...minimum wage was not important for American workers during the first five years of Obama's presidency -- least of all his first two years, when Democrats controlled Congress and could have passed anything. (And did!) No. The minimum wage did not become a pressing concern until an election year in which the public's hatred of Obamacare is expected to be the central issue. As The New York Times explained, Democrats see the minimum wage as an issue that "will place Republican candidates in a difficult position," and also as a tool "to enlarge the electorate in a nonpresidential election, when turnout among minorities and youths typically drops off." (Unlike Republicans, Democrats consider it important to win elections.) To most people, it seems as if the Democrats are giving workers something for nothing. But there are always tradeoffs. No serious economist denies that increasing the minimum wage will cost jobs. If it's not worth paying someone $10 an hour to do something, the job will be eliminated -- or it simply won't be created. The minimum wage is the perfect Democratic issue. It will screw the very people it claims to help, while making Democrats look like saviors of the working class, either by getting them a higher wage or providing them with generous government benefits when they lose their jobs because of the mandatory wage hike. Of course, the reason American workers’ wages are so low in the first place is because of the Democrats' policies on immigration. Republicans might...
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...backgrounds. Multiculturalism is more significant because of the larger claims it made about the actual or preferred character of the Australian people and national culture. These embellishments were promoted by a relatively small coterie of elites, as Mark Lopez has painstakingly documented,1 and became standard formulations used in official accounts of Australian national identity and citizenship. While the sting has gone out of multiculturalism and the national debate has moved on to issues of citizenship and refugee policy, multicultural formulations still inform official documents. According to this view, Australia is now made up of people of diverse cultures that should be given equal status with the Australian mainstream. Australian citizenship is then invoked as the glue that binds these different groups into a national unity. The multicultural account of Australia as a nation of diverse cultural groups has been taken over by the Australian Citizenship Council in its prescriptions for Australian Citizenship for a New Century.2 The Citizenship Council eschews any notion of common national identity or shared culture in favour of 'public acceptance of diversity' and abstract civic values. Such values underpin citizenship, according to the Citizenship Council, and these together define and unite Australians. In the following paper we give a critical account of the evolution of multicultural policy and...
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...Essay Questions: How and why do the workplace experiences of employees from non – English speaking backgrounds differ from other workers? How can, and should, should actor respond to this? How are these differences manifested, and responded to, in your own workplace? The workplace experiences of employees from Non–English Speaking Backgrounds (NESB) differ from other workers for a number of reasons. Employment opportunity is a primary reason why individuals emigrate to other countries (de Castro et al. 2006). While employment in a host country has benefits, immigrants often face considerable challenges as they learn and adjust to the norms and values of the host culture. In particular, immigrant workers may face the ‘‘double jeopardy’’ of dealing with stressors related to both working in a new country as well as to living in a new society (de Castro, Gilbert & Takeuchi 2008). Like other European countries, Australia is also a very attractive destination for migrant workers. Migrants have been part of Australian society and the Australian workforce since colonisation began in 1788. However the migrant population at the time was of a predominantly European background. It was from the mid-nineteen century when Chinese, Pacific Islander, Lebanese, Afghan, Indian and European migrants arrived and settled in Australia. Due to the gradual liberalisation of Australian immigration policies, the ethnic composition of Australian migrants has shifted significantly, bringing...
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...1007/s00148-005-0015-1 ORIGIN AL PAPER Timothy J. Hatton Explaining trends in UK immigration Received: 11 February 2004 / Accepted: 6 December 2004 / Published online: 22 November 2005 © Springer-Verlag 2005 Abstract Since the 1970s Britain has gone from being a country of net emigration to one of net immigration, with a trend increase in immigration of more than 100,000 per year. This paper represents the first attempt to model the variations in net migration for British and for foreign citizens, across countries and over time. A simple economic model, which includes the selection effects of differing income distributions at home and abroad, largely accounts for the variations in the data. The results suggest that although improved economic performance in the UK relative to overseas has tended to increase immigration, rising UK inequality has had an even larger effect. Immigration policies at home and abroad have also increased net immigration, particularly in the 1990s. Keywords Immigration . Emigration . Immigration policy JEL Classification F22 . J61 . J78 1 Introduction In the last 20 years the UK has become a country of net immigration. During the 1960s and 1970s, emigration exceeded immigration so that net immigration was persistently negative. Since then net immigration has progressively increased. The best available measure of long-term trends indicates an increase in the annual net immigration from −24 thousand in the early 1970s to 89 thousand in the late 1990s —a total...
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...stream Form 1419 About this form Visa validity Important – Please read this information carefully before you complete your application. Once you have completed your application we strongly advise that you keep a copy for your records. This visa generally allows stays of 3 or 6 months in Australia, although a stay of up to 12 months can be granted. However, the visa period is determined on a case by case basis and may be less than the period you requested. A stay beyond 12 months is ONLY granted where ‘exceptional circumstances exist’. All relevant questions on this form should be answered and any requested information attached. The Department of Immigration and Border Protection (the department) may decide your application on the basis of the information provided on your application. A visa may be granted for a single entry or multiple entries within a specified period. Generally, this visa allows people to enter Australia within 12 months from the date of grant. Conditions for a Visitor visa to Australia All forms are available from the department’s website www.immi.gov.au/allforms/ Who should use this form? Use this form to apply for a Visitor visa – Tourist stream to visit or remain in Australia for tourism or other recreational activities (holiday, sightseeing, social or recreational reasons or to visit relatives or friends). If you intend to: • visit Australia to visit family members, and you have a family member who is...
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...shock within Australia and how and why people who arrive in Australia from diverse countries, cultures and traditions are often affected and how they can be helped to feel culturally safe. We will explore the history of immigration within Australia and how it has developed over the years and why majority of people who come to Australia may experience culture shock. We will then discuss what we can do as a nation to make these people feel culturally safe within our country. Immigration is very popular within our country with thousands of people coming to and from Australia every year. Although many people seem to believe that Australia is the halfway point between the UK and the USA they seem to always not prepare themselves for what Australia has in store for them and how culturally diverse we are. Immigration has been common in Australia for over 50,000 years. Beginning with the initial human migration to the continent, when the ancestors of Australian aborigines arrived via the islands of maritime southeast and New Guinea. From the early 17th century onwards, the continent experienced the first coastal landings and exploration by European explorers, the convict transportation from Britain. From 1793 and 1850 nearly 200,000 free settlers chose to migrate to Australia to start a new life. Then came the gold rush from the 1850’s and by 1901 the Chinese were the third largest migrant group to move to Australia behind the British and German. Over the many years Australia has been...
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...company’s background and the reasons why our company wants to invest in Malaysia. Ok our company is a medium size company which has 59 employees. Our main businesses are processing and export of semi-finished products such as meat, flour and dairy products. Because of our high quality of packinghouse and process workshop, we win a great reputation. Malaysian government has preferential policies for foreign investors, like tax cuts or breaks and on another hand Australian domestic market getting tough, We are expanding our business outwards. Through this analysis ,we want to compare cultural different influenced business cooperation and management to achieve effective cooperation English as one of the most common language is widely used by the Australian people. When the first immigration came to Australia from England, English have been playing a significant role in Australia’s history. Parts of Australia Aboriginal still can use the indigenous languages. But nowadays, more and more indigenous people only speak in English. After the 1969 race riots, Malay became the main language. However, before that, English was the official language in the past a long period. Therefore, people can see that English is still an active second language, moreover, in all public schools, a mandatory requirement for the teaching of mathematics and science projects. Other main languages in Malaysia are: Malay, English, Chinese, and Tamil. 1. Culture Australia is a nation of immigrants, multiculturalism...
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...Australia is home to increase religious diversity and religious variety. Its current religious landscape is shaped through the dramatic effect of immigration, the movements to and from religions or denominations, the exploration of new religious movements and the acknowledgement of no religion. These many reasons have created an increase and decrease of many religious traditions, as well as ethnic and cultural diversity in Australia. Post war immigration is directly linked to the emergence of Australia’s new wave of migration. This helped greatly in reshaping Australia’s religious connections with many religions and denominations in terms of ethnic diversity. Many religions existed elsewhere in the world but only appeared in Australia as migration and refugee patterns changed. When Indigenous Australians were counted in Census forms in 1960, a vast majority were Christian whilst some still had a desire to integrate Aboriginal spirituality and customs into Christian expression. Migrants whom entered after World War 1 were simply those who chose to assimilate and not change the British-European culture. This was because the ‘White Australia Policy’ was in place and it was racially prejudice, religiously intolerant and only accepted whites. However, by World War 2 Australia had to ‘Populate or Perish’, thus they were desperate to increase population for national security reasons and economic growth. This ultimately led to a huge population increase, as Australia accepted over 3...
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...background, sexual orientation and / or gender identity, intellectual and / or physical ability (Department of Immigration and Citizenship, 2011). Diversity is becoming an integral part of life and more importantly at the workplace. Everyday diversity is increasing in organisations. Australia is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world: One in two Australians is either born overseas or has a parent from another country (Diversity Council Australia, 2013). In the late 1960s, more than half of Australia’s immigrants came from the United Kingdom and Ireland. Today, these countries represent only 15% of immigrants whereas 25% are from various parts of Asia (McShane, et al., 2013). At a workplace everybody knows that there is no such thing as a homogeneous work team any more. In at least 70% of all international companies, the work force will be a mixture of diverse cultures, religions and races. In such a scenario, it becomes important to promote ethnic, social, cultural and gender-related diversity in the workplace (Buzzle, 2014). A perfect example of surface level diversity is seen at HSBC, “Walk into the country headquarters of HSBC in Sydney, London or elsewhere and you might think you have entered a United Nations building. The London-based financial institution has dramatically embraced diversity over the past decade (McShane, et al., 2013).” So important is diversity that even in countries...
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...explain where we came from, and why people all over the world like African, Asian, or European were so different from skin, hair color, or our appearances. Based on the evidences –hand drawings, human bones –which were found by the researchers, they predicted that Africa might the place where human was first discovered. About 150,000 years ago, before B.C, people knew how to hunting and picking fruits to survived. Due to the weather changed and other external factors, they had moved to other places around the world where they found new ways to adapt to the new changes and environment. For example, because of the reasons such as not having food or weather changing, people from Africa moved to Yemen and India later. The scientists believed that it was the first immigration in our history of human based on what they found on the cave through pictures of hand drawings and stoned tools. People continued to immigrant to another places because of the harsh conditions and lacking of food. Scientists found that because of the sea level was at really low, people from Yemen and Africa could be able to walk across the sea and moved to the new continent. At there, they had to faced with natural disasters such as volcano, earthquake, new animal attacked like snake cobra, they had developed the new ways to survive by catching fish at the ocean. By living at the sea and due to the growing of population, the second immigration was made by across to Malaysia and Australia. This time, they knew how to...
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...Application for migration to Australia by a partner Form 47SP The Department of Immigration and Border Protection (the department) acknowledges that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are the traditional custodians of the Australian land. About this application form Complete this form if you wish to apply for a: • Partner visa in Australia (subclass 820/801) • Partner visa outside Australia (subclass 309/100) • Prospective Marriage visa outside Australia (subclass 300). For the purpose of this application: • Partner means your spouse or de facto partner (including same-sex partners) • Fiancé(e) refers to the person you intend to marry. This is usually your sponsor, or sponsoring partner. If you are applying outside Australia, you will be applying to migrate. If you are applying in Australia, you will be applying for permanent residence. In this form, the term ‘migrate’ covers both. Before completing this form, you should read the detailed requirements in booklet 1, Partner Migration, which is available from the department’s website www.immi.gov.au/allforms/ Further information on partner category migration is also available from www.immi.gov.au/migrants/ or you can contact the department’s enquiry line (see information box on page 5). Life in Australia – Australian values The Australian Government encourages people to gain an understanding of Australia, its people and their way of life, before applying for a visa to live in Australia. This includes understanding...
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...Equality for Women in the Workforce The Daily Telegragh, a well-known Australian tabloid, published a twenty one photo gallery on the many hair styles of Julia Gillard on their website. There was no mention of her political prowess or the fact she was the most powerful women in Australia, the focus was squarely on her appearance (News Ltd, 2014). This is just one of the many obstacles women face when striving for equality in the workplace. This paper will explore the disadvantages women face in the workplace, including the gender pay gap, the under representation of women in senior leadership roles and sexual harassment. A plan to address these disadvantages will be outlined and justification of why it will work will be provided. At the outbreak of world war one far fewer women than men participated in work, and they tended to be lower-paid domestic occupations, as the women’s main role was seen to be in the home. The withdrawal of approximately half a million men, most of who had been in the workforce, still did not result in their direct replacement with women. Women’s contribution to the workforce rose, but the increase was in traditional areas of women work, for example in the clothing and footwear industry. Unions were unwilling to let women join the workforce in greater numbers in traditional male roles as they feared it would lead to a lowering of wages (Adam-Smith, 1996). Since the early 1900’s the country has come a long way and developed at a rate faster...
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...Under a staggering development of economy, many people immigrate to foreign country, such as USA, UK and Australia. Therefore, they promote development of economic of these countries, as well as bringing to negative effects. In this essay, I will discuss that how influence the economic of developed countries. For example, population of America will be twice in this century. Especially, the number of children increased sharply. So that need as twice as houses, cars, roads, prison, hospitals, schools water treatment facilities and so on. Therefore American needs more nature resource than before. Firstly, immigration helps late Twentieth Century Massachusetts economy in America. More specifically, during in 1970s, as population of Massachusetts move to other place and Massachusetts of birth rate decreased sharply. Massachusetts suffered from urban flight, closing industrial, and so on. However, in 1980s considerable immigrations that come from different countries settled in Massachusetts, which bring a host of labors. Under depressing economy, most of labors can find a job on manufacturing, thereby promoting the development of economy. For instance, much immigration is employed in manufacturing, which in every 100 workers, there are 78 workers in this department. Secondly, immigration that has high-skilled makes a great contribution on the economy of Massachusetts. Comparing with native people who have professionals such as engineers’ physical scientists and computer scientists...
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...Population growth in Australia Executive Summary According to Treasury's most recent Intergenerational Report, Australia's population should climb from 22.7 to 36 million by 2050 due to a combination of a fairly high birth rate by western standards and significant levels of immigration. (ABC, 2011) Prime Minister Julia Gillard seems to be supportive of this rapidly growing population, as she stated in a recent press conference that ‘population growth is crucial for the economic welfare of our nation’. Economic welfare broadly refers to the level of prosperity and living standards of an individual or group of persons, and Julia Gillard’s statement is very valid in that Australia does heavily rely on an increasing population for economic welfare, in order to maximise the economic welfare of individual’s society. Population growth can introduce numerous benefits in the form of economies of scale, economic growth and a good dependency ratio, and these arguments will be discussed further in order to prove the validity of Julia Gillard’s statement. Economies of scale Economies of scale are the benefits to a firm (decreasing average costs of production) as the firm increases in size. Population growth permits the development of economies of scale for Australian firms because with more people there is more labour for production and more money to spend on production, increasing the quantity produced. This means that the unit cost of production decreases, resulting in more revenue...
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...sources you use. 1. What is diversity? Why is diversity valued? According to “Luther College” (2013), “Diversity encompasses complex differences in perspectives, identity, and points of view among individuals who make up the wider community. Diversity includes important and interrelated dimensions of human identity such as race, ethnicity, gender, socio-economic status, nationality, citizenship, religion, sexual orientation, ability, and age” (para 2nd). Diversity is valued because it powers the way people understand and interpret the world. Multiple identities, ideas, thoughts, emotions, moral and values makes the community and society work better. 2. What is ethnocentrism? In what ways can ethnocentrism be detrimental to a society? The "Dictionary. Com " (2013) website indicates that ethnocentrism is the propensity to evaluate other groups according to values and standards of their own ethnic group, particularly with the belief that their own ethnic group is superior than others group. Ethnocentrism can be detrimental to a society because of peoples false assumptions toward culture differences. It causes misjudgement and misinterpretation in the society and distorts communication between human beings. 3. Define emigration and immigration. Emigration is leaving the country or region you live in to settle in other country. For example, to emigrate from The Untied States of America to Australia. Whereas, Immigration is permanently leaving the country you live...
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