...briefconsumption taxes: the way of the future 1. Introduction: * Government more and more interested in taxes on consumption to finance a large share of public spending * Reasons: (1). Increased international tax competition>>联想：可能是公司都找到税收最低的国家创立空壳公司来合理避税>>different to collect income taxes>choose consumption to be the main source of revenue. (2). Move from tax on income to tax on consumption >>improve economic efficiency >>increase the rate of growth >>improve competitiveness >>protect employment 以上两项放到了political上 (1). Germany: increase VTA rate >>to finance a cut in social security contributions. (2). France: A proposal to increase VAT & reduce employers’ social security contributions Increase VTA 的问题 (1). Increase the inequity (2). Lower the living standards of the poor balance: between economic efficiency and income inequality. 2. 啥是taxes on consumption how to choose the balance between direct tax and indirect tax Question: why social security contributions can be even regressive (taking a higher proportion of lwer incomers.) 3. what are the trends in the OECD? (1). 观察VAT在1965-1975年之间在OECD的变化 average: decrease this change balanced by the increase of tax on income<<strong increase in the share of social security contributions. (2). The role VAT played in the development of consumption tax over the past 40 years. Figure 2: Revenue from general consumption taxes (and VAT in particular)...
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...Introduction · Homosexual Marriages Should Have the Same Rights as Heterosexual Marriages. · Comparisons to Other Countries · Europe · Africa · Background · First Argument with Gay Marriage · Changes in the Ability to Get Married · Hate Crimes · Identification of Policy Alternatives · Legalizing Gay Marriage Amongst All States · Legalizing Gay Marriage Amongst All States, but Naming it “Civil Unions” · Legalizing Gay Marriage/Civil Unions Against Some States, Recognizing it in All · Recommendation · References INTRODUCTION: Same Sex Marriages Having Same Rights as Heterosexual Marriages Gay marriage has been an active debate amongst politicians, religious figures, and the public. The debate has spanned over a decade with little change for either side. The issue of gay marriage is not just about the name of what the union is called, but the right to be able to legally join as homosexual couples with the same rights as heterosexual couples. Reasons for someone to be in favor of this topic are that there should be a separation of religion and politics, it deprives homosexuals of their natural rights, and this issue has escalated to violent hate crimes towards homosexuals. As it stands, currently 9 million adults are homosexuals, representing 4 percent of the 18 and over population in the United States with no signs of diminishing. Public administrators have done little in regards to helping ease the situation...
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...BREAKING NEWS: The U.S, government has come up with a new way to govern. It is called the Constitution, why should we the people believe this will be better than the Articles of Confederation. Well first off, the Articles have many weaknesses, one of these being it gives the states too much power. We all know this was on purpose. In the beginning, we were scared to have a government as strong as England’s parliament. The Congress the Articles created can’t enforce treaties and can’t collect taxes from the states. Taxes, nobody likes them, but after this war that’s what we need to pay off all our debts. States don’t have to follow or enforce federal laws which can easily cause chaos. The new Constitution will create a stronger government...
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...humans are born with, it is a behavior that is taught and bred into people. In most cases this act of instilling hate is incepted during child hood, by a parent or a close relative. In some cases people who breathe hatred may have been introduced to this way of thinking out of their household by close friends or acquaintances. In either case this way of thinking has caused a strain on intercultural relationships in past years and it stills haunts our current society. The Deep South still wreaks the singe of racial discrimination, it seems the further south you travel the more you can experience or hear about how prevalent racism still is in these areas. It is always bad when the common citizens have this mentality; however when your judicial system is comprised of individuals who still embrace this thought pattern, then you really have to ask yourself who can you trust ?or who can you even turn to? when the officers that are suppose to up hold the laws are tainted along with the laws that are suppose to govern the land. It is apparent that the governing body of the United States places racial issues on the back burner; it seems to me that the government will only address certain issues if media attention warrants it. There is no excuse why all laws are not equivalent throughout the United States; each state currently has different laws to govern the same crimes. If there is one governing body why are the laws not the same every where? The recent incident that took...
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...banning sanctuary cities across Texas. He is declaring that its needed to keep Texans safe. Giving grater freedom to local Texas police to ask people, who have been detained about their immigration status, and mandates cooperation with federal immigration authorities. Officials who do not cooperate with federal immigrations authorities could be fined or even jailed. Those that are in favor of banning sanctuary cities argue that sanctuary cities protect criminals creating a dangerous environment for U.S citizens. We also have those who oppose the law thinking that it’s unconstitutional worrying it will turn routine exchanges like traffic stops into excuses for police to target undocumented immigrants indiscriminately deport people who have committed no crimes, separate families, and...
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...Harlem Renaissance: 2. Which selection from the Harlem Renaissance offers the most hopeful message? Why? What is the selection’s message and how does the writer convey its message so effectively? What devices does he/she utilize? Theme for English B by Langston Hughes has the most hopeful message in my opinion, because he wasn’t negative about who he was. He explains a bit about himself, like where he is from and what he likes. He realizes that is he not so different from everyone else in the class and how he has the same value as any white person. I believe that Langston Hughes’ message is that no matter what skin color we are, we all learn from each other and we are all apart of each other, which makes us American. Hughes’ conveys this...
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...college students it hurts your grades K-12 also because they are not receiving as many grants as they need to keep their Districts kept up and maintained like they should be. A 4% budget cut for an institution is a lot when you think of it, any type of budget for the school system is detrimental for certain districts. That is why see a few of the smaller and poor districts suffer they end up getting in a whole they cannot get out of. Budget cuts are like a vicious cycle in the schools never come on top. A few of the things that budget cuts teach children is how to think of other ways to raise money for their schools, fundraising is a good idea. Fundraising teaches children that if they want something really bad let’s say a music program or a school trip they will put up a fundraiser that not only helps the school but it helps the community. Fundraising doesn’t just help out schools it is also good for the kids who are in foster care. Foster care children need to raise money for books and school supplies. They also need to raise money so that their housing can be updated with better...
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...In a recent study by me, the government is always watching what we do online. This is why we have to expel all recent technological advances from our society and revert back to a time when we used cups and strings to talk over long distances. Some examples of how the government is spying on us are phone taps, microwave microphones, webcam viewing, bug cameras, and mind reading. Some ways to combat these spy tactics are to get rid of every form of electronic in your house, including synthetic organs and Heart-Shock machines which are some of the most used devices by the government to spy on you. Keep the government from viewing your thoughts by wearing any form of metal foil around your head and injecting lead particulates into your bloodstream to deflect mind rays. Avoid camera bugs by...
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...thought-provoking process about the deterioration of society. The two elements that Frost incorporates into his poem are very vital to its analysis. Fire can symbolize many things negatively as well as positively. The negative affiliations with fire include chaos, war, ruin, and destruction. Few years prior to the American Revolution, there was a chaotic clashing between American colonists and the British because of heavily imposed taxes, thus, portraying an unorganized and hostile society. Plenty of wars have occurred on this earth because of societies. Ruin and destruction also exemplify the notion of this idea. After the tragic 9/11 incident in the United States, many Americans developed such a hatred for the Muslim people (and vice versa) to the point where racism was deemed acceptable. The actions were responsible in the production of one society against another leaving practically no lee-way for peace. Although these characteristics seem very likely, others believe that fire can also act as a cleanser and purifier; that fire banishes darkness and sometimes people speak of love as an eternal flame. If this is the case, then we can connect it to the way in which society behaves. Passion and determination are key characteristics to have in order to obtain certain desires. However, isn’t it true that sometimes to acquire...
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...earned a record four hundred and five billion dollars in revenue. The company was founded in 1962 by business entrepreneur Sam Walton. Walmart’s past (2006) advertising slogan, “Low prices, always”, accurately reflects the appeal the store has to the masses. In an attempt to attain a wider and more diverse customer base, in recent years Walmart has adopted the new slogan: “Saving people money so they can live better lives.” While there’s no doubt about Walmart’s low prices, it’s questionable as to whether Walmart actually allows people to “live better lives.” Not only this, but the ethicality of Walmart’s business practices seem unsound to say the least. After watching the film “Walmart: the High Cost of Low Cost”, the ethicality of Walmart’s business practices and the impact the company has on the communities in which they expand into become apparent. While some argue that Walmart makes unethical decisions quite often that harm the communities they expand into, others assert that Walmart operates within the law and is simply doing business rather than acting unethically within such communities. Why is it ethical? The film focuses on making Walmart the target of the woes of several small communities, some of which have turned from once thriving downtown areas into ghost-towns. Throughout the film, the viewers are shown a pattern of destruction created by the economic and social turmoil which results when Walmart moves into their town. The common...
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...These immigrants find themselves in poverty, a cycle of abuse, and some even lacking a strong education (Nuñez, 2014). So much so that immigration has influenced several contemporary literature pieces that accurately portrays the reasons why one leaves their country for the United States, and what they do once here (Richardson, 2017). The odds are against their favor back home so when they decide to take the journey to America, they risk it all -- even the most valuable thing any person possesses: their identity. Once in the U.S., these immigrants begin to set roots, and seek employment. As does any person when looking for a job, these immigrants begin to network. They get in contact with people that will offer them a job, either big or small. Many immigrants will face a language barrier, and as a result, many enroll in English classes. It is important to these...
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...Americans fought discrimination and unfair treatment, segregation and hate for being who they were. Same-sex couples are doing the same thing, now in fighting for equality, rights, and liberties that America owes them all. Same-sex couples may not have been enslaved, but doesn’t that mean same-sex couples don't feel hurt all the same by not being allowed to be with someone they love or in danger because of it. Just because they didn't endure the years of hardship that African Americans doesn't mean same-sex couples don't have their fair share of discrimination for extremely illegitimate reasons. It boils down to people’s blatant fear of change and allowing anything new to blossom. Marriage equality is the same fight as the Civil Rights Movement because it will benefit everyone, end discrimination, and make a better future for our country. Marriage equality will benefit everyone like the Civil Rights Movement did in the 1960’s. Federal, state, and local government will benefit the same ways it did after the Civil Rights Movement. There are 1,138 benefits, rights, and protections available to married couples, but not to same-sex couples until marriage equality is approved everywhere. Marriage equality will create opportunities in employment so that poverty levels will decrease. It will provide financial gain to the governments because the governments’ revenue from marriage comes from marriage licenses, higher income taxes in some circumstances (the so called “Marriage Penalty”), and...
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...the 2016 presidential election approaching, Americans should highly consider voting Republican if they want to better education, lower taxes, and focus government on local levels. It is important to understand what the party stands for and the reasoning behind it. With all of the controversial issues among the American people the country needs to know who they are voting for. The Republican party started in the 1950s by anti-slavery activist, the actual name “republican” was chosen to reflect equality. Abraham Lincoln was America's first Republican president and under him Americans got the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment abolishing slavery. The party was also the first to support women's suffrage and most of the states that voted for...
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...that, they do try and pass a lot of bills through Congress but I don’t think they are under the radar. Everyone has access to pretty much anything the government tries to pass the problem is they do not even try to put them in terms we can understand. They put it in all technical terms that I’m not even sure they know what it means. I feel as if the Congress should have to try and put anything they try to pass in laments terms. In the upcoming pages of this paper I will explain to you some of the amendments of the constitution known as the Liberty Amendments that will hopefully help our country in its time of need during what is known as a convention process. I will let you know if I agree or disagree with what Mark states and tell you why we both feel the way we do. I will start as he did with the amendment for term limits. Mr. Levin says he feels that there should be term limits with any member of Congress rather it be the House or the Senate. He feels that no member should be able to serve over twelve years in the House or Senate or combination of the...
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...by the people for the people, and therefore government has the power to control resources based on what the people want. Sure, people don’t like to pay taxes. People would rather keep all of their money and spend it in the way that they’d like. However, people also know how important social security, Medicaid, and other governmental programs are to their future, and therefore are willing to pay taxes in exchange for the goods and services the government provides to its citizens. Essentially, it all comes down to an economic comparison between one option (no taxes and no governmental programs) versus another option (taxes and governmental programs), and how much people are willing to pay (money, opportunity costs, etc.) for one option versus another. Because taxation by the government is such an important subject to everyone, Public Finance is truly an important subject that affects everyone and is an important subject for everyone to learn about, since it affects their overall well-being. By know more about voting, government allocation of resources, redistribution programs, and other important topics in Public Finance, people can make better decisions about who to vote for and people can have a bigger say and better knowledge about how the government affects their income and lifestyle. It is the purpose of this paper to describe various important and broad topics in Public Finance, in the pursuit of teaching some basic concepts in Public Finance, informing people about...
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