...The Giver by Lois Lowry 1 It was almost December, and Jonas was beginning to be frightened. No. Wrong word, Jonas thought. Frightened meant that deep, sickening feeling of something terrible about to happen. Frightened was the way he had felt a year ago when an unidentified aircraft had overflown the community twice. He had seen it both times. Squinting toward the sky, he had seen the sleek jet, almost a blur at its high speed, go past, and a second later heard the blast of sound that followed. Then one more time, a moment later, from the opposite direction, the same plane. At first, he had been only fascinated. He had never seen aircraft so close, for it was against the rules for Pilots to fly over the community. Occasionally, when supplies were delivered by cargo planes to the landing field across the river, the children rode their bicycles to the riverbank and watched, intrigued, the unloading and then the takeoff directed to the west, always away from the community. 第 1 页 共 102 页 http://www.en8848.com.cn/ 原版英语阅读网 But the aircraft a year ago had been different. It was not a squat, fat-bellied cargo plane but a needle-nosed single-pilot jet. Jonas, looking around anxiously, had seen others- adults as well as children- stop what they were doing and wait, confused, for an explanation of the frightening event. Then all of the citizens had been ordered to go into the nearest building and stay there. IMMEDIATELY, the rasping voice through the speakers had said. LEAVE YOUR BICYCLES...
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...Tension, conflict, division. The Cold War had many of these attributes and sometimes on a large scale. It’s no surprise then that there are traces of minor conflicts that occurred within the United States. Each of the sources “Why I Quit Working”, “A Purpose for Modern Woman”, and “The Army-McCarthy Hearing” display some form of clash. In “The Army-McCarthy Hearing” we see the bigger fight against communism that the Cold War was famous for and in “Why I Quit Working” and “A Purpose for Modern Women” we see the lesser-known struggle that women faced when they had to decide to work, or to stay at home and take care of their children. One of the biggest conflicts that the United States was involved in after World War II was the Cold War and the fight against communism. No source shows that conflict better than “The Army-McCarthy Hearing”. Joseph McCarthy, was a Senator who quickly became famous for his crusade against communism and his ruthless interrogations. The pinnacle of his political career was during the Army-McCarthy Hearing. The climax of the hearing was the famous statement by army lawyer Mr. Welch who exclaimed “Let us not assassinate this lad further, Senator. You have done enough. Have you no sense of decency sir, at long last? Have...
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...what help make up our personality. Sometimes our habits are how some people perceive us and maybe even the way they treat us. We will look into how these habits can perceive us and how we can use them or not use them. When analyzing one of our habits it would be a bad one because we have a tendency to bite our nails. Nail biting started for us when we were little, why it started could not tell anyone why or how. Looking back we do not remember ever having a role model except maybe other little children that did the same thing. Do remember our mother telling us to stop biting our nails that is was bad. Now that we are older we have stopped biting our nails in some ways, the only time we bit our nails now is when we are stressed. We guess we started biting our nails again when we decided to quit smoking, which is another bad habit we picked up along the way. We started smoking and quit biting our nails when our father pasted away and we had to step up to the plate and take care of our mother at eighteen years old. It is kind of like we traded one bad habit for another bad habit. So we quit one bad habit and started back up on the other bad habit. We can quit the bad habit of nail baiting as long as we put our minds to it. We continue our nail biting because we get stressed out or we get worried about things that are happening. There are times when we do...
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...build a winter camp at Valley Forge just 18 miles from Philadelphia in order to keep a close watch on the British. Through this very gruesome winter they lacked food, proper shelter, and other bare necessities. Many men were disheartened by the conditions of Valley Forge and many soldiers’ terms were coming to an end, the demand for soldiers could not have been higher. The question for most of the soldiers was, “Should I quit and leave the Continental Army?” or...
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...to break the habit will be analyzed. The behavioral personality theory will be used to explain why I have this habit. I will describe components of social and cognitive theory and explain why the habit formed. I will develop a plan that applies operant conditioning to change the habit. In conclusion, I will discuss which theory best explains my personality. According to make-or-break-habits.com, habits are routine behaviors done on a regular basis. They are recurrent and often unconscious patterns of behavior and are acquired through frequent repetition. Many of these are unconscious as we don’t even realize we are doing them. Personally, I have a smoking habit. I believe that I picked this habit by watching both of my Parents, my Grand Parents, and most of my Aunts and Uncles smoke. Some would consider smoking and addiction. In my opinion, a habit can also be an addiction. Some believe the term addiction should be reserved for describing a physical dependency on chemical substances such as alcohol and drugs. Other addictions include a range of compulsive behaviors such as gambling, eating, shopping, playing video games, work and internet usage. This type of addiction is typically described as ‘psychological addiction,’ a state that can also accompany physical addictions. Neuroscientists explain that people continue to smoke because they are too addicted to halt. This is why TV ads promote various pharmaceuticals to enable the truly...
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...The rhetorical situation Rhetorical problem: The rates of cigarette smoking among high school students in America are higher than those of adults. Teens are easy targets for the tobacco industry. Having cancer may not seem like real concerns, teens don’t think much about future health outcomes. Purpose: The purpose is to engage and convince high school students to stop smoking. A change in the young peoples attitude and action could help them minimize their chance of getting cancer. Audience: The audience is a group of young people, 17-18 years old, from an American high school class. The speaker: I am a young representative of “American Cancer Society”. Recently done a “stop smoking” campaign. They know who I am because they asked me to come so they must acknowledge my competences. Circumstances: The setting is in a classroom in an American high school – around 35 people present. There will be used a PowerPoint show to visualize the main points and capture the young audience’s attention. Language: The speech is in an informative tone (direct) because of the young audience. The main speech act is the expressive speech act and the main appeal form is pathos because of the purpose to engage them. Structure Introduction: I am an expressive speaker and I will introduce my education, campaign and experience (ethos). Acknowledge the fact that they asked me to come (expressives), thank them and underline the importance of them focusing on this topic for their own...
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...England, 29 – 30 September 2008 Where we are now Good Works and So Do the 4Ps. Sharing Success Stories from the U.S. Nancy Lee University of Washington, Seattle, USA and Social Marketing Services, Inc., USA & So Do The 4Ps ! Washington Washington State State #1 !! #1 WASHINGTON STATE #1 FOUR SUCCESS STORIES 1. 2. 3. 4. Tobacco Cessation Pedestrian Safety HIV/AIDS Testing Litter Prevention FOR EACH STORY Target Audience Behavior Objective Guiding Theory 4Ps Results & ROI TOBACCO CESSATION Situation: Washington State Year 2000: 1 million adult users $1800 taxpayer cost per smoker/per year Target Audience: 70% wanting to quit Behavior: Call the Quit Line Theory: Stages of Change PRODUCT PRICE PLACE PROMOTION Quit counselor Quit plan Quit kit Quit resources PRODUCT PRICE PLACE PROMOTION •Toll Free Number •Free Counselor •Free Quit Plan Kit •Online Calculator PRODUCT PRICE PLACE PROMOTION PHONE 7 days a week 5am – 9pm Message 24/7 WEB SITE Worksheet “Click to Call” button PRODUCT PRICE PLACE PROMOTION Messages Encouraging Understanding Assuring PRODUCT PRICE PLACE PROMOTION Media Channels Television Outdoor Posters Brochures Wallet cards Bar coasters Workplace activities Fax from physician Publicity RESULTS & ROI Seven years later– 100,000th call 13% of callers quit State cost per quit: $830 State savings per quit: $1800/year 235,000 fewer smokers in...
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...Stephen Sung 4/26/2011 Speech 100 JC Commemorative Speech Outline Joe, a Friend, an Inspiration, a Hero. Introduction Have you ever done something out of peer pressure from a friend or family member? My friend Joe has. In his case, that something was cigarettes. “According to the American Lung Association, as of 2007 20% of high school students and over forty-six million adults (18+) were current smokers” (Lung). Joe started smoking when he was 14 years old because all of his friends were doing it. He has battled with this addiction for most of his adult life. So, why is he a hero? For starters I am a current smoker and have been smoking for the better part of eight years. Most importantly, he is an inspiration because he is the only I person I know who has successfully quit smoking. Even though we've been friends for a long time, I had never thought to ask him about why he started and how he was finally able to free himself from his nicotine addiction. Body (Preview): It started the summer of 1999, the summer before our freshman year of high school. Joe began smoking cigarettes when he was fourteen years old. A) He was peer pressured into smoking his first cigarette by our mutual friends. 1) He felt that if he turned down the cigarette, he would be ostracized from that group of friends and forced to go through his high school years as a loser. 2) He figured that if had to resort to smoking to survive high school then so be it. B) Through...
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...whole water jug with just campus smoke buds and in just 2 hours. It really made me think about how many smoke buds I see. Not only on school campus or at home but on the streets as well. They’re so common its like people don’t even pay attention and it’s sad. The speakers also talked about the death rates and the risks that could come with smoking, such as lung cancer and throat cancer. This was something I was all too familiar with, but something they did do that also made me kind of think was talk about the help we can offer to those who smoke. They gave away quit smoking packs that had gum, notes and reading material. They explained how some people who can’t quit for themselves sometimes quit for others they love. It really made me think back to my dad. He knew how much I hated the smell of cigarettes and how id always break them in half when I saw them In his car. He tried to quit a few times and finally did a few years back. When I was old enough to ask why he quit he explained how he saw the way it affected his kids and it made him think about his dad and the toll it took on him. Maybe if he weren’t a smoker he would’ve still been here to enjoy his grandkids and great grandkids. He also joking said it was more expensive than being an...
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...Behavioral and Social Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits A habit is a settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give up (Duhigg, 2012). Many people will have one habit or another. Attempting to turn around a negative behavior can be difficult. If you have not experienced the quit I will use the Behavioral Personality Theory to show how a person can be convinced to start smoking, the social cognitive to show how a person’s society and environment can play a huge role in a person getting started on smoking. Then I will use Operant and Classical conditioning to set up a plan to help someone to quit smoking. Analyze Habit The worst habit for me is smoking cigarettes. The role models for the habit were commercials on television all the time like the Marlboro man and how smooth the cigarettes tasted. Why do you continue this habit? I continue because it is a habit and the dopamine in the brain is lessened when quitting causing withdraws and that for some reason causes me to return to the habit. There have been many attempts to quit. The latest attempt I quit for four months. Behavioral Personality Theory The behavioral theory says that a personality is a result of interaction between a person and their environment (Ajzen, 2005). The behavioral theory is interested in how someone can change habits. By using positive and negative reinforcements changes many behaviors (Ajzen, 2005). When they examine their behavior they can understand through...
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...interoffice memorandum to: | Richey Richman, CEO | from: | Elementary division manager | subject: | employee’s claim of constructive discharge | date: | June 10, 2013 | | | Constructive discharge is when an employee feels he or she has been forced to resign or quit their job because the employer has made their working conditions intolerable to a point that any reasonable person would have also resign or quit. The employee does not have to explain why they were forced to quit or resign. In cases where religion is sited, he or she may think, or feel, they must quit or resign because of a conflict with their religious beliefs, and being able to perform their job to managements expected levels. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, volume 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a) (1); states in pertinent part: (a) Employer practices It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer - (1) to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; or This section of the US code prohibits discrimination against a person based on their religious beliefs and/or convictions. Also, Title VII requires an employer to provide reasonable accommodation for an employee's religious practices and observances, unless doing so would cause an undue hardship to the employer....
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...Tang Ka Man 15072501D Helping My Father to Quit Smoking in Psychological Ways My father has been a smoker for a very long time. He started smoking since he was at college age. My family used to blame him for having this harmful habit while my father always find it difficult to quit smoking. We have put a lot of efforts to help him to be out of this dangerous hell, yet all we have done is futile. After attending psychology lessons, I could suggest some reasons on that from a psychological perspective. To figure out the most suitable methods to help my father quit smoking, it is essentially important to know the reasons why he was addicted to smoking. Nicotine is a drug found naturally in tobacco, which is as addictive as heroin or cocaine (American Cancer Society, 2014). We can regard smoking as a kind of operant conditioning. When people have taken in even just a small amount of this chemical, they can gain pleasant feelings from it. The pleasant feeling acts as a positive reinforcer which encourages people to smoke more. When my dad tries hard to quit smoking, the distasteful feeling from the lack of nicotine, which act as a negative punishment, prohibits him to abstain from smoking. Thus, it is not surprising that a smoker always find it hard to abandon this noxious habit, even they know this obsession is detrimental. I have also discovered a interesting phenomenon about the smoking behavior of my dad. I found that my dad is used to attribute his smoking...
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...individuals and how these effects can be addressed through health promotion, using research finding from different. Smoking addressed using health risk advice Health-risk advice has been used in different ways to encourage people to stop smoking. We can ask advice from health professionals that can go to a school and inform young teens the harmful effects about smoking and the long-term effect on smoking which can decrease the quality of life in the future. Or use shock tactics to show the children what can happen if they are smoking and show the effect that it has inside and outside of the body. This can be addressed to secondary children as they are getting into the phase of trying new...
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...positive thing to quit? The Sunk Cost Fallacy is when we invest too much time or money into something which makes the goal hard to abandon. Because one does not wish to abandon the the project it creates a fallacy since while continuing to endure the goal you use even more resources. Essentially we have this idea that our failure can be rescued if we continue on. It can be a positive thing to quit because you are carrying a burden of doing something you know you are going to fail or something you do not even want to do. By quitting you open doors to better options that can make you happier. When you quit there is a potential for new experiences that you would not have known about if you would...
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...Home Page Title Page LORD OF THE FLIES Contents Page 1 of 290 Go Back Full Screen Close Quit Home Page Title Page LORD OF THE FLIES Contents a novel by WILIAM GOLDING Page 2 of 290 Go Back G LOBAL V ILLAGE C ONTEMPORARY C LASSICS Full Screen Close Quit This e-book was set with the help of KOMAScript and LaTeX Home Page Title Page Contents Page 3 of 290 Go Back Full Screen Close Quit Home Page Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The Sound of the Shell Fire on the Mountain Huts on the Beach Painted Faces and Long Hair Beast from Water Beast from Air Shadows and Tall Trees Gift for the Darkness A View to a Death 5 42 65 80 106 Title Page Contents Page 4 of 290 Go Back 134 155 177 207 Quit Full Screen Close 10 The Shell and the Glasses 11 Castle Rock 12 Cry of the Hunters 221 Home Page 242 262 Title Page Contents Page 5 of 290 Go Back Full Screen Close Quit Home Page 1 The Sound of the Shell The boy with fair hair lowered himself down the last few feet of rock and began to pick his way toward the lagoon. Though he had taken off his school sweater and trailed it now from one hand, his grey shirt stuck to him and his hair was plastered to his forehead. All round him the long scar smashed into the jungle was a bath of heat. He was clambering heavily among the creepers and broken trunks when a bird, a vision of red and yellow, flashed upwards with a witch-like...
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