Again, a theodicy can give an explanation to this question. The big-plan theodicy explains that suffering may be part of God’s big plan and needs to happen for good of humanity. There are two...
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...101 December 7, 2015 A Moral Realism Believer Ayer claims that any talk about right and wrong, good and bad, is just a matter of “emoting” or expressing one’s feelings while a moral realist would think the total opposite. A moral realist believes that all moral questions are real questions and every answer to those questions can be either true or false. Ayer is labeled as an anti-moral realist due to his fervent claims to his belief. Regardless of anyone’s feelings or emotions, I believe that there is always a reason why the answer should be true and a reason for why the answer should be false. Ayer’s view on moral claim is incorrect because a moral claim is one that attempts to define what is right or wrong. Anti-moral realists believe that emotivism is more influential and moral realists believe that there should be a legit reason behind every answer. The debate between moral realists and anti-realists assumes a variety of claims can be recognized as moral claims. In my opinion, moral realists have common sense. With that advantage, there are a number of powerful arguments on why moral realism is the right way to go which include: the knowledge of a moral realist, the realism/antirealism debate, moral cognitivism and descriptivism, and the truth in moral judgements. “A moral realist believes that there is at least one moral fact, and moral facts are not reducible to non-moral facts. Moral statements are true or false, and at least one moral statement is true. An anti-realist...
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