...Erika Betancourt Professor Behler April 26th 2016 Researched Items King Henry VIII: King Henry VIII was the son on King Henry VII. He is very well known for his 9 wives. He married his first wife, Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and had his first son in 1511 whom died 2 months later. Catherine continued to have miscarriages and the children that they did have would die shortly after birth. Henry became frustrated and even though he was still married to Catherine he had two mistresses: Mary Boleyn and Elizabeth Blount. After being married for 17 years, Henry fell in love with Mary Boleyn and solicited an annulment from the Pope since him and Catherine were married through the church. Catherine died alone in 1536. King Henry VIII is significant to history because he separated church and the government. During this time period, Kings were rulers of everything including religion and when the Pope refused to annul king Henry’s marriage with Catherine, King Henry took matter into his own hands and found someone else to annul his marriage. (Tudor) Lucrezia Borgia: Born during Italy’s Renaissance period, when artists and architects emerged to world appreciation. Her father was Pope Alexander VI and a mistress named Vannozza Cattanei. Lucrezia was married at least 2 times, if not 3. At age 11, her father cancelled her marriage...
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...is, King Henry VIII. On June 28, 1491, Henry Tudor, King Henry VIII, was born in Greenwich Palace, in London, England. Henry was born to an affectionate family that delivered six other children, but only four children survived: Arthur, Margaret, Mary, and Henry. Henry VIII’s brother, Arthur, was the eldest of the Tudor family and Arthur’s father would bequeath his position and the royal title to Arthur. When Arthur reached the age of fifteen he passed away leaving the right to the throne to he younger brother, Henry VIII. King Henry VIII was only ten-years-old when he was appointed king of England. He eventually married his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, who was once betrothed to Arthur, his oldest brother. Catherine, being the daughter of the Spanish king and queen, was a contributing factor as to why Henry agreed to join Catherine in matrimony, for Henry could remain in relations with Spain (Ford 18). Catherine and King Henry VIII gave birth to a daughter, Mary. This was unacceptable to King Henry because he anticipated continuing his family’s name on the throne for generations to come, he would need to conceive a son to take his spot as king once he was deceased. The Catholic Church doesn’t permit divorce of a marriage, but Henry asked for Pope Clement VII to cancel his marriage. King Henry VIII demanded his marriage to Catherine be canceled, and he spoke out that their marriage was wrong from the beginning because his brother was first to marry her, making Henry VIII...
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...F961A3: Henry VIII to Mary I, 1509-1558 A: What were Henry VIII's aims as king from 1509-1529? Henry VIII's personality and role in government ▪ Henry VIII was a confident and energetic monarch. He had a much stronger claim to the throne than his father and there were no threats to his throne from pretenders. ▪ Henry VIII wanted to achieve glory for himself, his Court and for England. He would attempt to achieve this mainly through his foreign policy. ▪ Henry VIII was not, unlike his father, interested in the day to day administration of English government. ▪ He played a very important role at Court and he had the final say in all matters, but the running of the government and administration, he left to Wolsey - his chief minister from 1514-1529. ▪ Henry VIII was always the centre of attention but he hated writing and debating. Instead he preferred the thrill of hunting and sportsmanship and the excitement of diplomacy. ▪ Although Henry and Wolsey had their disagreements in the period up to 1527, none was serious enough to cause serious problems. ▪ Wolsey was brilliant at managing Henry's overdeveloped ego and Henry may have seen Wolsey as a surrogate father. ▪ After 1527, Henry VIII's energies were focused on the gravest crisis of his reign, the attempt by Henry to have his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled. This problem would lead eventually to Wolsey's fall from power. Henry VIII and foreign policy Introduction ▪ Henry VIII...
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...A King that Wanted a Son, Challenged the System and Brought Down an Over-Powerful Religious Empire. According to doctrine, Jesus Christ founded the Catholic Church and Peter made it official in about 50-75 CE. The early church struggled for acceptance, wherein Christians were outcasts for the first couple hundred years of the Church’s existence. However, in the year 313, Emperor Constantine-I legalized Christianity and it eventually became the state religion of the Roman Empire by the decree of the Emperor. Even after the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Catholic Church and the state remained closely linked. More specifically, the duties of every political authority and commoner including: kings, queens, princes, knights, serfs and soldiers were to the embrace the Catholic faith and to support, sustain and nurture the church. Kings believed that "God establishes kings as his ministers and reigns through them over the people.” For over a thousand years, the Catholic Church reinforced the political authority of the states and the states reinforced the authority of the church. However, in 1527 King Henry-VIII of England challenged the authority of the Church to exert its political and economic authority over sovereign lands. By establishing the Church of England, King Henry-VIII changed the way most European monarchs viewed the authority of the Pope. After complicated power struggle with the Catholic Church, involving political and theological issues, King Henry-VIII...
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...HENRY VIII AND FOREIGN POLICY Introduction Henry VIII was an ambitious aggressive monarch. Unlike his father Henry VII, whose interests were mainly defensive, Henry VIII was an interventionist. He wanted to raise England’s profile in European power politics and was prepared to go to war to capture French territory. He saw himself as the equal of Francis I of France and Charles V of Germany and wanted to show off England's power by claiming that England held the balance of power between them. His chief minister, Wolsey, the humanist, wanted the glory of international diplomacy but wished to avoid the waste of war. His quest for peace, helped to dampen Henry’s martial ambitions. During Wolsey’s period of high office, England only went to war once – in 1523. Wolsey probably spent more time on foreign affairs than on domestic issues. Relations with France 1513 War with France: Why? Henry VIII wanted glory. He wished to renew the Hundred Years War with France. In 1422 Henry VI of England was proclaimed king of France; by 1453 the English had been expelled from France, except for the port of Calais. Henry wished to reassert his claim to the throne of France. Within weeks of his accession, Henry married Catherine of Aragon in order to renew England’s alliance with Spain. Spain might be the ally England needed. What happened? Wolsey organized the expedition. Henry led 30,000 men and captured the towns of Therouanne and Tournai. The French...
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...Year 12 Henry VIII Revision Guide 1 How to answer questions on the Tudors Section A Essays: How far do the sources agree that? Introduction: Explain what you can learn from each source Briefly cross reference the sources Provide an argument in response to the question Main paragraphs: State a similarity or difference between the sources – make sure you focus on ‘How Far’ Select relevant information from the sources to support this point Place this in context using your brief own knowledge Use provenance to explain this similarity/difference Conclusion: Sum up how far the sources agree based on content and provenance Section B Essays: Do you agree with the view that? Introduction: State your line of argument – how far do you agree with the view? State the main similarities and differences between the sources Main paragraphs: State a reason for yes/no. Make sure you phrase this in a way that links to your line of argument and answers the question. Remember that each source will suggest a different reason for yes/no. Support this reason with evidence from the sources and your own knowledge Cross-reference between the sources Weigh up the evidence of the sources. Consider provenance for primary sources and judge secondary sources based on the evidence included and the weight given to certain evidence Link back to your line of argument Conclusion: Explain how your argument has been proven with reference to the sources and your own knowledge...
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...Mocarski 2 Queen Elizabeth I A Queen With the Heart of a King One whom is to be considered, by many, as the greatest monarch in history would be Queen Elizabeth I. She is considered to be one of the important reigns in the world. Although she was a success, Elizabeth was not always viewed as a strong and capable woman. Many questioned if she would be able to overcome the problems that were essential in becoming the queen of England. Queen Elizabeth I is the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn (his second wife). She was born at the Greenwich Palace on September 7, 1533. To King Henry VIII, Elizabeth was his second daughter. His first born daughter was Mary, she was the daughter of Catherine of Aragon. King Henry VIII was not too thrilled...
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...Schism. e. the influence of John Calvin. 2. The author of the Ninety-Five Theses was a. John Calvin. b. Erasmus. c. Voltaire. d. Martin Luther. e. Henry VIII. 3. The Catholic church dramatically pushed the sale of indulgences in the sixteenth century because of the a. need to match the resurgence of the Byzantine empire. b. threat posed by Islam. c. need for Henry VIII to pay off the national debt. d. expense associated with translating original Greek classics. e. need to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter’s basilica. 4. Which one of the following was not one of Luther’s problems with the Roman Catholic church? a. the selling of indulgences b. pluralism c. absenteeism d. the immense wealth of the Catholic church e. the church’s decision to translate the Bible into vernacular languages 5. Who said, “I cannot and will not recant anything, for it is neither safe nor right to act against one’s conscience. Here I stand. I can do no other.”? a. Martin Luther b. Jesus c. John Calvin d. Sima Qian e. Henry VIII 6. In the centuries following the fall of Rome, the only unifying force for all of Europe was a. the Byzantine empire. b. the Holy Roman empire. c. the Catholic church. d. the Auld Alliance. e. the Umayyad dynasty. 7. Henry VIII’s reformation in England a. was based on the ideas of the Anabaptists. b. was much more politically driven than Luther’s reformation. c. was inspired...
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...and was a good husband and father. He was very rational and just, and G.K. Chesterton said that Thomas More "may come to be counted the greatest Englishman, or at least the greatest historical character in English history." There are three main reasons why he was and continues to be of great importance to the Church: He fought strongly against the Protestant Reformation, he refused to recognize King Henry VIII’s first marriage as invalid, and he was...
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...The Tudors: A Very Short Introduction VERY SHORT INTRODUCTIONS are for anyone wanting a stimulating and accessible way in to a new subject. They are written by experts, and have been published in more than 25 languages worldwide. The series began in 1995, and now represents a wide variety of topics in history, philosophy, religion, science, and the humanities. Over the next few years it will grow to a library of around 200 volumes- a Very Short Introduction to everything from ancient Egypt and Indian philosophy to conceptual art and cosmology. Very Short Introductions available now: ANCIENT P H I L O S O P H Y Julia Annas THE ANGLO-SAXON AGE John Blair ANIMAL RIGHTS David DeGrazia ARCHAEOLOGY Paul Bahn ARCHITECTURE Andrew Ballantyne ARISTOTLE Jonathan Barnes ART HISTORY Dana Arnold ARTTHEORY Cynthia Freeland THE HISTORYOF ASTRONOMY Michael Hoskin ATHEISM Julian Baggini AUGUSTINE HenryChadwick BARTHES Jonathan Culler THE B I B L E John Riches BRITISH POLITICS Anthony Wright BUDDHA Michael Carrithers BUDDHISM DamienKeown CAPITALISM James Fulcher THE CELTS Barry Cunliffe CHOICETHEORY Michael Allingham CHRISTIAN ART Beth Williamson CLASSICS Mary Beard and John Henderson CLAUSEWITZ Michael Howard THE COLD WAR Robert McMahon CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY Simon Critchley COSMOLOGY Peter Coles CRYPTOGRAPHY Fred Piper and Sean Murphy DADAAND SURREALISM David Hopkins DARWIN Jonathan Howard DEMOCRACY Bernard Crick DESCARTES TomSorell DRUGS Leslie Iversen TH E EARTH Martin Redfern EGYPTIAN...
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...the driving force in the break! Para 2:Source 9 and 7 also tell us it was driven by henry wanting a divorce ! Conclusion: I believe that the break was not driven by cromwell but a variety of other reasons (quote source 7 and 8 ‘succession problem) Thomas Cromwell was an adviser to Henry VIII, responsible for drafting the documents that formalised England's religious and political break with Rome during the 1530’s. It can be argued that he was the driving force behind the break from Rome. However it could be other reasons such as Henrys desire for a divorce or for his desire for a male heir.! Source 7 and 8 both support the theory that Cromwell was the driving force in the break with Rome. Source 7 says that Cromwell’s importance lay “in his personal influence on the king”, this shows that Cromwell would have worked through the king giving him enough power to drive the break from Rome. Also Source 7 says, “although Cromwell may not have originated the ideas behind Henry’s policy, he took the ideas and made them practicable”, therefore it can be inferred from this source that he was the driving force as it was Cromwell who made the ideas happen. Source 8 also agrees with the statement, it tells us that the “major attack on the Commons on the Church” was “well organised by Cromwell, which Henry supported”, this is important as this source confirms again that Cromwell has an influence over the king and can act through him. Also the source tells us that Cromwell organised an attack...
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...short story written by Robin Black in 2010. Death is an issue everybody has to face at some point in their lives. The only thing we know for certain as human beings is that we are mortal. We do not know why we are here and how we got here, however we definitely know that someday we are going to die. Nevertheless, death is also a very vulnerable topic and it is difficult to know how to handle it when and we all have different ways of dealing with death. In the short story “...Divorced, Beheaded, Survived” (2010) by Robin Black we meet the I-narrator, Sarah, her husband Lyle and their two children Mark and Coco. The short story deals with themes such as death, memories, childhood and the management of something difficult in life no matter if you are an adult or a child. The title of the short story “Divorced, Beheaded, Survived” is a part of the rhyme “Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived” which is used to remember the fates of King Henry VIII’s six wives. In Sarah’s childhood she used to play a game with her older brother Terry and two other kids from the neighbourhood, Molly and Johnny, where they had to play King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn (King Henry VIII’s third wife). Anne Boleyn was the first wife who was executed wife out of two, out of King Henry VIII’s six wives so when game went on, someone had to behead the one who played Anne. When the played their game over and over again everyone had to rotate so they all could play Anne. At that time, in 1973...
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...being read and translated in Western Europe. Some of these texts conflicted with the scholastic philosophy based on the limited ancient texts (mainly Aristotle) previously available. A particularly important one was the work of Sextus Empiricus, who was a skeptic. Another important text discovered at this time was On the Nature of Things by Lucretius which advocated a mechanistic universe. 3) the invention of printing led to the rapid dissemination of new ideas; 4) the discovery of the Americas led to the further discovery of information difficult to reconcile with Aristotle. Maps before Columbus look like this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_revolutionibus_orbium_coelestium Twenty-five years after the map above was printed we see the Waldseemuller map: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1272921/Ten-greatest-maps-changed-world.html . A whole new continent is added! Worse, in 1572 a new star appeared in the sky. Tycho Brahe’s careful observations showed that it was beyond the moon (Gingerich). According to Medieval Aristotelianism the celestial regions (beyond the moon) were unchanging. 5) Guns! The Knights were not so important as fighters and this again tended to raise the value of the common person vs, the noble. In the Battle of Castillon artillery was important in the final French victory of the Hundred Years War. The New Learning and newly discovered texts. The new classical texts that were discovered led to the Renaissance (the rebirth of classical...
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...Scott used history class for a variety of purposes. He completed homework for other classes. He worked on a new comic book hero he was developing. Mostly, however, he used this time to daydream about the future. He enjoyed imagining himself as a successful heart surgeon or as the celebrated president of a major corporation. In his mind, history had nothing to do with his future fortune, so why should he suffer through memorizing historical facts, figures, and countless textbooks? Not only were Scott's parents displeased with his history grades, they were clearly disappointed with his negative view on history. They made several attempts to remedy the problem. They took him to Civil War reenactments, complete with battles, cannons, and guns....
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...worshipped a single god • Question 2 4 out of 4 points Why did the arts develop in Mesopotamia? Correct Answer: As celebrations of the priest-kings' power • Question 3 4 out of 4 points As noted in the chapter's "Continuity and Change' section, what most distinguishes Mesopotamia from Egypt? Correct Answer: The Egyptians were united by a more stable succession of rulers • Question 4 4 out of 4 points Why is the Epic of Gilgamesh a first in known literary works? Correct Answer: It is the first to confront the idea of death • Question 5 4 out of 4 points What about the Royal Standard of Ur illustrates social perspective or hierarchy of scale? Correct Answer: The most important figures are represented as larger than others • Question 6 4 out of 4 points The Egyptian word for sculpture is the same as the word for what other act? Correct Answer: Giving birth • Question 7 4 out of 4 points Why did Egyptian artists paint human's faces, arms, legs, and feet in profile? Correct Answer: They believed it was the most characteristic view • Question 8 4 out of 4 points Why were Egyptians buried with Books of Going Forth by Day (Books of the Dead)? Correct Answer: To help them survive the ritual of judgment • Question 9 4 out of 4 points Why was the Palette of Narmer created? Correct Answer: ...
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