...Case 34：The Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Group member: Ruiqi Ding Xiang Zhang Mengliang Chen Introduction: The decision by William Wrigley Jr. Company to do a $3 billion leveraged recapitalization through a dividend or share repurchase could create significant new value for the company. The purpose of this report is to analyze the impact this will have on the firm’s value, comment on the appropriateness of Wrigley’s debt level in the event of the proposed bond issue and make recommendations as to whether or not the firm should in fact follow through with the issue. The items of interest that will be analyzed include: the impact on share price, cost of capital, earnings per share, agency cost of debt, voting control, signaling & clientele effect and debt coverage & financial flexibility. Analysis Impact on stock price and WACC The leverage does not affect firm value and as such Wrigley should not prefer any particular capital structure. As payments made towards debt are tax deductable the issuing of debt will increase firm value by providing a tax shield. As the role of management is to maximize firm value, the amount of debt in Wrigley should be maximized. Management should also consider a safe level of debt though to prevent risks of liquidity and operating restrictions. To recapitalize with $3 billion of debt the firm will benefit from a tax shield of $1.2 billion. This will result in the market share price increasing to $61.53/share. Using Hamada’s equation...
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...ACF The William Wrigley Jr. Company Group2 Ahsan Rashid Qazi 17110206 Sardar Noman Salim 17110210 M.Hasnain Shabbir 17110210 Jahanzaib Shoukat 17110286 Primary problems: This case is about The Wm.Wrigley Jr. Company, which has to incorporate debt into its capital structure and then decide between two alternatives of whether to Repurchase Share or to pay Dividend. In the wake of introduction of new products and foreign expansion, firm has to raise capital as suggested in the case of $3 billion debt, which will influence the Wm. Wrigley Jr. ‘s outstanding shares, shall it repurchase them or pay dividend to its shareholders. It also has to see the impact of this debt on the share price, the voting control of the Wrigley company, impact on EPS. Analysis: Impact on Share Price Before taking the debt the share price of the company was $56.37 with 232.44 million shares outstanding and a market value of 13.103 billion. After taking the debt of 3 billion, the market value increase by the amount of tax shield provided by debt i.e. $1.2 billion and the share price increases to $61.53. Impact on WACC The pre-capitalization WACC is 10.90% using beta= 0.75, Rf=5.65%, Risk Premium=7% The post capitalization WACC is 10.908% using Levered Beta = 0.87, Re= 11.74%, Rd=13% Impact on Voting Control Share repurchases results in less number of shares outstanding which increases the voting power of the Wrigley Family from 47% to 51%. Impact on EPS Before Recapitalization |...
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...HERSHEY FOODS CORPORATION: BITTER TIMES IN A SWEET PLACE Teaching Note Synopsis and Objectives The proposed sale of Hershey Foods Corporation (HFC) during the summer of 2002 captured headlines and imaginations. After all, Hershey was an American icon, and when the company’s largest shareholder, the Hershey Trust Company (HSY), asked HFC management to explore a sale, the story drew national and international attention. The company’s unusual governance structure put the Hershey Trust’s board in the difficult position of making both an economic and a governance decision. On the one hand, the board faced a challenging economic decision that centered on determining whether the solicited bids provided a fair premium for HFC shareholders. On the other hand, the governance decision required the board to balance its fiduciary responsibility against the original mandate of Milton Hershey to support the Hershey School in perpetuity. The fiduciary responsibility is relatively simple compared with satisfying a broad array of constituents, including the Hershey community, HFC employees, and Pennsylvania’s attorney general. In addition to this teaching note, we provide a variety of teaching supplements to support a discussion of the complex issues presented by the case: • Video footage of the Hershey community and key players in the case • Excel spreadsheets for key case exhibits • Excel spreadsheets for key teaching-note exhibits • Projection-ready...
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...THE WM. WRIGLEY JR. COMPANY Team 14 Rado Oper November 19th, 2009 Contents Objectives 1 Management Summary 2 Active Investor Strategy 2 Effects of $3 Billion in New Debt for Dividend or Stock Repurchase 2 a. Outstanding Shares 2 b. Book Value of Equity 2 c. Price per Share 3 d. Earnings per Share 3 e. Debt Interest Coverage Rations and Financial Flexibility 3 f. Outstanding Shares 3 Wrigley’s Current Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) 3 Debt Proceeds to Pay a Dividend or Repurchase Shares 4 Wrigley’s Recapitalization 4 Should Wrigley’s directors undertake the recapitalization? 5 Appendices 6 ⦁ Objectives This report seeks to answer the following five questions about William Wrigley Jr.: ⦁ In the abstract, what is Blanka Dobrynin hoping to accomplish through her active-investor strategy? ⦁ What will be the effects of issuing $3 billion of new debt and using the proceeds either to pay a dividend or to repurchase shares on: ⦁ Wrigley’s outstanding shares? ⦁ Wrigley’s book value of equity? ⦁ The price per share of Wrigley stock? ⦁ Earnings per share? ⦁ Debt interest coverage ratios and financial flexibility? ⦁ Voting control by the Wrigley family? ⦁ What is Wrigley’s current (pre-re-capitalization) weighted-average cost of capital (WACC)? ⦁ What would you expect to happen to Wrigley’s WACC if it issued $3 billion in debt and used the proceeds to pay a dividend or to repurchase shares? ⦁ Should Blanka Dobrynin try to...
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... Text and Other Sources: E-book based on Case Studies in Finance, 6th ed., 2010, McGraw Hill, Toronto, ISBN Prerequisites Management 3412, Fundamentals of Investments Investments, Analysis & Management, 2nd Canadian Ed., 2005, Cleary & Jones, John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd., Mississauga ISBN 0-470-83542-7 Management 3460, Corporate Finance Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 6th Canadian Ed., 2007, Ross, Westerfield, Jordan, & Roberts, McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Toronto ISBN 13: 978-0-07-095910-1 A list of topics for which you should have working knowledge follows: 1. Time value of money 2. Market Efficiency 3. Valuation, risk, and return 4. Capital budgeting 5. Cost of capital 6. Pro-forma financial statements 7. Capital structure 8. Dividend policy 9. Portfolio theory 10. Foreign exchange This course is designed not only to deepen your knowledge of concepts already covered in other...
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...Overview of Chapter This chapter examines the global environment and identifies the various forces emanating from it which managers must perceive, interpret, and respond to. These forces are divided into two categories, the global task/specific and the general. The chapter also discusses the forces behind the process of globalization and the challenges that today’s open trade environment present to managers. The chapter then closes with a discussion of national culture, its impact upon organizations, and a model to be used to compare various national cultures. Learning Objectives 1. Explain why the ability to perceive, interpret, and respond appropriately to the organizational environment is crucial for managerial success. (LO1) 2. Identify the main forces in both the global task and general environments and describe the challenges that each force presents to managers. (LO2) 3. Explain why the global environment is becoming more open and competitive and identify the forces behind the process of globalization that increase the opportunities, challenges and threats, and complexities that managers face. (LO3) 4. Discuss why national cultures differ and why it is important that managers be sensitive to the effects of falling trade barriers and regional trade associations on the political and social systems of nations around the world. (LO 4) MANAGEMENT SNAPSHOT: NESTLE’S FOOD EMPIRE Nestle, a global organization, is headquartered in Vevey...
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...Mergers and Acquisitions Basics Mergers and Acquisitions Basics All You Need To Know Donald DePamphilis Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London New York • Oxford • Paris • San Diego San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Elsevier, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, UK Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge...
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...best place on the Web to prepare for a job search.” – Fortune “[Vault guides] make for excellent starting points for job hunters and should be purchased by academic libraries for their career sections [and] university career centers.” – Library Journal “The granddaddy of worker sites.” – U.S. News & World Report “A killer app.” – The New York Times One of Forbes’ 33 “Favorite Sites.” – Forbes “To get the unvarnished scoop, check out Vault.” – SmartMoney Magazine “Vault has a wealth of information about major employers and job searching strategies as well as comments from workers about their experiences at specific companies.” – The Washington Post “A key reference for those who want to know what it takes to get hired by a law firm and what to expect once they get there.” – New York Law Journal “Vault [provides] the skinny on working conditions at all kinds of companies from current and former employees.” – USA Today Customized for: Mian Badr (mian.iftikhar@studbocconi.it) Customized for: Mian Badr (mian.iftikhar@studbocconi.it) VAULT CAREER GUIDE TO MIDDLE MARKET INVESTMENT BANKING JOE BEL BRUNO AND THE STAFF OF VAULT Customized for: Mian Badr (mian.iftikhar@studbocconi.it) Customized for: Mian Badr (mian.iftikhar@studbocconi.it) Copyright © 2009 by Vault.com, Inc. All rights reserved. All information in this book is subject to change without notice. Vault makes no claims as to the accuracy and reliability of the information contained within and disclaims...
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...2/5/2012 ECONOMIC NEXUS IN WASHINGTON STATE: DEFINING SUBSTANTIAL NEXUS Armikka R. Bryant* I. INTRODUCTION This Article explores the evolving framework of nexus and examines the constitutional constraints imposed on states’ tax jurisdiction and how states overcome those limitations. In 2010, the Washington State Legislature declared that out-of-state businesses with no physical presence in Washington were earning significant income from Washington residents by providing services or collecting royalties on the use of intangible property in the state.1 The Legislature also determined that, although these out-of-state businesses did not have a physical presence in the state and were not paying their fair share of Washington State taxes, they were nonetheless receiving the following significant benefits provided by the state: • Laws providing protection of business interests or regulating consumer credit; • Access to courts and judicial process to enforce business rights, including debt collection and intellectual property rights; • An orderly and regulated marketplace; and • Police and fire protection and a transportation system benefiting in-state agents and other representatives of out-of-state businesses.2 * Armikka R. Bryant, Tax Policy Counsel, Washington State Department of Revenue; J.D., 2001, The University of Iowa; LL.M. (Taxation), 2004, The University of Washington; B.A., 1997, The University of Michigan; member of Washington State Bar. I would...
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...tools, and first principles of strategy formulation and competitive analysis. It is concerned with managerial decisions and actions that materially affect the success and survival of business enterprises. The course focuses on the information, analyses, organizational processes, skills, and business judgment managers must use to design strategies, position their businesses and assets, and define firm boundaries, to maximize long-term profits in the face of uncertainty and competition. Strategic Management (BUAD 497) is an integrative and interdisciplinary course in two important respects: 1. The course assumes a broad view of the environment that includes competitors, buyers/consumers, suppliers, technology, economics, capital markets, and government both locally and globally. It assumes that the external environment is dynamic and characterized by uncertain changes. In studying strategy, this course draws together and builds on all the ideas, concepts, and theories from your functional courses such as Accounting, Economics, Finance, Marketing, Organizational Behavior, and Statistics. However, it is much more than a mere integration of the functional specialties within a firm. 2. The course takes a general management perspective. It views the firm as a whole, and examines how policies in each functional area are integrated into an overall competitive strategy. We designed this course to develop the “general management point of view” among participants...
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...ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Y U K O A O YA M A J A M E S T. M U R P H Y SUSAN HANSON KEY CONCEPTS IN key concepts in economic geography The Key Concepts in Human Geography series is intended to provide a set of companion texts for the core fields of the discipline. To date, students and academics have been relatively poorly served with regards to detailed discussions of the key concepts that geographers use to think about and understand the world. Dictionary entries are usually terse and restricted in their depth of explanation. Student textbooks tend to provide broad overviews of particular topics or the philosophy of Human Geography, but rarely provide a detailed overview of particular concepts, their premises, development over time and empirical use. Research monographs most often focus on particular issues and a limited number of concepts at a very advanced level, so do not offer an expansive and accessible overview of the variety of concepts in use within a subdiscipline. The Key Concepts in Human Geography series seeks to fill this gap, providing detailed description and discussion of the concepts that are at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in contemporary Human Geography. Each book consists of an introductory chapter that outlines the major conceptual developments over time along with approximately twenty-five entries on the core concepts that constitute the theoretical toolkit of geographers working within a specific subdiscipline. Each entry provides...
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...Innovative Business Practices Innovative Business Practices: Prevailing a Turbulent Era Edited by Demetris Vrontis and Alkis Thrassou Innovative Business Practices: Prevailing a Turbulent Era, Edited by Demetris Vrontis and Alkis Thrassou This book first published 2013 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2013 by Demetris Vrontis and Alkis Thrassou and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-4604-X, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-4604-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Knowledge Hybridization: An Innovative Business Practices to Overcome the Limits of the Top-Down Transfers within a Multinational Corporation Hela Chebbi, Dorra Yahiaoui, Demetris Vrontis and Alkis Thrassou Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 17 Rethinking Talent Management in Organizations: Towards a Boundary-less Model Carrie Foster, Neil Moore and Peter Stokes Chapter Three .......
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...The Essays of Warren Buffett: Lessons for Corporate America Essays by Warren E. Buffett Selected, Arranged, and Introduced by Lawrence A. Cunningham Includes Previously Copyrighted Material Reprinted with Permission THE ESSAYS OF WARREN BUFFETT: LESSONS FOR CORPORATE AMERICA Essays by Warren E. Buffett Chairman and CEO Berkshire Hathaway Inc. Selected, Arranged, and Introduced by Lawrence A. Cunningham Professor of Law Director, The Samuel and Ronnie Heyman Center on Corporate Governance Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law Yeshiva University © 1997; 1998 Lawrence A. Cunningham All Rights Reserved Includes Previously Copyrighted Material Reprinted with Permission TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROLOGUE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 27 I. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. B. C. D. E. Owner-Related Business Principles................ Boards and Managers............................. The Anxieties of Plant Closings An Owner-Based Approach to Corporate Charity. A Principled Approach to Executive Pay.......... 29 29 38 43 47 54 II. CORPORATE FINANCE AND INVESTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. 63 Mr. Market........................................ 63 Arbitrage......................
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...The Essays of Warren Buffett: Lessons for Corporate America Essays by Warren E. Buffett Selected, Arranged, and Introduced by Lawrence A. Cunningham Includes Previously Copyrighted Material Reprinted with Permission THE ESSAYS OF WARREN BUFFETT: LESSONS FOR CORPORATE AMERICA Essays by Warren E. Buffett Chairman and CEO Berkshire Hathaway Inc. Selected, Arranged, and Introduced by Lawrence A. Cunningham Professor of Law Director, The Samuel and Ronnie Heyman Center on Corporate Governance Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law Yeshiva University © 1997; 1998 Lawrence A. Cunningham All Rights Reserved Includes Previously Copyrighted Material Reprinted with Permission TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROLOGUE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 27 I. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. B. C. D. E. Owner-Related Business Principles................ Boards and Managers............................. The Anxieties of Plant Closings An Owner-Based Approach to Corporate Charity. A Principled Approach to Executive Pay.......... 29 29 38 43 47 54 II. CORPORATE FINANCE AND INVESTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. 63 Mr. Market........................................ 63 Arbitrage......................
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...Insights into the Food, Beverage, and Consumer Products Industry GMA Overview of Industry Economic Impact, Financial Performance, and Trends The Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA) represents the world’s leading branded food, beverage, and consumer products companies. Since 1908, GMA has been an advocate for its members on public policy issues and has championed initiatives to increase industrywide productivity and growth. GMA member companies employ more than 2.5 million workers in all 50 states and account for more than $680 billion in global annual sales. The association is led by a board of member company chief executives. For more information, visit the GMA website at www.gmabrands.com The Food Products Association (FPA) is the largest trade association serving the food and beverage industry in the United States and worldwide. FPA’s laboratory centers, scientists, and professional staff provide technical and regulatory assistance to member companies and represent the food industry on scientific and public policy issues involving food safety, food security, nutrition, consumer affairs, and international trade. For more information, visit FPA’s website at www.fpa-food.org The member firms of the PricewaterhouseCoopers network (www.pwc.com) provide industry-focused assurance, tax, and advisory services to build public trust and enhance value for its clients and their stakeholders. More than 130,000 people in 148 countries across our network work collaboratively...
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