...Research University Higher School of Economics Nizhny Novgorod branch Essay «Investing in renewable energy: global trend» Student: Kutina Alexandra, 12e2 Tutor: Korenkova Marianna Maximovna N. Novgorod 2015 In contemporary business life one of the relatively recent trends is the growing appeal of corporate and private investors to renewable energy. It is well-known fact that in current world people face the problems of scarcer petroleum reserves and global warming. Due to these burning issues, nowadays people pay more and more attention to developing alternative sources of energy. However, developing renewable and natural energy sources such as solar and wind powers, for instance, is believed to be time and money-consuming and unprofitable. There is still significant uncertainty associated with outputs of renewable technologies. This young industry also encounters difficulties with government support in many countries. As investors are always intend to make high returns in their investment it is really attention-grabbing to analyze their incentives and purposes, and observe the present-day situation on the market of renewable energy. Thus, it is important to find worthy arguments in support of the growing popularity of projects devoted to alternative energy powers. First of all, it is reasonable to track investment in renewable power and fuels. The chart below...
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...Wind Turbines: As the demand for energy is constantly increasing, due to an ever increasing congested population, mankind finds itself in a predicament, where do we continue to source the needed power to run our world. The old 20th century industrial age response is no longer applicable to modern day society, whereby; coal, gas and other non renewable limited resources are depleting. The 21st century has been presented with this detrimental world altering issue. Thankfully we now live in what is known as the technological era. This new century brought about with it new ideas and new developments- accordingly it is these developments in thinking and resources that will pave the way for alternate sources of power. New responses to this ever-present issue include hyrdo-electricity, a legitimate and controllable sources of power, solar power; another renewable resource whose presence is ever increasing in today’s developing world. Arguably the most efficient form of renewable and environmentally friendly energy is wind power. The ability to harness the power generated by the winds. The concept of harnessing the power of wind is no new invention, not even relatively new, in fact the idea has been around since 5000B.C whereby it was first utilized by the early Egyptians to propel their boats down the Nile river. Over the centuries, advancements to the concept continued and by 200B.C simple windmills in china were being developed to pump water for irrigation whilst the middle...
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...insight into the wind-based renewable energy source, and brings to light LEEDCo—a regional non-profit and economic development organization, that is engaged in creating an offshore wind energy industry in Ohio. As commonly known, wind power is derived from airflow using wind turbines or sails to produce mechanical or electrical power. Typically, the mechanical power is harnessed from windmills, and transferred to an appropriate application, which requires power. Wind energy has been and currently is a preferred alternative to fossil fuels, on account that it is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation and uses little land. The effects on the environment are generally less problematic than those from other power sources. In the forefront of the case, a historical brief is given, depicting wind energy source history, its current utilization throughout the world in contrast to its harnessing and utilization in the US, and both the highlights and the troughs of wind-based energy industry development in the US. The examples and arguments for the above are structured in the context of economical, political, and social boundaries, and give the reader a good taste of what the “lay of the land” looks like. In August 2009, Lake Erie Energy Development Corporation (LEEDCo) found its beginnings from the Great Lakes Energy Development Task Force (GLEDTF). It was further molded and commenced by NorTech Energy Enterprise, the...
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...Energy Planning Proposal ********* SCI/362 November 10, 20** *************** Energy Planning Proposal To service a large populated area, it takes more than just money when it comes to evaluating not only the energy needs, but the environmental needs and considerations as well. Renewable energy has many important and positive aspects that make it a great choice not just for the city and its inhabitants, but for the environment near and far. This energy renews itself, without the threat of running out, or depleting. Renewable energy is cost effective, does not cause pollution, nor emit greenhouse gases, which is good for the city environment and far from causing global warming. There are many energy sources available, and after evaluating the pros and cons of each one, as the city planner I have come up with the best choice that can suit our needs, which is wind power, hydroelectric, and nuclear power sources. With a budget of 10 billion dollars, we can build the three new power sources and have money left over. Wind is a clean source of renewable energy, it does not produce any air or water pollution, plus wind is free. The cost of its operations is nearly nothing once a turbine is erected. Mass production and technology are making turbines cheaper, and many governments offer tax incentives to encourage wind development. Hydroelectric is a renewable energy is generated by the force of falling water. It is considered as one of the cleanest sources of energy, reliable...
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...Table of Contents 1.0 Wind Farms 4 2.0 Wind Farms in Ireland 6 3.0 Installation On and Off Shore 8 Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Master of Engineering in Civil Engineering Windfarms By Paul Carroll Name: Paul Carroll Class: CE1 Module: IT in Communications Date: Wednesday 18th February Lecturer: Louise Kirby Title: Wind farms 1.0 Wind Farms 1.1 Introduction This report will look at wind farms. It will examine wind farms in a broad sense and will also go into detail on wind farms in Ireland both on and off shore. Wind farms are a group of wind turbines that create energy by using the natural resource that is wind to rotate three blades that are used to run a generator stored at the top of the turbine. In this report the location of wind farms will be discussed and their advantages and disadvantages. Also the installation of both on and offshore turbines will be examined. In addition Ireland and the need for wind farms will be investigated in greater detail. Figure (1.1) Windmills In an open space unhindered by earth’s natural formations such as mountains. 1.2 History Wind was undoubtedly an indispensible resource from the beginning of civilisation. Wind was the natural resource that powered ships which made trading possible due to transportation of produce on water. Wind was also used to power grain mills which were used to grind wheat and corn. Irrigation was made possible on...
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...Personal energy production through the use of solar panels and wind generators in urban settings. Personal energy production through the use of solar panels and wind generators in urban settings. Many experts feel that urban renewable energy production through the use of solar panels and wind generators is not efficient or reliable enough to justify the steep financial investment required for equipment purchase and installation. With government tax credit extensions and new high-efficiency low-cost equipment entering the market. Now is the time for each of us to consider becoming an energy producer, not just a consumer. Solar Panels Who doesn’t love the idea of solar power? It is one of the most predictable and reliable sources of energy we have. The concept of harnessing solar energy into electricity has been around for a long time. In fact, this process was first observed by the French physicist Antoine – Cesar Becquerel in 1839. Of course, it would be over a century later in 1954 that three scientists Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller, and Gerald Pearson from Bell Laboratories would discover the advantages of using silicon for the panels that were a record-breaking 6% efficient producing 50watts of power per square yard in direct sunlight. (John Perlin, 2002) Solar panel efficiency Efficiency has been the Achilles heel of solar energy production ever since its emergence as a viable energy production option in 1954. Since this time, scientists have tried a multitude of...
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...Ocean waves are disturbances in the ocean that move energy from one place to another. The most common types of waves (such as the small waves out in open sea) are caused by wind on the ocean’s surface. As the wind gains strength, the oceans surface gradually changes from smooth to rough (a common term for the roughness developing in the water is “cat paws”). First ripples will form along the surface, and then larger waves will begin to form, this is called chop. As the waves continue to build three factors decide the final size. Theses factors are wind speed, wind duration, and the area where the wind is blowing (this is called the fetch). A group of waves have several crests that are separated by troughs ( A trough is a hollow between two wave crests). The height of the wave is known as the amplitude, the distance between each wave is called wavelength and the time between each wave is called the period. Ocean waves behave just like light rays, and are reflected or refracted by obstacles in their way ( for example, islands or reefs). The “overall state of a sea surface” can be measured by using the significant wave height ( defined as: “the average height of the highest one third of the waves”). As waves approach the shore, their motion begins to interact with the sea floor. This slows the wave and causes the wave crests to bunch up, which is known as shoaling. The wave gains height, and the period remains constant as the energy it contains is compressed, and eventually breaks...
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...keyword: wind Sort By: Go Your search returned over 400 essays for "wind" 1 2 3 4 5 Next >> These results are sorted by most relevant first (ranked search). You may also sort these by color rating or essay length. Title Length Color Rating Wind Power and Wildlife Issues in Kansas - ... Turbines can produce electricity at wind speeds as low as 9 miles per hour, reach their peak of production at 33 miles per hour, plus shut down and turn sideways at wind speeds above 56 miles per hour. An average wind speed at the site of a turbine is 20 miles per hour. Because of these features on the towers, they rank Kansas the 3rd in the US for wind energy potential. The Gray County Wind Farm in Kansas, powered by Florida Power and Light Energy, has collected data from 2001-2009 on electricity production.... [tags: kansas, wind energy, wind turbines] :: 1 Works Cited 1537 words (4.4 pages) $29.95 [preview] Analysis of Wind Turbine Designs - Abstract Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft and one of the most philanthropic men in history giving over 28 billion dollars to charity so far, states his number one wish for the world wouldn't be to rid the world of aids, vaccinate kids around the world, or feed every starving children; instead, it would be to invent and utilize a cheaper emission-free source of energy. My research aims to cut through the vast amounts of wind turbine designs and analyze the two most promising types. The first type is Small Vertical Axis Wind Turbines...
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...green energy collection, combining the conversion of light, heat and wind power. Integrated nanotechnologies enable the nanoleaves to convert solar radiation (light & heat) into electricity. Furthermore, the leaf petiole or the stem, and twigs comprise nano-piezovoltaic material -- these tiny generators produce electricity from movement or kinetic energy caused by wind or falling raindrops. A fundamental flaw in conventional solar cells is that electrons give too much energy by sunlight and lose that energy in heat form, as the electrons move thermally to the bottom of the conduction band. Solar Botanic "hot carrier" solar cells would use quantum dots (i.e., nano-particles) to confine electrons long enough so that they could be extracted before their energy dissipates as heat. With this process of combining the conversion of light, heat and wind, more energy is generated, as the "hot carrier" can now be efficiently used with the implementation of thermo-voltaic cells. The design of the nanoleaves is based on the principles of photosynthesis, a natural process where plants extract the light from solar energy, and along with CO2 from the atmosphere, convert it to starches and oxygen, the oxygen being emitted to the atmosphere. However, nanoleaves development has gone a step further, in that they are capable of harvesting the thermal and light energy from the sun’s energy and convert it to electricity. The stems of the nanoleaves are designed to collect kinetic energy from...
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... Legal Studies Professional Interview I have chosen to Interview Jim Cassida, the Senior Environmental Manager of SunEdison a solar wind and energy, company based out of Portland Maine. My Interviewee has a Bachelor’s degree in Botany and a Master’s in Public Policy. Jim has been with the company, SunEdison for many years. Jim is familiar with most aspects affiliated with SunEdison and its developer companies. Jim knows a lot about electrical engineering vs. solar wind as energy. I have had the opportunity to speak with Jim Cassida and Interview him with the questions listed. I have been provided the answers as follows, in relation to Jim’s employment with SunEdison and what the company affiliated goals are. 1. The educational requirements for a position at SunEdison vary, because at SunEdison there are many different department functions. SunEdison is a developer of renewable energy. Educational requirements need to meet a basic education of Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in public policy management and/or electrical engineering and Law. An educational requirement would be law related, in a sense that SunEdison hires Attorneys that the company works directly with....
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...Renewable Energy Sources The Sustainability Revolution John C. Ayers "In a sense, the fossil fuels are a one-time gift that lifted us up from subsistence agriculture and should eventually lead us to a future based on renewable resources." Kenneth Deffeyes (2001) "I'd put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I hope we don't have to wait until oil and coal run out before we tackle that." — Thomas Edison, 1931 We cannot create or destroy energy. We can only capture it. The sun provides either directly or indirectly nearly all of the energy available to us. Plants capture solar energy directly through photosynthesis. Fossil fuels contain the energy of sunlight captured hundreds of millions of years ago. Photovoltaic (PV) cells also capture sunlight energy directly. Other energy sources capture the energy of sunlight indirectly. Heat from the sun powers the flowing air and water. We usually capture the kinetic energy of wind and water by using turbines that transfer the energy to an alternator, an electrical generator that produces alternating current. Geothermal energy is different in that it captures flowing heat energy produced by radioactive decay in the earth’s interior. In this chapter we will see that Wind, Water, and Sun (WWS) energy sources are sustainable because they are renewable, clean, safe, and nearly carbon-free. Although they have low energy densities, meaning that they require large areas of land or water to produce energy, they are...
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...Application of Ocean Wave Generator Equipment K’Adesh A.D. Hepburn University of Arkansas Department of Electrical Engineering, Energy Systems Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 Abstract- This paper purposes the techniques and optimization of Ocean Wave Generation equipment. This paper analysis the characteristics and operational reformation of Power generation through Ocean wave technology, with special background in Oceanology. “Ocean energy has the potential of providing a substantial amount of new renewable energy around the world.(Carbon Trust 2006)” [3]. Ocean Wave generator equipment should be primarily use for power generation. Ocean wave can be advantageous due to nonexistence fossil fuel coal emission and nuclear radiation. The most basic functionality requirement of a generator in a wave energy converter (WEC) is that of mechanical to electrical power conversion – in similar manner to the functionality of a generator in a fossil fuel power plant. [2]. Oppose to on water oil rigs, whose residue still resides in the gulf coast. Ocean Wave generator can be the future of renewable energy. The gist of Ocean Wave generation relies mostly on kinetic energy of the tidal wave develop by the wind. Power generation can be control with an Ocean Wave generator. Research is also being conduct on Ocean wave harvesting allowing us to harness this energy. However, there is the question about Marine life, if there are any harmful toxins that can jeopardize the marine life in a particular...
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...debate is the energy crisis. The issue is that the United States’ current, most widely used energy sources, fossil fuels, is harmful to the environment. So as to not harm the environment, many people have made the switch to solar or wind energy, thinking that as long as they don’t use fossil fuels they are doing the environment a favor. However, no matter the energy source for use on a large scale, it is going to have its own unique issues. There are a number of energy alternatives within the United States. The two sides to the argument are renewables, such as wind and solar energy (the two most popular) versus fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas. Wind turbines can kill birds, cause health problems, and destroy forests and other wildlife. Solar energy is extremely costly (not only in money, but in energy as well) and it needs to be in the right climate to effectively capture the sun's energy. Fossil fuels emit carbon dioxide and other environment-harming pollutants. Despite coal's negatives, it is still critical for energy infrastructure in the United States because it is inexpensive, it is available, and the future of coal is becoming cleaner and more efficient all the time. Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy are very attractive because the wind will always be blowing and the sun will always be shining. It theoretically is a great way to harness energy; there is no burning of rocks or descending into mines just to get your energy like coal...
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...Leading from a Global Perspective Course Number: BC607 From: Millicent Fowler To: Dr. Miro The country of Ghana a region in West Africa is my country of choice, Electricity generation and usage in Ghana. Business Report The country generates electric power from hydropower, fossil-fuel, thermal energy and renewable energy sources. Electricity generation is one of the key factors to propel it to achieve the developmental goal of the national economy, with aggressive and rapid industrialization, which has increased the consumption from 265kilowatt-hours per capita in 2009 to 297.8 kilowatt-hours per capita, causing frequent power outage and rationing. It has become necessary for the privatization of the sector. Ghana exported some of its generated energy and fossil fuel to other countries in the region, Transmission is under the operation of Ghana Grid Company, Distribution under Northern electricity Distribution Company and electricity Company of Ghana. For the country to meet its economic growth, it is working on projects aimed at diversifying its energy generation and supply as the government is no longer able to handle it. I therefore propose that Consolidated Edison Company (ConEdison) come into a joint venture business agreement with Ghana, where generation and supply will be manage by ConEdison. During the past two decades, Ghana has emerged as a paragon of stability and good governance, held up as a shining...
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...the one on the top, because alcohol is less dense than water. 2. Water: molecular mass of 18.015, density of 1 g/cm³ at 4°C, refractive index of 1.3330, solid form less dense than the liquid form, amphoteric properties, boiling point of 100°C at atmospheric pressure, not flammable. Alcohol: molecular mass of 46.07, density of 0.789 g/cm³, refractive index of 1.36242, solid denser than the liquid, slightly more acidic than water, boiling point of 78°C at atmospheric pressure, highly flammable Water (along with life) is what sets our planet apart from our neighbors and it is the topic of this chapter. The hydrosphere is the watery part of the Earth, but this is a little misleading since it gives the impression that there is one place where water occurs. Instead, water is everywhere, or nearly so. Water is present in the atmosphere, in the form of vapor, liquid, and solid. It is tied up in rocks, locked away in the crystal lattices of minerals that make up rocks; it occurs in the innumerable small pore spaces of rocks, from the surface to depths greater than 5 km. Water is also tied up in living organisms; humans, for example, contain about 70% water. Water is stored in ice sheets large and small, it occurs in various surface water bodies, and, of course the oceans, the reservoir of the great majority of Earth's water. The hydrosphere, then, is intimately tied up with all of the other spheres that make up our whole Earth system. Inventory of Water Here is a partial breakdown...
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