...Microsoft Windows File Systems Jon Bartholf POS421: Windows Server Networking December 13, 2010 Ali Shokraee TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 3 FILE AND FILE SYSTEM: WHAT THEY ARE.................................................................. 3 FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT)...................................................................................... 4 FAT12 (12-bit)....................................................................................................................... 4 FAT16 (16-bit)....................................................................................................................... 4 FAT32 (32-bit)....................................................................................................................... 5 HIGH PERFORMANCE FILE SYSTEM (HPFS)................................................................ 5 NEW TECHNOLOGY FILE SYSTEM (NTFS).................................................................... 5 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................... 6 APPENDIXES............................................................................................................................ 7 Appendix A: File Allocation Table (FAT) Bit and Usage (Figure...
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...* Microsoft Windows File Systems University of Phoenix POS/421 July 23rd 2012 * * * * * * * * Microsoft Windows File Systems File systems are representations of arranged data and metadata that define the stored data. Microsoft Windows has used three types file systems, File Allocation Table (FAT), FAT 32 and since Windows 2000 and Windows NT 4.0 with Service Pack 4 or later the standard has been New Technology File System (NTFS) (Microsoft, 2012). File systems are also be a part of disk partitions, which are isolated storage segments that can also be used for running multiple operating systems. FAT FAT is the original and most simplistic form of file systems and because of this it has many limitations, but in some cases it may be the only option. According to LLC SysDev Laboratories (2012), FAT, “Consists of file system descriptor sector (boot sector or superblock), file system block allocation table (referenced as File Allocation Table) and plain storage space to store files and folders.” Directories stored in FAT systems use arrays of 32 byte records. The simplest form of FAT is FAT12 which was only used for old floppy disks, next FAT16 also known as just FAT and FAT32 are mostly used for memory cards and USB devices, digital cameras and mobile phones (LLC SysDev Laboratories, 2012). FAT is limited to a maximum of a 4 GB drive and FAT 32 is supported by drives...
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...File System Comparison POS/421 Windows Server Networking January 30, 2012 Ali Shokraee File System Comparison This paper is going to compare the different file system structures used for the different version of Windows Operating Systems. This will go from the Disk Operating System (DOS) of the early years to the latest Windows Server 2008. The desktop OS and the servers OS will be compared and contrasted in this paper. Different Types of File Systems There were many different types of file systems that were used over the years that Microsoft was in business. This ranges from the DOS years to the most current version from Microsoft, Windows Server 2008. The following table (table 1) shows the different File Systems that Microsoft has used and the Operating System (OS) that uses that type of File System (NTFS.com, 2011). |File System Structure |Operating System | |FAT12 |All Versions of MS DOS | |FAT16 |All Versions of MS DOS | |FAT32 |DOS v7 and Higher, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003 | | |Server, Windows Vista, Windows 7 | ...
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...versus Mac® versus Windows® POS/355 October 29, 2012 Carol S. Eichling UNIX®/Linux® versus Mac® versus Windows® There are several computer operating systems available on the market, and it is sometimes difficult to choose. Therefore, it is important to compare the system capabilities to make the decision easier. The three biggest players in the operating systems market are UNIX®/Linux®, Mac®, and Microsoft® Windows® with Windows® holding the largest market share (Boitor & Brătucu, 2011). These three operating systems are capable of multi-processing and have similar capabilities; however, and it is important to compare and contrast how they handle memory management, process management, file management, and security, which are critical system functions. Discussing memory management, which is a vital component in operating systems, is first. Memory Management Memory management refers to the way a system makes use of the computer’s RAM (Random Access Memory). Many of the operating systems in use on computer systems have positives and negatives in their use of memory attributes. “Memory management is usually divided into three areas: hardware, operating system, and application…although the distinctions are a little fuzzy. In most computer systems, all three are present to some extent, forming layers between the user's program and the actual memory hardware” (Ravenbrook Limited, 2001, p. 1). There are several types of memory, including main memory, file system memory, and swap...
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...Comparison of Windows, Mac OS X and Linux Operating Systems Team A POS/355 March 6, 2015 Memory Management System Memory management is the process of allocating memory during your programs runtime. Memory Management in MAC OS is a multi-core and multi-processor execution that is supported and a programming API, which is called grand central dispatch. It is in the MAC OS. It provides a pool of available threads. There are ways to prevent memory related problems; Freeing data that is still in use, this can cause memory corruption that can result in your application crashing or worse corrupted user data. The MAC operating system can provide most concurrency as possible based on the number of cores available, and those threads depend on the capacity of the system. Windows memory management system is both physical and has virtual memory. It is mainly controlled by the virtual memory managers and pages. “Windows operating system operates on many platforms then it uses page sizes that can range between 4KB to 64KB. So this means that windows virtual memory can control how memory can allocate paging performance” (Stallings, 2013). Committed, Available, and Reserved are three types of regions of space or memory that the operating system can manage. Committed region is space it’s pages that have been stored either in physical or virtual memory. It also allows the process to access the virtual memory pages. Available region is where the address of the process is not being used...
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...File Management Comparison for Operating Systems All computers and their subsequent operating systems use a means of digitally storing data within a file onto an allotted section of some type of storage media. The allotted section of storage can theoretically be read from, and written to as required. The data in the file is stored as bytes of binary code, and can be identified as belonging to a particular file by the file’s start or “address”. Though the storage section is linear in nature, it can be visualized as a cross grid of cells, with each cell containing one byte of data. The combined cells of data populate the allotted section of storage within a file. At this point, operating systems diverge from this commonality, particularly in the way the operating systems manage files through their respective “file management” programs. The following is a cursory look at three such operating system’s file management schemes. Mac OS file system Mac OS uses what is called the Hierarchical File System (plus). It comes from the original version of the Hierarchical File System (HFS), which comes from the Macintosh File System (MFS), used with older Mac systems. The HFS concept begins with a sole directory on a storage media (in this case a hard drive or hard disk). From this directory, sub-directories are created, and so on, down to the user and user access files. This is the most simplistic of file management system concepts, in theory. Mac OS is also proprietary. Linux...
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...LESSON 2 BASIC COMMANDS IN LINUX AND WINDOWS LESSON 2 – BASIC COMMANDS IN LINUX AND WINDOWS “License for Use” Information The following lessons and workbooks are open and publicly available under the following terms and conditions of ISECOM: All works in the Hacker Highschool project are provided for non-commercial use with elementary school students, junior high school students, and high school students whether in a public institution, private institution, or a part of home-schooling. These materials may not be reproduced for sale in any form. The provision of any class, course, training, or camp with these materials for which a fee is charged is expressly forbidden without a license including college classes, university classes, trade-school classes, summer or computer camps, and similar. To purchase a license, visit the LICENSE section of the Hacker Highschool web page at www.hackerhighschool.org/license. The HHS Project is a learning tool and as with any learning tool, the instruction is the influence of the instructor and not the tool. ISECOM cannot accept responsibility for how any information herein is applied or abused. The HHS Project is an open community effort and if you find value in this project, we do ask you support us through the purchase of a license, a donation, or sponsorship. All works copyright ISECOM, 2004. 2 LESSON 2 – BASIC COMMANDS IN LINUX AND WINDOWS Table of Contents “License for Use” Information....................
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...LAB 4 CAPTURING A REFERENCE IMAGE This lab contains the following exercises and activities: Exercise 4.1 Installing Windows 7 AIK Exercise 4.2 Creating an Answer File Exercise 4.3 Creating a Windows PE Boot Image Exercise 4.4 Capturing an Image Lab Challenge 4.1 Creating a Capture Image SCENARIO As part of the planning stage of a Windows 7 workstation deployment project, you have been assigned the task of installing the Windows 7 Automated Installation Kit, building a reference computer, and capturing an image of the reference computer. Estimated lab time: 80 minutes | | | | | | | | Exercise 4.1 Installing Windows 7 AIK | | | | | | | | | Overview | In Exercise 4.1, you install Windows 7 | AIK on a workstation, using | | | | installation files stored on your server. | | | | | | | | | Completion time | 10 minutes | | | | | | | | | | 1. Log on to NYC-CL1 using the contoso\Administrator user account and the password Pa$$w0rd. 2. Click Start, and in the Search programs and files box, type \\rwdc01\labfiles\waik\startcd.exe and press Enter. The Welcome to Windows Automated Installation Kit window appears, as shown in Figure 4-1. Figure 4-1 The Welcome to Windows Automated Installation Kit window 3. Click Windows AIK Setup. The Windows Automated Installation Kit Setup Wizard appears. 4. Click Next to bypass the Welcome page. The License Terms page appears. ...
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...computer to without worrying about losing work when things go wrong. We can just easily use System Restore if something goes wrong. We can find our data quickly and keep it organized. Other that moves suspended or inactive projects to another partition until we need them or until they're ready to be archived to the partition. Defragmentation of Data partition will be more quickly, which further reduces potential downtime. Safeguard the data This helps us to protect our work from disappearing should when physical disk fail. We can copy the subfolder from my Data partition to a new subfolder that we created in the partition. Name the new subfolder in partition by date or project which is easy to be recognize. Keeping the date or name in subfolder helps us more easily find something that we was working on a few days ago in case we need to restore an earlier version of a document or file Boosting computer's performance Although we got a not high-performance computer but its performance can be improved by a good partitioning scheme. The biggest boost comes from the Paging. I Move the paging file to 1 place. A well-known method for improving performance on a Windows-based computer is to move the paging file (pagefile.sys) from its usual location on drive C to its own separate partition on a separate physical drive. Keep the Paging partition small format it using the FAT32 file system but we can still seek out some performance gains for small volumes by formatting them as FAT32...
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...Linux, Mac, and Windows OS Comparison Paper B. James Bryant UNIX, Linux, Mac, and Windows OS Comparison In 1956, General Motors produced the first OS for its IBM 704 series mainframe. Since then companies around the world, both big and small, have been tirelessly researched, testing, and releasing newer and faster operating systems for the world to use. Among these are systems developed by/for UNIX, Linux, Microsoft, and Apple. In fact, it’s safe to say that these four companies have a monopoly on all current technology used in both the military, corporate, and private sectors all around the world. UNIX Operating System Unix operating systems have the ability to be multi-user, multi-tasking and portable. Multi-user capabilities are accomplished through time sharing which means the processor allocates slices of time to first one process and then the next, sharing the available time in sequence with waiting processes (Nagpal, 2009). Unix can run in either command line interface, CLI, or graphic user interface or GUI mode. A key and unique feature of Unix is that it has a modular design which allows parts of the system to be added or removed without affecting performance of the other parts making Unix systems highly customizable. Unix operating systems have four core components, (1) the kernel, (2) the shell, (3) the file system, and (4) the utilities or tools and applications (Love et al, 2005). The kernel is the lowest layer of the operating system that controls...
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...Working with Image Files (IMG and ISO) 2015-02-03 Version 3.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS ISO and IMG Files ......................................................................................................................................... 2 What is an IMG or ISO File? ............................................................................................................... 2 32-Bit vs 64-Bit .................................................................................................................................... 2 Bootable Installation Packages ..................................................................................................................... 3 Package? Image? Disk/Media? .......................................................................................................... 3 Bootable Installation Package ............................................................................................................ 3 What do I do with My Installation Package? ....................................................................................... 4 Preparing Physical Media from a Bootable Installation Image ..................................................................... 5 Requirements ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Creating Bootable DVD Media ................................................................................
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...Sunday, October 30, 2011 Windows Server Proposal For Worldwide Advertising Inc. Below is a project for my Windows Server Administration Course. This was the first course of the kind I have taken. Let me know what you think. Summary Servers are the backbone of an organization. The implementation and configuration of a server network can determine the prosperity or failure of a business. After reviewing the needs of Worldwide Advertising Inc., I have come up with what I think is the best solution. I will be covering infrastructure server roles such as: DHCP and DNS, which work behind the scenes, to the application servers which give life to your advertising dreams. I have prescribed an active directory schema that will require effortless management. I have proposed a File and Sharing implementation that suites a growing enterprise as well as state of the art data storage. I have also noted some preliminary estimates of scheduling and manpower required for the solution. Deployment and Server Edition Throughout the infrastructure the most advanced server operating system, Windows Server 2008 R2, will be used. Enterprise edition will be leveraged on all servers, because it has 4 virtual licenses per OS. To increase reliability and security Server Core will be on all servers. There will be a total of 10 servers for the Worldwide Advertising Inc. internal network. The majority of the servers will be managed from the Los Angeles main office while four servers...
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... Utility software How to Encrypt Your Windows PC More Stories in this Series Security software Business security , Encryption , file management, encryption How to Use BitLocker to Encrypt Your Hard Drive By Eric Geier, PCWorld Oct 26, 2011 7:00 PM e-mail print Even without knowing your Windows password, intruders can easily gain access to files and passwords stored by Windows and other programs on your computer. They can do this by booting into their own operating system (Windows or Linux) from a special disc or USB flash drive. After doing so, they can access your hard drives just as you can when you're logged into Windows. The only way to protect your data completely is by using encryption. You can encrypt select files, but to protect your system files and saved passwords, you must encrypt your entire hard drive. This operation takes more time and effort than encrypting select files does, but it offers more security--and it's great for laptops and netbooks that can easily go missing. If your computer is running the Ultimate or Enterprise edition of Windows 7 or Vista, you can use Microsoft’s included BitLocker feature to encrypt your entire drive. BitLocker offers protection for all of your personal files and documents, as well as for all of the system files and cached or saved passwords on your drive. Though Microsoft includes BitLocker with these two editions of Windows, the feature isn’t enabled by default. To...
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...CIS 206 All iLabs: Devry University (DEVRY) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com CIS 206 All iLabs: Devry University ----------------------------------------------------------- CIS 206 Case Study 2-3 Discussing the Functions of an Operating System (DEVRY) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com You have been selected to present a short talk on the functions of an operating system for the weekly tech meeting. To support your talk, you must prepare a handout for the attendees. The handout should summarize the information that you have learned about this topic. ----------------------------------------------------------- CIS 206 Case Study 2-4 Discussing How Applications Interact with Operating Systems (DEVRY) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com You have been asked to prepare a short lecture for users in the Accounting Department. They have expressed interest in learning more about how the operating system supports the applications they use. Your boss would like to review your lecture notes prior to the class, so you need to save them to a document. Your notes should provide details of your lecture. ----------------------------------------------------------- CIS 206 Case Study 8-2 Researching Background and Font Combinations in Fedora Core 4 (DEVRY) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Case 8-2: Researching Background and Font Combinations in Fedora Core 4 You have been asked to prepare...
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... Chapter 6: Host Hardening 1. To know how to install an operating system with secure configuration options, you would use a... a. security baseline b. standard c. security template d. wizard 2. A systems administrator’s main role is to… a. manage a network b. implement security baseline on servers c. None of the above 3. In a Windows network, which of the following could be used to implement security measures on multiple computers through a domain? a. Policy Maker b. GPO c. Domain ACL 4. LINUX distributions are standardized which makes them easier to manage a. True b. False 5. Which of the following is true? a. A particular version of UNIX will offer multiple user interfaces. b. All UNIX user interfaces are command line interfaces c. Both of the above. d. Neither a. nor b. 6. UNIX command-line interfaces are called _____. a. versions b. distributions c. GUIs d. shells e. windows 7. Routers are sometimes hosts. a. True. b. False 8. Cisco’s operating system for its routers and most of its managed switches is... a. IOS b. UNIX c. LINUX d. Windows 9. To apply patches in Windows 2000 and later versions of Windows, you choose an option on the _______ menu. a. Start b....
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