...To what extent is security a necessary precondition for development? Introduction It is put forward that security is not necessarily a precondition for development, but rather, both concepts of security and development are inextricably linked. With neither one being predominant over the other; rather the influence of both oscillate, dependent upon the individual circumstances within the State or region. In essence, what this answer will aim to illustrate, is the extent of this link, the theories which explain it, and whether or not security underpins development. Before we begin however, it would be prudent to first, define the concepts of ‘security’ and ‘development’. From the obvious, national security dimension, to the more human-centred, holistic definitions, finding a simple definition for the concept of security is a complex task, due to the variety of ways in which it can be defined. For the purposes of this essay however, the definition provided by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) as security being “the prevention of any threat to individual or national security irrespective of that threat being political or economic in its nature, as such threats would threaten the process of development”[1] would be an appropriate fit, as it incorporates both the traditional State-centric element, and also the more holistic, human security definition.. Traditionally, the definition of development has been one that has been predicated upon a mainly economic...
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...THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING ISSUES IN PHYSICAL XML DATABASE DESIGN Damien Fisher (3065680) Bachelor of Computer Science (Honours) Supervisor: Dr. Raymond Wong Submission Date: October 29, 2003 Abstract Recent years have seen a surge in the popularity of XML, a markup language for representing semistructured data. Some of this popularity can be attributed to the success that the semi-structured data model has had in environments where the relational data model has been insufficiently expressive. It is thus natural to consider native XML databases, which are designed from the ground up to support XML data. Developing a native XML database introduces many challenges, some of which we consider here. The first major problem is that XML data is ordered, whereas relational databases operate on set-based data. We examine the ordering problem in great detail in this thesis, and show that while it imposes an unavoidable performance penalty on the database, this penalty can be reduced to an acceptable level in practice. We do this by making use of type information, which is often present in XML data, and by improving existing results in the literature. XML data is frequently queried using XPath, a de facto standard query language. The importance of XPath is increasing, due to its use as a primitive in the more powerful emerging query language, XQuery. It is widely believed that the one of the most promising approaches to evaluating...
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...computing model today, and offers insights for future directions that are likely to be pursued in the cloud computing arena. A number of challenges to cloud computing are identified, including concerns of security and how to deal with the rise of mobile computing. The chapter ends with recommendations on how to choose which cloud model is most appropriate to meet your organization’s needs and how to establish a successful cloud strategy. INTRODUCTION: DEFINING THE CLOUD I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced within that shorthand description; and perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so. But I know it when I see it. ~ Hon. Potter Stewart (U.S. Supreme Court Justice) Why did Gartner Research place cloud computing at the top of the list of most important technology focus areas for the past three years straight (Avram, 2011; Gartner, 2010; McDonald, 2010)? In today’s world of tight budgets and even tighter profit margins, speed to capability is paramount; cloud computing has proven effective in enterprise class business environments (Zhang, Zhang, Chen, & Huo, 2010). As Golden (2010) identifies in the Harvard Business Review, cloud computing is a key enabler for the business agility so...
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...investments? a) accounting b) finance c) marketing d) operations management e) purchasing 4. Which business function is responsible for sales, generating customer demand, and understanding customer wants and needs? a) finance b) human resources c) marketing d) operations management e) purchasing 5. Which business function is responsible for planning, coordinating, and controlling the resources needed to produce a company’s products and services? a) engineering b) finance c) human resources d) marketing e) operations management 6. Which of the following is not true for business process reengineering? a) It can increase efficiency. b) It cannot be used to improve quality. c) It can reduce costs. d) It involves asking why things are done in a certain way. e) It involves redesigning processes. 7. At the GAP, which function plans and coordinates all the resources needed to design, produce, and deliver the merchandise to its various retail locations? a) engineering b) human resources c) marketing d) operations management e) purchasing 8. Operations Management is responsible for increasing the organization’s efficiency, which means the company will be able to __________. a) add...
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...Chapter 8: Institutions and Procedures in Secondary Markets A. Exchanges and Floor Markets The Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 defined an exchange to be: any organization, association, or group of persons, whether incorporated or unincorporated, which constitutes, maintains, or provides a market place or facilities for bringing together purchasers and sellers of securities or for otherwise performing with respect to securities the functions commonly performed by a stock exchange as that term is generally understood, and includes the market place and the market facilities maintained by such exchange. An exchange is typically a physical or virtual meeting place drawing together brokers, dealers and traders to facilitate the buying and selling of securities. Thus, exchanges include the floorbased markets as well as many virtual meeting sites and screen-based systems provided by Electronic Communications Networks (ECNs). In the United States and most other countries, exchange transactions are executed through some type of auction process. Exchanges in the United States are intended to provide for orderly, liquid and continuous markets for the securities they trade. A continuous market provides for transactions that can be executed at any time for a price that might be expected to differ little from the prior transaction price for the same security. In addition, exchanges traditionally served as self-regulatory organizations (SROs) for their members, regulating and policing their...
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...Fourfold Pattern 30. Rare Events 31. Risk Policies 32. Keeping Score 33. Reversals 34. Frames and Reality Part V. Two Selves 35. Two Selves 36. Life as a Story 37. Experienced Well-Being 38. Thinking About Life Conclusions Appendix Uncertainty A: Judgment Under Appendix B: Choices, Values, and Frames Acknowledgments Notes Index Introduction Every author, I suppose, has in mind a setting in which readers of his or her work could benefit from having read it. Mine is the proverbial office watercooler, where opinions are shared and gossip is exchanged. I hope to enrich the vocabulary that people use when they talk about the judgments and choices of others, the company’s new policies, or a colleague’s investment decisions. Why be concerned with gossip? Because it is much easier, as well as far more enjoyable, to identify and label the mistakes of others than to recognize our own. Questioning what we believe and want is difficult at the best of...
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...Deeper Luxury lp lan eta ryr es t originalexperientialconnectedwholelovingdepthmeaningspecialnaturalauthenticgreengenuinetrustedconsceoustsusttainableethicalinnerintegralrespectfulplanetaryrestorativethri r us bl i na nableenchantinginnerintegralrespectfulconsciousrestorativeauthentircgreencontributingengagingworthwhileinspirinedcpinitualcreativediverseoriginalexperientialconnectedwhole gs o r taing henticg eengenuinetru s erseoriginalexperientialconnectedwholelovingdepthmeanitngtspecialnaturalauthentstgreconsciuiussuustedconscioussustsciinu bleethicalinnerintegralrespectfulplanetaryconscio hau a oas ic ed engeno netr dep su s t ovi g i e ectedwholelovingdepthmeaningspecialnaturalethichallelrunstedplanetarysustainableencharnttvinginnerintegralrespectfulconsciousres torativeauthenticgreencontributingengagingwo oa tai w o cted aningspecialnaturalauth me originalexperientialconnectedwholelovingdepntnh na e e us r enticgreengenuinetrustedconsciousspetainableethicalinnb rintegralrespectfulplanetaryrestorativethri o alc x l ie i ieo nableenchantinginnerintegralrespecltfuelrcntinsciousrestorativeauthenticgreencontributingengagingworthwhileinspiringspiritualcreativedeverseoriginalexperientialconnectedwvholre xp rati eth e th ina yr to ig ce erseoriginalexperientialconnescoredwholelovingdepthmeaningspecialnaturalauthenticgreengenuinetrustedconscioussustainableethicalininal rintegralrespectfulplantatraresconscio ee y et r inn langengagingwo ive fu d ectedwholelovingdepthmetaningspe...
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...Pattern-Oriented Approach to Fair Use Michael J. Madison Repository Citation Michael J. Madison, A Pattern-Oriented Approach to Fair Use, 45 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1525 (2004), http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol45/iss4/5 Copyright c 2004 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr A PATTERN-ORIENTED APPROACH TO FAIR USE MICHAEL J. MADISON* ABSTRACT More than 150 years into development of the doctrineof "fairuse" in American copyright law, there is no end to legislative,judicial, and academic efforts to rationalizethe doctrine. Its codification in the 1976 CopyrightAct appearsto have contributedto its fragmentation, rather than to its coherence. As did much of copyright law, fair use originated as a judicially unacknowledged effort via the law to validate certain favored practicesand patterns.In the main, it has continued to be applied as such, though too often courts mask their implicit validation of these patterns in the now-conventional "caseby-case" application of the statutoryfair use "factors"to the defendant's use of the copyrighted work in question. A more explicit acknowledgment of the role of these patterns in fair use analysis would be consistent with fair use, copyright policy, and tradition. Importantly, such an acknowledgment would help to bridge the often difficult conceptual gap between fair use claims asserted by individual defendants and the social and cultural implications...
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...ANNUAL REPORT 2010 TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL IS THE GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATION LEADING THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION. THROUGH MORE THAN 90 CHAPTERS WORLDWIDE AND AN INTERNATIONAL SECRETARIAT IN BERLIN, WE RAISE AWARENESS OF THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF CORRUPTION AND WORK WITH PARTNERS IN GOVERNMENT, BUSINESS AND CIVIL SOCIETY TO DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVE MEASURES TO TACKLE IT. www.transparency.org WE ARE A GLOBAL MOVEMENT SHARING ONE VISION A WORLD IN WHICH GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, BUSINESS, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE DAILY LIVES OF PEOPLE ARE FREE OF CORRUPTION Editors: Alice Harrison and Michael Sidwell Design: Sophie Everett Cover photo: © Reuters/Yannis Behrakis Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of June 2011. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. ISBN: 978-3-935711-79-1 Printed on 100% recycled paper. ©2011 Transparency International. All rights reserved. This report provides a snapshot of how the Transparency International movement was active in the fight against corruption in 2010. For the purpose of conciseness, national chapters, national chapters in formation and national contacts are referred to as chapters, regardless of their status within Transparency International’s accreditation system. Visit www.transparency.org/chapters for their current...
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...This text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work’s original creator or licensee. Organization The overarching logic of the book is intuitive—organized around answers to the what, where, why, and how of international business. WHAT? Section one introduces what is international business and who has an interest in it. Students will sift through the globalization debate and understanding the impact of ethics on global businesses. Additionally, students will explore the evolution of international trade from past to present, with a focus on how firms and professionals can better understand today’s complex global business arena by understanding the impact of political and legal factors. The section concludes with a chapter on understanding how cultures are defined and the impact on business interactions and practices with tangible tips for negotiating across cultures. WHERE? Section two develops student knowledge about key facets of the global business environment and the key elements of trade and cooperation between nations and global organizations. Today, with increasing numbers of companies of all sizes operating internationally, no business or country can remain an island. Rather, the interconnections between countries, businesses, and institutions are inextricable. Even how we define the world is changing. No longer classified into simple and neat...
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.... Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account...
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...Romero, Lawrence Grant, Irma Kurtz, Gene Dye, Phyllis and Dan Elstein, Richard Klein, Irma Pride Home, Sally Helgesen, Sylvie de la Rochefoucauld, Ann Kennerly, David Barclay, John Laupheimer, Yvon Lebihan, Bernard Aubin, Dédé Laqua, Wolfgang Paul, Maria José Desa, Juliette Boisriveaud, Anne Lavaur, and all the others who so dauntlessly stuck by me when I was at my baldest and most afraid. Thanks, of course, to my loving doctors: James Gaston, Richard Cooper, Yves Decroix, Jean-Claude Durand, Michel Soussaline and to all those daring women in the white crepe-soled shoes who change tangled sheets and murmur comfort in the dead of night. This Copyright © 1986 Suzanne White. All Rights Reserved. TheNewAstrology.com 3 Introduction Why me? Some years ago I ran way from Paris, France, to live in the glistening outer reaches of mythical Long island, New York, U.SA. I was 38. Perhaps I thought...
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...Fundamentals of Database Systems Preface....................................................................................................................................................12 Contents of This Edition.....................................................................................................................13 Guidelines for Using This Book.........................................................................................................14 Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................................................15 Contents of This Edition.........................................................................................................................17 Guidelines for Using This Book.............................................................................................................19 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................21 About the Authors ..................................................................................................................................22 Part 1: Basic Concepts............................................................................................................................23 Chapter 1: Databases and Database Users..........................................................................................23 ...
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...2013 Annual Report CONTENTS Letter to Shareholders 1 Sectors and Markets 5 Form 10-K Index 11 Form 10-K 12 Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures 85 Global Leadership Council 86 Board of Directors 86 Recognition87 Company & Shareholder Information 88 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (unaudited) Amounts in millions, except per share amounts 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Net Sales Operating Income Net Earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble Net Earnings Margin from Continuing Operations Diluted Net Earnings per Common Share from Continuing Operations(1) Diluted Net Earnings per Common Share(1) Dividends per Common Share $84,167 $83,680 $81,104 $77,567 $75,295 14,481 13,292 15,495 15,732 15,188 11,312 10,756 11,797 12,736 13,436 13.5% 11.1% 14.4% 14.0% 14.1% $ 3.86 $ 3.12 $ 3.85 $ 3.47 $ 3.35 3.86 3.66 3.93 4.11 4.26 2.29 2.14 1.97 1.80 1.64 (1) Diluted net earnings per share are calculated based on net earnings attributable to Procter & Gamble. NET SALES OPERATING CASH FLOW DILUTED NET EARNINGS ($ billions) ($ billions) (per common share) 13 12 11 10 09 $84.2 $83.7 $81.1 $77.6 $75.3 13 12 11 10 09 $14.9 $13.3 $13.3 $16.1 $14.9 13 12 11 10 09 $3.86 $3.66 $3.93 $4.11 $4.26 2013 NET SALES BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION BY BUSINESS SEGMENT (2) 20% 24% 9% 32% 15% Beauty Grooming Health Care Fabric Care and Home Care Baby Care...
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...Lecture Notes in Computer Science Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen 6336 Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Alfred Kobsa University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Oscar Nierstrasz University of Bern, Switzerland C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Germany Madhu Sudan Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA, USA Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany Richard Hull Jan Mendling Stefan Tai (Eds.) Business Process Management 8th International Conference, BPM 2010 Hoboken, NJ, USA, September 13-16, 2010 Proceedings 13 Volume Editors Richard Hull IBM Research, Thomas J. Watson Research Center 19 Skyline Drive, Hawthorne, NY 10532, USA E-mail: hull@us.ibm.com Jan Mendling Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany E-mail: contact@mendling.com Stefan Tai Karlsruhe Institute of...
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