...Self-Study Quiz: What Can We Do About Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria? You Decide What Can We Do About Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria? Summarize, evaluate, and argue the validity of the data that demonstrate the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Then present a plan for reducing this problem in the future. Keep these questions in mind: · What data supports the hypothesis that antibiotic-resistance is on the rise? What problems do you see in this data? Can you propose a way to overcome these problems · Which methods have been successful in decreasing the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains? Which methods have not? · What shortcomings or errors do these given studies have? Can you design a new study that would overcome them? Student Deliverable: Summarize, evaluate, and argue the validity of the data that demonstrate the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Can antibiotic resistance be over come? What can we do?Let's start with washing our hands often with soap and water this will help to prevent a disease and also the need for antibiotics. Also, while handling food such as meet make sure meat is cooked though, and the food is handled hygienically. This will help with food-borne illnesses. We need to make sure to take antibiotics only if needed. What is happening is more often than most is, we tend to go to the doctor for the mere ordinary cold. But do you really need that antibiotic? A cold is a virus antibiotic will not help cure the common cold...
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...Self-Study Quiz: What Can We Do About Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria? You Decide What Can We Do About Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria? Summarize, evaluate, and argue the validity of the data that demonstrate the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Then present a plan for reducing this problem in the future. Keep these questions in mind: • What data supports the hypothesis that antibiotic-resistance is on the rise? What problems do you see in this data? Can you propose a way to overcome these problems? • Which methods have been successful in decreasing the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains? Which methods have not? • What shortcomings or errors do these given studies have? Can you design a new study that would overcome them? Student Deliverable: |Summarize, evaluate, and argue the validity of the data that demonstrate the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. | | | |Can antibiotic resistance be overcome? Let's start with washing our hands often with soap and water this will help to prevent a disease and | |also the need for antibiotics. Also, while handling food such as meet make sure meat is cooked though, and the food is handled hygienically. | |This will help with food-borne illnesses. We need to make sure to take antibiotics only if needed. What is happening is...
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...Essay 1 According to some medical authorities, we are on the verge of a major health crisis: Antibiotics, a sort of panacea for bacterial infections that used to kill millions of people every year, are losing their ability to thwart disease. This means that, if the present trend continues, humanity will once again find itself facing the kinds of apocalyptic epidemics that have been man’s curse for all but the last century of history. Bacteria of many ilk, from the relatively innocuous streptococci that give most people a sore throat and a bit of fever, through the often lethal and fast-propagating tuberculosis and e.choli, are becoming resistant to antibiotic treatment. And while many bacterial infections will simply run their course, causing considerable but temporary suffering, others will kill their hosts, or develop a symbiotic relationship, making the human host a perpetual propagator of lethal disease. Here’s the shocking fact: We are the ones creating these super bacteria. While evolution plays a role, we are helping it to strengthen mankind’s number one living enemy. The evolutionary part is simply that some bacteria do survive antibiotic treatment and its drug-resistant genetic material gets passed on to other bacteria. It is precisely because of this that health authorities in developed countries urge us to consume all the pills in a prescription: While we may feel better after a few pills have killed most sieging bacteria, the few that are left behind due to an incomplete...
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...Proposition: Reducing the Use of Antibiotics Antibiotics are created using natural substances which bacteria secrete to kill other bacteria when forced to compete for limited nutrients. The first antibiotic, Penicillin, was discovered in the 1928 by Alexander Fleming and began being mass produced by the 1940’s. Within the same decade, resistant strains of bacteria began to appear. (1) Since then, 18 dangerous drug-resistant superbugs have been discovered (according to the CDC). A bacterium is referred to as a ‘superbug’ if it carries several resistant genes within its DNA. (2) Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics primarily through two ways: by mutation or by horizontal gene transfer, in which bacteria share resistant genes with other bacteria essentially swapping out portions of their DNA for mutated sections. Antibiotics kill bacteria by binding to the cells protein so that the protein cannot function properly, hindering the bacteria from growing and reproducing. If the bacteria contains mutated portions of DNA, the antibiotic cannot bind to the altered protein and the bacteria won’t be affected. Due to natural selection, the bacteria that survived, the mutated bacteria, will be left to grow and reproduce and all that will remain will be the antibiotic resistant bacteria. (1) There continues to be an increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria due to a variety of reasons, mainly the over-prescription of antibiotics, the misuse of antibiotics (such as not taking...
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...that could resist the antibiotic, thus posing a renewed threat to the world’s population. Ever since the establishment of antibiotics, new “superbugs” have appeared that for years have challenged scientists to keep up with specialized medications to defeat and prevent these intrusive foes. Although most scientists have been effective in their research, newer, and stronger strains of super bacteria continue to appear. Many experts have concluded that the misuse of antibiotics is the main factor for the growth of this naturally occurring phenomenon. Due to incorrect prescriptions, poor drug quality and supply, and user non-compliance, antibiotic resistant bacteria have grown significantly in numbers, and now pose as a major threat to the global population. As humans, we tend to put our trust and our entire lives at the hands of our medical experts. Healthcare is one of the most expensive services in this country, so why should someone have to worry about contracting a superbug infection? Presently, there are many types of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but the six most common make up the acronym ESKAPE: which are Staphylococcus Aureus, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Acinetobacter Baunnannii, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, and Enterobacter (Watson 10). The fact that there are so many complex strains of resistant bacteria helps to understand how prescribing treatment may be difficult. In the past, doctors often mistakenly prescribed antibiotics for infections caused...
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...are a moral view of things. Business ethics are a form of professional or applied ethics. These ethics examines ethical principles and ethical or moral problems that may arise in the business world. All aspects of businesses are affected including individuals and organizations. With the growth in industrial population, the rise of consumerism and popular reaction to large numbers of scandals and corruption, there has been a change in perception and attitude. The United States passed the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in 1977 forbidding the United States companies from giving bribes to high level government officials of other countries. Many business people did not like the act; they felt it was unfair because foreign countries continued to use bribes while the United States companies could not. German companies were allowed to use their bribes as tax deductible expensive until 1998. They felt the foreign countries would have an advantage of the United States companies. The United States government used what pressure it could to encourage other countries to adapt the same type of law. After 20 years, many other countries agreed. By the 1980’s , many companies started using ethical structures by developing code of ethics, providing ethics training for employees, monitoring and detecting improper activities, sharing its best businesses practices and being accountable to the public. The United Nations has developed a voluntary Global Compact for Corporations which contains 9 guiding...
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...Antimicrobial Resistant Infections An antimicrobial resistant infection has been around for quite some time now and it has become one of the most challenging eras of the 21st century. A mixture of antibiotics and other similar drugs have been used as antimicrobial agents to treat people with infectious diseases. In their time, they worked fascinating. These drugs helped reduce illnesses and deaths caused by diseases. However, the extensive use of these drugs has become abroad that unfortunately, the infectious microbes that the antibiotic must target have become adapted to them, making them resistant to the drug. Therefore, antimicrobial resistant infections have risen drastically throughout the years around the world. The reason for this...
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...a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics generally used to treat normal staph infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was first discovered in 1961. Today In present time MRSA has turned out to be a dangerous health problem, Bacteria are always altering because of genetic reasons and the continustened change. Therefore, because of the change numerous bacteria begin to increase the resistant to a specific antibiotic. As soon as the less resistant and weaker bacteria come into contect with that identical antibiotic, and so they stop living. However, the resistant and more stronger bacteria remain before they disappear. If these more tougher and stronger bacteria happen to live then they can duplicate. The newly Once more the dublicated bacteria hold the same to the antibiotic and extra variations diffrenceces in their genetic influence refer that a large number of these off-spring bacteria will be even morestronger and tougher. As time goes on, the frequently change of bacteria genetics and the population favoring of one form of a medication over another has indicated to the more thougher and stronger types of Staphylococcus aurous. But normally these though forms are only stronger of one or two antibiotics; nevertheless, MRSA is frequently indicated to as the “superbug” because it can be thouhger to even more antibiotics. ("What Is Mrsa? Why Is Mrsa A Concern? How Is Mrsa Treated?” 2012). INFECTIOUS...
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...PERCEPTION ON LATEST HEMATINIC (FERROUS ASCORBATE+ FOLIC ACID)- PROJECT 2 submitted to SIES COLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, NERUL NAVI MUMBAI is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Mrs.SUMANA BOSE, Faculty Member,and Dr. Suhas Tambe ,HOD. this project work has not performed the basis for the award of any Degree or diploma/ associate ship/fellowship and similar project if any. GAYATRI PAWAR ABSTRACT The main goal of the report was to investigate about the PRE-PROBIOTICS molecule, its market perception, prescription pattern and the most prescribed and selling brands in Navi Mumbai. This report begins by examining the current prescription rates of Pre-Probiotics in areas from Thane to Turbhe. There is an in-depth survey of statistics which reveals the fact that the Pre-probiotics are prescribed frequently by physicians and is the need of the changing lifestyle of people. The...
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...* What is medicalisation? and why is professional and public concern about medicalisation on the increase? (Conrad 2005)? Professional concern as power is more and more being handed over to consumers. Public concern-loss of power to deal with day to day problems. Medicalization can be defined as the way in which human problems become defined and treated as medical problems (Sadler, Jotterand et al. 2009). Medicalization is often viewed as a ‘bad’ thing, however Peter Conrad argues that it is a neutral term (Parens 2011). However today the term medicalization is usually used in criticism of medicalization, perhaps over-medicalization would be more appropriate, and the term medicalization kept neutral, simply humans problems being treated as medical ones, whether beneficial or not. In the early days of the examination of medicalization it became clear that some of the main powers driving and facilitating this phenomenon were medical professionals and pharmaceutical companies. The power and authority of the medical professionals was an important force of medicalization (Conrad 2005). Their influence can be seen in the treatment of menopause, childbirth and child abuse (Conrad 2005). Writings by Ivan Illich, Michelle Foucault and R.D Laing raised awareness and concern about medical concepts, procedures and power; they highlighted medicalization as a bad thing for our society and suggested that a change was needed in order to regain power in regards to our lives and human...
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...industry is the second highest-growth industry after consumer electronics. In 2009, the value of the U.S. market for pet care was estimated at $46 billion. This is expected to increase to $56.5 billion by the end of 2014, for a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.2%. See the table below for a breakdown of the segments, within the pet care market, which would be of interest to a pharmacy setting. When looking at the table, notice the percent change in CAGR for the Other Pet Supplies. This change is phenomenal and mainly due to the increased usage of OTC medications. Human OTC medications that are approved for usage by companion animals are Imodium, Pepto-Bismol (use in dogs only), Benadryl, Aspirin (use in dogs only), Dramamine, Tagamet, Pecid-AC, Zantac, Hydrocortisone, Gas-X, Glucosamine, antibiotic ointments, antibacterial soap, hydrogen peroxide, and saline nasal sprays. Veterinary OTC medications include the best-selling and most popular flea and tick preparations (Frontline, Advantage, Bio Spot) and pet health supplements. Under the segment of Veterinary Care is where compounding can be found. In 2010, veterinary compounded product sales reached $300 million. Demographics of pet owners According to the 2011-2012 American Pet Products Association (APPA) National Pet Owners Survey, 62% of U.S. households own at least one pet, this equates to 72.9 million homes with pets. Of these households, 36% have only one pet, 25% have two, 13% have three, 7% have four...
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...Throughout history, society has developed and grown through advances in technology. These have proved both advantageous and detrimental to society as a whole. Technology has helped connect the world and help make everybody happier. However, at what cost? When does technology cease to be beneficial and begin its destruction? Technology has led to the illusion of multitasking, the chronic and widespread abuse of prescription drugs, and the downfall of society as a whole through virtual realities. The article “Why the modern world is bad for your brain”, by Daniel J Levitin shines light on many of the societal norms in Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. “Multitasking has been found to increase the production of the stress hormone cortisol as well as the fight-or-flight hormone adrenaline, which can...
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...Gastric ulcers can also form when there is a unevenness between the digestive juices used by the stomach to break down food. The main digestive juices, hydrochloric acid and pepsin, are very potent substances that are essential for breaking down food, which the body uses for energy. These acids are always present in the stomach in small amounts, except at meal times. About 25 million people in the United States have had a gastric ulcer during their lifetime. At least 90% of these cases are caused by H. pylori. Gastric ulcers are less common with only 85,000 cases diagnosed each year. The patients who suffer from gastric ulcers are between the ages of 55 and 65. Men are more prone to ulcers, but there has been a steady rise of women being diagnosed each year. Because the ulcer is caused primarily by the H. pylori bacteria, those living in underdeveloped countries and those with low socioeconomic status are more likely to develop ulcers. H. pylori is believed to be transmitted through oral to oral contact, so those living in crowed areas are also more likely to become diseased. Data shows that about 75 percent of ulcer patients are still treated mainly with antisecretory medications, and only 5 percent receive antibiotic therapy. Consumer research...
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...preventable deaths due to medical treatments outside of hospitals (Vantage Professional Education, 2009). Background Medical malpractice is professional negligence that can cause injury which may result in death, substantial economic damages to the patient. Most cases of medical malpractice involve inaccurate diagnosis or misdiagnosis. There has been various and unfolding problems occurring in the United States domestic healthcare for many years. The most grave problem experienced in the healthcare industry is the suborn increase of medical errors in the healthcare industry. Some of the most serious incidents observed in medical errors include: misread handwritten prescriptions. Wrongly prescribed medication and improper dosages administered to patients during hospitalization, and pamphlets accompanied by prescription drugs that are too complicated for some patients to understand, hence, this contributes to improper dosages...
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...the first companies to invest in Pharmaceutical research by hiring an actual pharmaceutical chemist. In the 1920’s Lilly collaborated on a research effort to purify and isolate insulin for the treatment of diabetes, a fatal disease at that time. This effort resulted in the world’s first commercially available insulin product in 1923. In the 1940’s Lilly was among the first companies to develop a method for mass production of penicillin. In the 1950’s Lilly began to expand in to the world market and began to experiment with different business portfolio strategies. Lilly also launched two powerful antibiotics during this year for patients that did not benefit from or were allergic to penicillin. In 1960 Lilly launched the first in a line oral and injectable antibiotics in the cephalosporin family and two anti cancer drugs. In 1970 Lilly launched the world’s top selling antibiotic, Ceclor. They also began to diversify their portfolio with the purchase of Elizabeth Arden in 1971 and IVAC in 1977. In 1982 Lilly pioneered and introduced the first genetically engineered drug. Lilly also launched a new drug for the treatment of clinical depression in the 1980’s. Prozac became their top seller and accounted for almost 30 percent of the company sales. In the 1990’s Lilly also introduced a stream of innovative products, but began to be affected by the changes in health care management. In an attempt to combat these changes and the development of Pharmaceutical Benefits Management...
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