...CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Concepts, Opinions, Ideas From Authors/ Experts Investment Investment is time, energy, or matter spent in the hope of future benefits actualized within a specified date or time frame. Investment has different meanings in economics and finance. In economics, investment is the accumulation of newly produced physical entities, such as factories, machinery, houses, and goods inventories. The word "investment" has become muddled with overuse. Referring to a stock or a bond as an investment is still in regular use, but now people make "investments" in their education, their cars and even their flat screen TVs. In this article, we will look at the three basic types of investment as well as some of the things that are definitely not investments - no matter what the commercial says (en.wikipedia.org). In simple terms, Investment refers to purchase of financial assets. While Investment Goods are those goods, which are used for further production. Investment implies the production of new capital goods, plants and equipments. Refers investment as real investment and not financial investment (John Keynes). Investment is a conscious act of an individual or any entity that involves deployment of money (cash) in securities or assets issued by any financial institution with a view to obtain the target returns over a specified period of time. Types of investment There are three types of investment: 1. Ownership investment 2. Lending investment...
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...Introduction Many organizations across all countries have recognized training as strategic priority and it is great tool to give an organization a competitive advantage. Trainings are divided into two broad types; there are on-the-job trainings and the off-job trainings. Off-job training takes place outside worksite and there are varieties of techniques and that includes conferences, simulations, discussions, case studies, and laboratory trainings…etc. However, these programs are very costly. On-the-job training, on the other hand, is given at workplace as the name implies; employees are trained how to do the job assigned while at work. It is the oldest form of training prior to the advance of off-site trainings and still the predominant form in the United States. OJT can save money, and employees are immediately productive in their job role, building in the same time, a solid working relationship. Nonetheless, there are some disadvantages of it is that sometimes bad habits from the trainer could be passed and production might be decreased to get the trainee up to speed. Also some of OJT are done on ad-hoc manner with no formal procedure or content, and during the process, no specific goals or objectives are specified or developed. Not to mention trainers; those usually have no formal or training experience on training. That is what we can call informal on-the-job training. Lynch (1991) supported that a formal or structured OJT approach is more specific to achieve the firm’s...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the study Ghana’s experience with macro-stabilization and structural adjustment appears to be in line with that of many other developing countries that have pursued similar policies. Their experience reveals that such programs do not lead automatically to the resumption of growth, let alone ensure the transition onto a higher growth path. The recent experience of transition economies has shown that price stabilization and opening up may not be enough to achieve a rise in the trend rates of investment and growth. Recognizing this evidence, policy emphasis has shifted to pinpointing complementary policies that will lead an economy from stabilization to growth. The policy debate today focuses on reforms. Ghana immediately after independence made tremendous effort towards achieving full employment and socio economic development through public investment in medium and large scale enterprises. Notwithstanding the direct involvement and the effort of the government, the sector is saddled with a lot of constraints, including scarce capital, intensive technology, foreign exchange constraints, poor management, corruption and inadequate attention to economic viability and market prospects which has resulted in poor performance of the industries in terms of output and employment (Steel & Webster, 1992). Following an economic recession in the 1980’s which resulted in the retrenchment of workers from the civil service, the rationalization...
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...CHALLENGES FACING UNIVERSITY TRAINED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA. BY BETT BARNABAS EDU/PGT/09/07 A PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION (BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING OPTION) DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION SCHOOL OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF ELDORET APRIL, 2014 DECLARATION DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE This proposal is my original work and has not been presented for any award in any other university. No part of this work may be submitted without my permission. NAME: BETT BARNABAS……………………………. REGN.NO:.…EDU/PGT/09/07……………………….. SIGNATURE:………………………. DECLARATION BY SUPERVISORS This proposal has been submitted for examination with our approval as university supervisors. NAME: Dr. KYALO……………………….. SIGNATURE:…………………. DATE:…………………………. NAME:…DR. DIMO……………………… SIGNATURE:…………………… DATE:……………………………. DEDICATION. It is my pleasure to dedicate this work to my family whose efforts have made me proud, with all the stresses through the course work and writing of this proposal they have been on my side. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to determine the challenges facing university trained structural engineers...
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...your own standards. Creating jobs for the community and putting resources back in the community served. Leaving a legacy for the next generation and giving young people an opportunity to learn a new skill and concepts. · What concerns you about being an entrepreneur? The concerns revolve around not having the resources to continue running the business. The product or service rendered is no longer needed and not having the technology to advance. The business failing because of bad decisions that were made. 1. The global economic crisis has negatively impacted many entrepreneurs. Those who began their businesses during better times have found themselves in severe financial trouble. However, the downfall in the global economy has also presented a new opportunity like never before for individuals to become entrepreneurs. Although many businesses have failed as a result of the economic crisis, it has proven to be fertile ground for many. I believe the global economic crisis has forced many people to look at their own skills and talents as a viable means of supporting themselves and their families. The worsening economic crisis has...
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...Drive our growth. Inspire a generation. Show the high street how it’s done. Be part of one of the most exciting and visionary names in British Retail. Welcome to Debenhams. (Debenhams Careers,2015: Online) Type of Business Debenhams is a public limited company. The shares are traded on the stock exchange. These types of businesses are hugely varied in their characteristics and range in size from small to multinational, but they are all strongly commercial because they have to provide a return for their investors. (Martin 2014) Debenhams is an international retailer with products available either in store or online across the globe. Tracing its history back to 1778, Debenhams is headquartered in the UK and owns 200 stores in the UK, 11 in the Republic of Ireland and six in Denmark. There are a further 69 franchise stores operating in 25 countries. Debenhams products are also available online in over 60 countries. Debenhams gives its customers around the world a wide range of brands and product lines in womenswear, menswear, childrenswear, health and beauty, lingerie, accessories, gifts and home and furniture. Half of everything we sell is exclusive to Debenhams, including Designers at Debenhams which is a range of more than 20 diffusion brands from some of the UK’s leading fashion designers including Jasper Conran, Julien Macdonald, Ben de Lisi, Matthew Williamson, Star by Julien McDonald . Our own brands are complemented by some of the world’s best known international...
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...nutrition: infant formula, milk products, chocolate and confectionery, instant coffee products, frozen ready-made meals, mineral water etc. Nestle also a major producer of pet food.Nestle management provided their employees functionally with good environment, they also influences their employees various steps,like gives their employees various training and knowledge’s .For this reason these employee more motivated and ready to make much more contribution to the organization Mainly we focus this report how to maintain and what types of methods follow in training and development process. We also focus five steps. How to evaluated their employees performance appraisal. And tried to our best think,what types of training and development process should be followed for their employees increasing knowledge and skills. We are acquired more experience to research and analysis this report, that help us future job performance. We also learn various things. We collecting data and some valuable information by internet from Nestle Bangladesh Ltd. Official web-site,friend and annual report. We create these report by Microsoft office 2003. Finally,We thanked those people who are help through valuable information.Also special thanks our honorable Teacher Ayesha Bintte Saifullah for her guideline. INTRODUCTION 1.1: Background of the Report An employee might more knowledgeable and skilful by training and development program or process that maintaining an effective level job performance. So...
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...LITERATURE REVIEW ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES’ ACCESS TO CREDIT AND SUPPORT IN SOUTH AFRICA December, 2011 Literature Review on Small and Medium Enterprises’ Access to Credit and Support in South Africa Prepared for National Credit Regulator (NCR) Compiled by Underhill Corporate Solutions (UCS) Project Manager and Lead Researcher: Edmore Mahembe Contact Details: Edmore Mahembe 357 Flowers Street Capital Park, 0084 Cell: +27 (0)83 757 3733 Phone: +27 (0)12 751 3237 Fax: 086 540 7052/ 086 639 8976 E-mail: eddiem@underhillsolutions.co.za info@underhillsolutions.co.za Website: www.underhillsolutions.co.za Pretoria, South Africa December, 2011 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research team wishes to acknowledge the co-operation of the following organisations and individuals that helped attain the goals of the evaluation. 1. National Credit Regulator (NCR) for the opportunity afforded to Underhill Corporate Solutions (the research consultants) to conduct this study “Literature Review on Small and Medium Enterprises’ Access to Credit And Support in South Africa”. 2. Client project managers: Thandile Gubevu and Darrell Beghin, for facilitating the overall project exercise and the useful comments on the draft report that helped shape the format of the final report. 3. NCR board members; for useful and valuable comments on the draft report that helped in the development of detailed and well informed recommendations. 4. Finally, special appreciation to key research team members, namely;...
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...Sample Marketing Plan This is a sample marketing plan for a small business, Canterbury Renovations. It’s a guide to how you can prepare a marketing plan for your business. Your plan may require more or less information than this sample marketing plan. As you work through the plan, conduct the appropriate research and planning for your business to ensure your plan results in effective marketing. 1.1 Mission Statement The core activity of Canterbury Renovations will be the renovation of kitchens, bathrooms and laundries. The business will provide a complete service, including free designs and quotes, supply and installation of equipment and fittings, all associated building services, after sales maintenance and a seven-year guarantee covering workmanship. 2.0 Current Market Position It’s important to understand the current position for your business before deciding on how to market it further. Marketing analysis and research (done in later sections of your plan) form the basis for identifying your current position. External and internal business factors need to be considered and planned for. Example Canterbury Renovations is a new business and has no existing clients, projects or history to account for. However, the proprietors are experienced in the industry and have the financial capacity to conduct business successfully. 2.1 Product Although it seems obvious, it’s important to identify your products and services...
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...*RETHINKING THE INFORMAL ECONOMY IN *THE * *NEO-LIBERALIST PHASE TABLE OF CONTENTS *RETHINKING THE INFORMAL *ECONOMY IN THE * *NEO-LIBERALIST PHASE Introduction : The labour markets in developing countries is markedly different from that in the developed countries. The most striking feature of labour markets in the developing countries is its non-homogeneous character. The status of the vast majority of workers in the developed countries is of wage and salary earners. Whereas in the developing countries there is a predominance of self-employment. This non-homogeneous character of labour markets in developing countries also implies that the nature of employment and the manner in which it is created is different in the two world’s. In the developing countries the vast majority of the population is left to fend for itself and create employment out of its own ingenuity, skills and capital. This leads to vast differences in the nature of employment and the creation of dualistic structure of ‘formal’and ‘informal’ components of the labour market. A large proportion of the workforce is in the unorganised or informal sector. These workers are engaged in economic activities with lower productivity resulting in lower incomes. They are also engaged in activities with less stable employment contracts (including the self-employed) and fewer social security benefits. While the wages and salaries of the formal sector workers are periodically revised to counter inflation...
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...High Performance Working in the Energy Sector: A Comparison of Firmus Energy and Pilot Drilling Control. Firmus Energy The facts No of employees: 58 employees with approximately 100 contractors employed by period contractor McNicholas Overview: Firmus energy is a subsidiary of the gas company BGE based in Eire. The company was set up in 2005 to develop a new gas network in 10 towns and cities across Northern Ireland and supply natural gas to customers. The company also supplies gas to industrial and commercial customers in the competitive Greater Belfast gas market and was awarded a licence to supply electricity in Northern Ireland in January 2009. The company is growing and currently has 58 employees described as ‘a small set of highly skilled performers’. All are based in one building. Period contractor McNicholas is responsible for building the gas distribution network, with approximately 100 staff working on the contract. Despite its youth as an organisation, Firmus energy was awarded Investor in People status in 2008 and was shortlisted as Northern Ireland Responsible Company of the Year in 2009. Key themes • Recruitment on the basis of alignment with values rather than previous expertise. • A holistic approach based on a commitment to listening and responding to customers and employees. • Emphasis on taking personal responsibility for development, within a supportive environment. • Use of balanced business scorecard to ensure a ‘joined up’ approach to measuring...
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...They also add new machineries to increase their production line. They have a mission and the vision is profit maximization. The merchandising philosophy of Redimet garments is to keep good relation with their buyers. The garments Industry maintains a good relationship with every buyer. Hard working and commitment maintenance is their main strategy. They always try to satisfy their buyers. In this perspective the merchandiser always try to do their merchandising activities in due time. The merchandiser of this company is not very much skilled person. More over him has no assistant. For this reason Sometimes the company face problem. So, here Redimet garments can recruit high skilled people with giving high salary. The Redimet garments should improve their product quality, packing system, internal environment, and other merchandising activities to satisfy their foreign buyers. This report is prepared on “Merchandising activities and buyer satisfaction of Redimet garments. The OCP report helps the reader to know about the merchandising activities, practiced in Redimet garments And the buyer satisfaction level towards the merchandiser. 1.1 Introduction: The tremendous success of readymade garment exports from Bangladesh over the last two decades has...
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...AQA AS Business Studies Unit1 (BUSS1) Course Companion AQA AS Business Studies Unit 1 (BUSS1) Course Companion Publishers Information AQA AS Business Studies Unit 1 Course Companion 1st Edition August 2008 Author: Jim Riley © Tutor2u Limited All Rights Reserved No part of this material may be reproduced in whole or in part without the express written permission of Tutor2u Limited. This publication is not endorsed or approved by AQA. Tutor2u Limited Boston House 214 High Street Boston Spa LS23 6AD Please contact jimriley@tutor2u.net with details of any errors, omissions or suggestions for future editions. © Tutor2u Limited All Rights Reserved www.tutor2u.net AQA AS Business Studies Unit 1 (BUSS1) Course Companion Contents Introduction to AQA AS Business Unit 1 .....................................................................6 Section 1: Starting a Business ......................................................................................7 Enterprise and Entrepreneurs .......................................................................................8 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Entrepreneurs ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Motives for starting a business ................................................................
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...▼How to Get Rich ◄ 2 ► ▼How to Get Rich Contents Title Page Dedication Introduction Five Billion Reasons Why You Should Read This Book PART I The Donald J. Trump School of Business and Management PART II Your Personal Apprenticeship (Career Advice from The Donald) PART III Money, Money, Money, Money PART IV The Secrets of Negotiation PART V The Trump Lifestyle ◄ 3 ► ▼How to Get Rich PART VI Inside The Apprentice Acknowledgments Appendix Behind the Scenes at the Trump Organization About the Author Also by Donald J. Trump Copyright ◄ 4 ► ▼How to Get Rich To my parents, Mary and Fred Trump ◄ 5 ► ▼How to Get Rich The Mother of All Advice Trust in God and be true to yourself. —Mary Trump, my mother When I look back, that was great advice, concise and wise at once. I didn’t really get it at first, but because it sounded good, I stuck to it. Later I realized how comprehensive this is—how to keep your bases covered while thinking about the big picture. It’s good advice no matter what your business or lifestyle. —DJT ◄ 6 ► ▼How to Get Rich TRUMP How to Get Rich ◄ 7 ► ▼How to Get Rich Introduction Five Billion Reasons Why You Should Read This Book A lot has happened to us all since 1987. That’s the year The Art of the Deal was published and became the bestselling business book of the decade, with over three million copies in print. (Business Rule #1: If you don’t tell people about your success, they probably won’t know...
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...▼How to Get Rich ◄ 2 ► ▼How to Get Rich Contents Title Page Dedication Introduction Five Billion Reasons Why You Should Read This Book PART I The Donald J. Trump School of Business and Management PART II Your Personal Apprenticeship (Career Advice from The Donald) PART III Money, Money, Money, Money PART IV The Secrets of Negotiation PART V The Trump Lifestyle ◄ 3 ► ▼How to Get Rich PART VI Inside The Apprentice Acknowledgments Appendix Behind the Scenes at the Trump Organization About the Author Also by Donald J. Trump Copyright ◄ 4 ► ▼How to Get Rich To my parents, Mary and Fred Trump ◄ 5 ► ▼How to Get Rich The Mother of All Advice Trust in God and be true to yourself. —Mary Trump, my mother When I look back, that was great advice, concise and wise at once. I didn’t really get it at first, but because it sounded good, I stuck to it. Later I realized how comprehensive this is—how to keep your bases covered while thinking about the big picture. It’s good advice no matter what your business or lifestyle. —DJT ◄ 6 ► ▼How to Get Rich TRUMP How to Get Rich ◄ 7 ► ▼How to Get Rich Introduction Five Billion Reasons Why You Should Read This Book A lot has happened to us all since 1987. That’s the year The Art of the Deal was published and became the bestselling business book of the decade, with over three million copies in print. (Business Rule #1: If you don’t tell people about your success...
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