...1 Introduction to Operating Systems assignment 1 Contents The Linux Operating System 1 The History of Linux 3 The linux mascot 4 linux and its fued with microsoft 4 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Linux 6 Comparing Linux to Windows 7 The increase in complexity of Operating Systems 8 advantages and disadvantages of this increased complexity 10 Client-Server Operating System 11 Plug and Play & Multitasking in Windows 13 plug and play 13 multitasking in windows 15 References 17 The Linux Operating System Before getting into Linux, a short introduction on what an Operating System is – An Operating System is a software layer that is between the hardware and the software that you actually use to get something productive. In other words, the operating system is what allows the software to talk to the hardware, such as storing information to the hard drive, to send out print jobs to the printer and so on and so forth. Figure [ 1 ] An excerpt from the Ubuntu (a Linux distribution) website on how and why it's free Figure [ 1 ] An excerpt from the Ubuntu (a Linux distribution) website on how and why it's free Now, onto Linux. Linux, like Microsoft Windows is an Operating System. Unlike Windows, however, Linux is open source, meaning one can readily find the source code for the OS for free and add or edit the code to his heart’s content. 1Library A library is a collection of implementations of behavior, written in terms of a language...
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...Abstract Linux and Microsoft operating systems have been developed and marketed in two very different ways. Microsoft has become synonymous with monopoly and substandard software, while Linux is based on free, open source and the concept of open standards, full disclosure and sharing. Microsoft attempts to discourage consumers from using the Linux solution by suggesting that the operating system is less than perfect, yet it remains blind to its own operating system's problems existent within Windows 95/98 and Windows NT. It's a well-known fact that Microsoft dominate the software market despite these facts. Are they operating within legal and ethical boundaries? And is it possible that they could fall from grace because of this? `When you say "I wrote a program that crashed Windows", people just stare at you blankly and say "Hey, I got those with the system, *for free*".' (Linus Torvalds) Introduction Linux and Microsoft operating systems have been marketed very differently. The objectives of the two factions are very different indeed. One seems to be oriented towards market domination, market cornering and making the most amount of money it can, and the other towards creating a free, open source operating system. This may sound too simplistic with the two extremities, and may be a bit more complicated. This report will investigate into the differences in the way that the Linux and Microsoft operating systems have been developed and marketed, and how Microsoft...
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...Linux vs Windows has been a subject of debate since the inception of computers. As told by Severance, (2008) LINUX was originally developed at Bell Laboratories as a private research project by a small group of people starting in 1969. Linus Torvalds, who was then a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland, developed Linux in 1991. It was released for free on the Internet and generated the largest software-development phenomena of all time (Linux's History, 2000). Today LINUX owns about 10% of the market share and this has dropped in recent years as both Windows and Linux have increased their share of the available market with Linux currently holding about 20% (Galli, 2007). As noted by Windows History (2006), many long-time PC users trace the Microsoft Windows operating system to the 1990 release of Windows 3.0, the first widely popular version of Windows and the first version of Windows many PC users ever tried. However, Microsoft initially announced the Windows product seven years earlier and released the first version in 1983. In its early offerings, Windows was still based upon the Disk Operating System (DOS), but it brought a much needed Graphical User Interface (GUI) to the mainstream computer market and began and evolution (or revolution) of the computing industry which resulted in Microsoft owning about 70% of the world-wide market share (Galli, 2007). This paper will compare and contrast Ubuntu (Linux) and Windows 7 in the following areas:• History Operating...
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...Desktop vs. Mobile Research assignment Computer science 3B MUNWANA THENDO 201112421 TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 Mainstream kernel VS Mobile device kernel-----------------------------------------2 Difference between Windows and Windows RT----------------------------------- 3 Windows------------------------------------------------------------------------------.4 Windows RT--------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Comparison of Windows and Windows RT---------------------------------- 4-5 Difference between Linux and Android-------------------------------------------- 6-7 Difference between Mac...
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...Linux has grown in popularity and capability over the years, but is it competitive with its competition. In this paper an overview of the Linux 2.6 Operating System (OS) and how it functions/performs on the technical level will be discussed. Comparisons to other retail OSs such as, Windows, Mac OS X, and prior versions of Linux will be used to show the strengths and weaknesses of this OS. “Linux was created by a student (Linus Torvalds) in Helsinki in 1991 with the assistance of developers from around the world. Linux is free, it shares its work with everyone — including competitors — and its business model is motivated primarily by adrenaline, altruism, and peer respect rather than by money. Yet, Linux's functionality, adaptability and robustness has made it the main alternative for proprietary operating systems, especially where budgets are a main concern.” (OEDB, 2007). As it is stated above Torvalds creation was a key proponent in creating the Open Source Movement, which has paved the way for the many distributions of the Linux Kernel. In the beginning Linus Torvalds was an IT student with the desire to test the limits of his current computer. During this time Torvalds was working with the MINIX OS which was create to be a cheap alternative to UNIX. Torvalds wanted to modify the kernel of MINIX and found that this was not possible so he began to create Linux. In the beginning Linux did not offer a lot of features and seemed to be lacking in ability (Diedrich, 2011)...
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...Running head: UNIX vs. MS vs. MAC 1 CIS-155 Final - UNIX vs. MS vs. MAC UNIX vs. MS vs. MAC 2 Abstract This paper will explore the history of UNIX, Microsoft (MS), and Macintosh (MAC) operating systems. Not only will I discuss the history of these systems, but I will also dive into the pros and cons of each. The benefits of each over its rivals will also be discussed. Keywords: open source, UNIX, Windows, UNIX vs. MS vs. MAC 3 The topic of what operating system is best has been a long and heated one. But, in the long run, UNIX will beat its rivals in most categories hands down. As the reader will see throughout this paper, undisputed evidence will be presented that will detail exactly how UNIX based operating systems are superior. Operating systems (OS‘s) are a means for users to communicate with the computer. Each OS provides a set of commands for directing the operation of the computer. Without these operating systems to help as interfaces, each user would have to learn the command syntax, which can be very difficult. These operating systems can be menu-driven, which provides a set of menus and lets users choose desired functions from then, or they can be icon-driven, known as a graphical user interface (GUI). GUIs are very common these days and with them, users can choose an icon, usually with a mouse, to activate...
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...1-3 Short Paper: Open Source Operating Systems Southern New Hampshire University September 7, 2014 In 1991, Linus Torvalds created Linux and after a couple releases and improvements, the computer community caught on. Some advantages of the Linux Operating System are low cost, stability, performance, network friendliness, flexibility, compatibility, choice, fast and easy installation, full use of hard disk, multitasking, security and open source (Haas, 2014) . There is no major initial investment needed to obtain the Linux operating system. There is no fee for a license unlike Microsoft Windows. For comparative purposes, Windows 8.1 64-bit is retailing for 96.99 at BestBuy and 99.99 at Newegg.com. With no initial monetary investment, Linux gives many potential users an opportunity to try the OS. The ease of exposure to the Linux OS make it easier to increase adopters and faithful users of the OS. Linux’s stability can contributed to its user permission design. Linux runs with lowest permission levels possible which minimizes the possibility of damaging the system. Linux is written to survive in the way it keeps program memory space and system kernel resources separate (Cedar Valley Tech, 2009). Also since Linux is open-source, bugs are fixed by an army of ready developers who are not trapped within the confines of a software manufacturer. Though no operating system is perfect, Linux can run for years without needing to be restarted (Godbey, 2006). Linux performs well due...
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...successive lines of text (command lines). Summary: The video taught me that everything that was developed after series 9x of operating systems is built on the NT platform. Also the NT did not have a device manager or a hardware wizard as well as not supporting plug and play. I also learned that Linux was developed by a Finnish student named Linus Torvalds. This information is not really useful for me its old information that for me has no value unless I want to be a technology historian. Unit 8 Assignment 1 Video Summary 6 VIDEO #3.02 Topics: * Partitioning * Creating Partitions * Create/Delete Partitions Terms: * Partition - In personal computers, a partition is a logical division of a hard disk created so that you can have different operating systems on the same hard disk or to create the appearance of having separate hard drives for file management, multiple users, or other purposes. * FAT - File Allocation Table is a computer file system architecture and a family of industry-standard file systems utilizing it. * NTFS - New Technology File System, The primary Windows file system, starting with Windows NT. NTFS is required to implement various security and administrative features...
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...Operating Systems most favored by fortune 500 companies are Windows, Red Hat Linux and AIX. Operating Systems perform basic task that supports the use of input, the printers, drivers, keyboard and the display screen. The operating systems support different programs and users running on it at the same time. It also supports the security and user abilities. Operating systems provide software platforms on top of applications, like Java, Visual Basic etc. These applications have to be written to run operating systems. There are several choices of operating systems DOS, OS/2, Windows, AIX, and Linux. The two main operating systems are Windows and Linux/Unix. “And they have a competitive history and future” (Haas). Before we get into the technicalities of either operating system, let’s examine the environment that these two systems evolved from, or the culture from whence they came, if you will. “Corporate culture pertains to the identity and personality of the company we work with, either in the private or public sectors. All companies have a culture; a way they behave and operate. They may be organized and disciplined or chaotic and unstructured. Either way, this is the culture the company has elected to adopt” Brice, (2012). “Microsoft may appear to some people as a company without culture, but that impression changes upon entering the Sigma Building, which houses Microsoft Research Asia. Chatting with the great minds at Microsoft Research Asia, one is reminded...
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...created patches and fixes for bugs to improve the Linux OS use experience. Security Advantages and Disadvantages Linux and Windows Server share logical security mechanisms that work similar in principle. Both are advantages in their own right using different techniques to secure a network. The importance of network security and how users have access to a network can be maintained not only through best practices but, a strict policy as well. Linux and Windows Server use security mechanisms directly manipulated by the OS, called account privileges. The key advantage with this mechanism is how it assigns a user account privilege to folders and files within the operating system. Linux users are not assigned “root “privilege as default instead the user is assigned an account with low-level privilege. Setting read, write, and execute permissions for owner, group, and other users to give them access control to specific files and folders is usually controlled through the Command Line Interface (CLI) yet some distributions of Linux may also have a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that allows an administrator to change permissions. Windows Server is similar in the way is too assigns account privileges to users. The client/server architecture uses a similar mechanism to control how a user has access to resources and services on a network. The major difference is that Windows server relies on a graphical User Interface versus a shell with a command line to regulate access to files and folders...
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...for a wide range of functionality continues to enable programmers and students to use source code as a learning tool that sparks worldwide innovation! Open Source operating systems are usually free OS’s that can be manipulated via the source code format rather than the compiled binary code format, which is only available by closed source code. There are quite a few different open source code providers with the three most popular being GNU/Linux, BSD UNIX, and Solaris. Not only did the GNU/Linux open source operating system serve the standard OS features and function, it also produced many UNIX-compatible tools, including utilities, compilers and editors, but never released a kernel. The advantage of collaboration of the open source OS, Linus Torvalds, a student from Finland released a rudimentary UNIX-like kernel using the GNU compilers and tools and invented contributions worldwide. This is only one of the first examples of how the advantages of free software and open sourcing will continue to create, grow, and expand open source projects. These projects will continue to be shared between many individuals and companies, which will support the efforts and concepts of the GNU General Public License (GPL) establishment. One of the main characteristic of opens source OS’s is that...
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...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Information Systems & Technology | | |POS/355 Version 9 | | |MU12BIT08 | | |Introduction to Operational Systems | | |Wk 1 June 10 | | |Wk 2 June 17 | | |Wk 3 June 24 | | |Wk 4 July 01 | | |Wk 5 July 08 ...
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...Between Linux & Windows Operating Systems Lecturer/ Hadeel Tariq Al-Rayes Abstract—Comparisons between the Microsoft Windows and Linux computer operating systems are a long-running discussion topic within the personal computer industry. Throughout the entire period of the Windows 9x systems through the introduction of Windows 7, Windows has retained an extremely large retail sales majority among operating systems for personal desktop use, while Linux has sustained its status as the most prominent Free Software and Open Source operating system. After their initial clash, both operating systems moved beyond the user base of the personal computer market and share a rivalry on a variety of other devices, with offerings for the server and embedded systems markets, and mobile internet access. Linux and Microsoft Windows differ in philosophy, cost, versatility and stability, with each seeking to improve in their perceived weaker areas. Comparisons of the two operating systems tend to reflect their origins, historic user bases and distribution models. Index Term— Kernel, Linux, Operating Systems, Windows II. THE ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LINUX & WINDOWS (BEGINNERS LEVEL) 1- Drives don’t have letters, they have mountpoints The first thing that usually trips up people who come from Windows to Linux is that filesystems aren’t assigned letters the way they are in Windows. Instead, there is a single root filesystem whose path is “/”. If you must use the Windows analogy to help...
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...Windows® vs. Linux It was inevitable that operating systems—and computer system in general—at least in the year 2012, are not anything like those envisioned by science fictionists, novelists, and screen writers of the early and mid 20th century. For the most part, they saw computers as a single entity one system controlling everything, like a giant brain reaching out and serving each end-user anonymously. And there were surely no “blue screens of death.” Computers today come in hundreds of flavors. Let’s say you want a tablet instead of a keyboard, no problem. Need to run a multi-million dollar company with an extensive database from home? No problem. Interfaces and operating systems and software applications and hardware upgrades and I/O devices provide each and every person on the planet a customized computer experience. We should thank capitalism for many of the technological advances that have come about over the past fifty years. After all, money has a tendency to flow to the products that make our lives the most enjoyable. Three of the most notable advances in computer history are servers (formerly known as mainframes), Microsoft Windows, and the Linux operating system. Each one in its own right could fill volumes. However, the objective of this paper is to simply highlight a few of the most prominent features each of these advances has to offer. We will start with the most notorious MS Windows®. Microsoft has been in the computer industry...
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...◆ 3D Rendering in the Cloud ˇ c Martin D. Carroll, Ilija Hadzi´ , and William A. Katsak Many modern applications and window systems perform three-dimensional (3D) rendering. For a cloud system to support such applications, that 3D rendering must be performed in the cloud, because the end-user equipment cannot be relied upon to contain the necessary rendering hardware. All systems that perform 3D rendering in the cloud are faced with two fundamental and related problems: 1) How to enable an arbitrary number of users to produce rendered pixel streams, and 2) how to transfer those pixel streams out of the server’s frame buffers and into one or more encoders, for transmission to the user. We have implemented a new form of display virtualization that solves both of these problems in a low-level and transparent manner. Using our display virtualization (which we call the virtual cathode ray tube controller (VCRTC)), the cloud system can support an arbitrary number of pixel streams (bounded only by memory and bandwidth resources), and it can dynamically associate those streams with encoders. VCRTCs are completely transparent to the applications: No application needs to be modified, recompiled, or even relinked to use VCRTCs. Because they are low-level and transparent, VCRTCs are also a general mechanism with utility beyond cloud systems. © 2012 Alcatel-Lucent. Introduction Three-dimensional rendering is the process of transforming a model of a three-dimensional (3D) scene...
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