...Woman of Color Project on Wilma Mankiller My presentation is on Wilma Mankiller, the Cherokee Nations first female Indian Chief Can a young Cherokee girl grow up to be a Chief? Before Wilma Mankiller grew up to be her tribe’s chosen leader many Indian girls believed that answer to be no. Wilma had a lot to overcome personally in order to be a leader as Wilma was a shy and quiet person who didn’t like to speak in public or talk in front of a camera. One day while driving along the reservation, Wilma saw something that changed her mind. Looking at the plight of her people from an outsiders view, Wilma decided she needed to do something to help her people become the great people she knew they could become. Overcoming her shyness, Wilma set out to campaign her way to deputy chief a step just below Chief. Why wouldn’t she win? It wasn’t easy for Wilma in the beginning. Many Cherokees didn’t want to be governed by a woman; only “good ole boys” could run the Cherokee Nation. Even though Indian women had always been medicine women, warriors and council members, basically having equal rights to the men, people were talking behind her back and not happy with a woman becoming chief. She had to endure slashed tires and even death threats. Wilma believed sexism was the white man’s culture and it was creeping into the Indian culture. She set out to prove them wrong. When Wilma was only ten, her whole family was relocated to California as part of a Federal Government’s...
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...Wilma Mankiller was born November 18, 1945 in Oklahoma but later relocated due to the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ Indian Relocation Program of the 1950’s. Because the relocation program failed to keep promises it made to Native Americans, Wilma became an activist fighting for the rights of Native Americans (Wallis). Wilma Mankiller was the first female elected Deputy Chief and later became the first female in modern history to lead a major Native American tribe by becoming the first Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma in 1987. With an enrolled population of over 140,000 members and an annual budget of more than $75 million, her accomplishment is equal to that of a chief executive office of a major corporation (Yannuzzie). Her areas of expertise include community development, public relations, tribal governance, leadership and writing. During her time in office, Wilma faced many challenges and turned them into accomplishments. She bettered the lives of her people by building health clinics, bringing water and electricity to poor communities, and supporting small businesses. These things meant a great deal too many people, but Wilma also tackled big issues like the male-domination of the Cherokee Nation, which went against traditional Cherokee values (Mankiller and Steinem). She also spoke out against Native American stereotypes and worked to make the mainstream image of Native Americans one of regular people with the same wants and needs as everyone else. And...
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...I am going to tell you about three very important women who have made the world better for young women. In doing so I hope to make the point across that women shouldn’t be taken advantage of and we are much stronger than we seem. You might be wondering who was Wilma Mankiller and why is she important? Wilma Mankiller was born in Tahlequah, Oklahoma and was a descendent from a long line of full-blood Cherokee Indians. Wilma lived in Oklahoma through her teens until her family moved to San Francisco. This move was part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs relocation policy. During this act, it was an effort to lure Native Americans off reservations and into cities with the promise of work. As you can imagine most promises were not kept, most didn’t find a job and those who had a job there were lower economic ladder. Over the years there is an estimated total of 750,000 Native Americans migrated to the cities between 1950 and 1980. (PBS,...
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...In August 2005, tropical storm Wilma hit North Carolina and the Optima Air Filter Company. Many employees’ homes were devastated, and the firm found that it had to hire almost three completely new crews, one for each of its shifts. The problem was that the “old-timers” had known their jobs so well that no one had ever bothered to draw up job descriptions for them. When about 30 new employees began taking their places, there was general confusion about what they should do and how they should do it. The storm quickly became old news to the firm’s out-of-state customers, who wanted filters, no excuses. Phil Mann, the firm’s president, was at his wits’ end. He had about 30 new employees, 10 old-timers, and his original factory supervisor, Maybelline. He decided to meet with Linda Lowe, a consultant form the local university’s business school. She immediately had the old-timers fill out a job questionnaire that listed all their duties. Arguments ensued almost at once: Both Phil and Maybelline thought the old-timers were exaggerating to make themselves look more important, and the old-timers insisted that the lists faithfully reflected their duties. Meanwhile, the customers clamored for their filters. Questions 1. Should Phil and Linda ignore the old-timers’ protests and write up job descriptions as they see fit? Why? Why not? How would you go about resolving the differences? No, Phil and Linda should not ignore the old-timers’ protests and write the job description themselves...
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...Abstract: This paper presents a summary of Wilma Rudolph’s life, paying specific attention to the bio-social-psycho-spiritual-cultural framework discussed in SWO 351. This paper also uses a theory taken from “Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment” by Charles H. Zastrow and Karen K. Kirst-Ashman, 2007. This paper provides a basic overview of the framework and how it affected Wilma Rudolph’s life from childhood through middle adulthood and death. It allows the reader to grasp a better understanding of Wilma’s life by examining specific events in her lifetime that held significance in her adulthood development. Wilma Rudolph is most well-known for her extreme success in track and field. What is most ground-breaking about Wilma and her success is the fact that she was a woman succeeding in what was considered at that time a “man’s sport.” She broke many records, but most importantly was the first American woman to win three gold medals during the same summer Olympics. Wilma had faced many troubles throughout her life, from illness and disabilities to insecurities and friendship issues. However, the most difficult time in her life was not the obstacles she overcame to reach her success but the point in her life after all of that- the point when she went back to reality. Throughout this paper I will discuss how the bio-social-psycho-spiritual-cultural framework had affected Wilma throughout her lifetime, ultimately influencing the person she turned out to be...
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...To: Fred Flintstone, Manager of Bedrock Indiana Computing Services From: Barney Rubble , Support Team at Bedrock Indiana Computing Services Date: September 29, 2014 Subject: Web Conferencing for Bedrock Mr. Flintstone, We, the support staff, have recently identified that here at Bedrock there is a need for conferencing equipment so we can communicate with our sister office, Capone’s Illinois Computing and Company in Chicago. We have spoken with Capone’s support staff and identified the following needs that we both have: 1. Crisp video so we can see each other’s moves with clarity 2. Clear sound quality so we can both understand each other very well 3. An easy to use interface that even a not so wise guy can use and understand In the table attached, we have listed 3 possible options that we believe Capone’s as well as Bedrock can come to an agreement on. On the table page we have also listed our resources so you may visit each website and read about them if you wish. Below I will give a basic overview of the 3 options. Our first option is Skype. It is a well-known platform that can deliver what we need to do for a very small fee. Setup is simple and we already have a laptop that we can use the webcam on to run the session. We can also call any landline in the United States for $2.99/month as well as worldwide should we deem that necessary. Our Second option is WebEx. Cost is around $19/month and offers great video and sound quality over the internet. With this...
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...autobiography and biography on Wilma Mankiller are altogether very different. The biography Community Hero: Chief Wilma Mankiller, written by Susannah Abbey, mainly focuses on Mankiller’s childhood, her ability to lead and accomplishments. Abbey also uses quotes from Mankiller, mainly showing how she felt, and proof for her accomplishments. On the on the other hand, Every day Is a New Day, an autobiography by Mankiller, hardly focuses on her accomplishments and childhood. Instead, Mankiller mostly talks about the indigenous people who inspired her and enhanced her leadership skills, and the history of how the indigenous people were treated, as well as expressing her feelings on these topics. These differences can be found within the the biography and autobiography. For instance, the fact that Wilma Mankiller talk less about her childhood in her autobiography than Susannah Abbey in her biography can be seen throughout both the biography and autobiography. In Abbey’s biography, Community Hero: Chief Wilma Mankiller, most of the first and second page is dedicated to Mankiller’s childhood, from lines 1-31. In Mankiller’s...
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...The Right to Choose More than two decades ago, a monumental case shook this nation – Roe vs. Wade. It fought for the right for women to choose their maternal destiny, it has become a rising issue not just in the United States; unfortunately, it is a growing concern everywhere. Many believe abortion is murder, therefore many anti-abortion organizations take a stance and declare pro-life. Pro-Life organist’s believe that life exists three weeks after conception, while on the opposing side pro-choice feels that women should have the right to choose regardless of the circumstances. Today Roe vs Wade still ripples this nation and breeds many discussions pertaining to the matter. Abortion seems to be an emotional, but yet still a political topic for many; relationships are tarnished due to one’s personal opinion when asked pro-life or pro-choice. In an online article titled Roe v. Wade and Beyond, Peter Samuelson discussed “I think what happened in 1973 with Roe v. Wade is the Supreme Court just stopped a public discussion consensus on what America wants for abortion. I think over the last 34 years, 33 years that has continued to happen and that discussion is going on but it’s going on much slower” (Abortion Wars 1). Unfortunately, courts, clinics, and hospitals will continue to publicize abortion and though it will be many that disagree with abortion laws and declare it unjust, there will also be few that empathize with women that receive abortions and join the fight to protect...
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...There are still divided into two different groups, the Eastern and Western, after the forced removal in the 1830s. The Western Cherokee, are located in Oklahoma and organized by the Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band. Wilma Mankiller became the first female chief in 1987, and stayed chief until 1995. The Cherokee tribe is a part of the Intertribal Council of the Five Tribes. There was about 12,000 Eastern Cherokee in the year 2010. These people were descendants of the ones who escaped the deportation that happened in 1838. Most of these people live on reservation that have about 56,000 acres in western North Carolina. Since they live very close to the entrance of the most visited National Park, the Cherokee people own tourist-oriented businesses, like a casino that opened in 1997. The Eastern Cherokees elected Joyce Dugan as their female chief in 1995, and she served as chief until...
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...the 1960s to the 1980s. How did women’s roles in the American Indian Movement (AIM), the Chicano movement, and the civil rights movement provide empowerment for women? Include a specific example from each of the three movements to indicate how each movement provided women with a voice. Incorporate specific connections to the Unit 7 reading material as part of your response; include APA formatting (citations and references) to support your points. 1. American Indian Movement (AIM) Native American women participated extensively in the militant activism of their people in the late 1960s and 1970s. They were assisted and supported by the American Indian Movement. Female leaders with significant roles, such as, Lanada Means and Wilma Mankiller emerged during this time. A group of Women activists issued a communication that called for federal policies to ensure tribal rights and sovereignty and to improve Native American health and education. (DuBois & Dumenil pg. 692) 2. Chicano Movement Hispanic American in general resented the argument that Mexican American had to remain family oriented without being involved in the political struggle. “Many criticized what they saw as the Chicano movement’s emphasis on machismo, arguing that it undermined women’s ability to participate in the struggle for racial pride and justice.” (DuBois & Dumenil pg. 688) Just like the American Indian Movement, the Chicano movement produced significant female leaders like, Anna Nieto-Gomez...
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...prostitutes” (Johnson). By assuming that all Chinese women arriving in the United States were prostitutes, the government kept them from becoming American citizens with the passing of anti-prostitution laws. This unfounded assumption is a notable example of how sexism was a prominent issue in the daily lives of female Chinese immigrants. Female Chinese immigrants faced hardships in America in regards to their families, as well. If a woman born in the United States- regardless of her heritage- wanted to marry an Asian immigrant, she would lose her citizenship. Wilma Mankiller mentioned this fact in her section in Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History when she said, “The Cable Act retained loss of citizenship provisions for U.S.-born women who married ‘aliens ineligible for citizenship’--Asians…. This was especially burdensome for Asian American women who chose to marry immigrant men within their own cultures” (Mankiller). Judy Yung mentions the strain on family life, as well: “The [Chinese] Exclusion Act succeeded in keeping Chinese women out of the country and separated from their husbands, sometimes for decades, thus creating undue hardships for family members on both sides of the ocean. In turn, the absence of women resulted in a skewed sex ratio... The Chinese male/female ratio was 18 to 1 in 1900 and did not approach parity until 1980” (Yung, “Chinese Exclusion Act”). The stress that Chinese women had to endure when trying to build and raise families in the United States...
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...Journal Entry of a Subordinate Group Member My name is Awanita, which means in my native language the fawn. I am part of the Cherokee tribe. It is believed that we originated by passing over the Bering Strait (Alaska) during the Ice age from Asia, while the Bering Strait was still frozen. Many spread out over parts of Canada, and North and South America (N.A. 2, 2011). Now people have invaded our land and have brought with them diseases that have struck our people. We have been at war with the settlers because they want to take our land. They are making us sign treaties, each time they take more and more of our land from us. Our people are being forced once again to move (N.A. 2007). We live in what the settlers call Georgia. Now they have discovered gold, and these people are trespassing on our land, once again in search of this gold. Tension is building again between my people and the settlers, of which was once our country (N.A. 1, 2011). A man known as the President of the country, that they now call the United States of America, has now declared for the removal of our people; he goes by the name of Andrew Jackson. He has declared a new law, called the Indian Removal Act of 1830. He has decided that our people are in danger from the settlers and wants us to move from our land in the east to land in the west (N.A. 1, 2011). Our people have made a complaint to the Supreme Court and have won, but the president has ignored the court’s decision and has ordered our migration...
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...Discriminatory Wage Gap “The gap between the median wage for a man and that of a woman in 2010 was $10,784.00 per year. The gender wage gap gets larger with age and builds up over time. But for women in the final five years of their careers before retirement, the wage gap grows to a whopping $14,352.00. Over a 40-year career, the average woman will lose $431,000.00 to the gender wage gap” (Cooper 1). Does this seem fair? It seems quite obvious to the common observer that there should be equal pay across the board for the same job accomplished regardless of gender, education or any other factor one might dream up. Nevertheless, according to most research and authorities on the subject of equal pay, there is a gap between the earnings of men and women. Moreover, as one delves into the subject more thoroughly, one notes it is much more complicated than simply equal pay for the same work performed. Women are greatly affected by the wage gap over time where they lose a significant amount of money the closer they are to retirement. As of April, 2014, the Center for American Progress states that to every dollar a man makes, a woman makes 77 cents (Cooper 1). Thus, it is apparent that women are still behind the men in terms of equal pay in the workforce. While women's pay in the workforce has traditionally been less than a man’s it nevertheless has increased over the years; however, as of 2014 there still exists a pay gap which can only be addressed through legislation, enforcement...
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