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Wireless Technology

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running head: WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Wireless technology
Justin Armstrong
Dr. Biswajit Panja
CIS 505
March 4, 2012

Objectives 1. Compare the pros and cons of 3GL and 4GL technology to determine the best uses of 3GL and 4GL technology in today’s applications. 2. Describe how an enterprise would use 3G, 4G, WAN, and WIMAX to improve business. Explain why they would use one (1) solution over the remaining three (3). 3. Analyze the changes in 4GL technology since the printing of the textbook in 2009 and identify those of importance for a user of 4GL technology. 4. Take a position on the following statement, “Wireless application protocol is a necessity for wireless communication organizations and their users.” Then, explain your position with supporting evidence.

Compare the pros and cons of 3GL and 4GL technology to determine the best uses of 3GL and 4GL technology in today’s applications.

So what are the benefits or otherwise of using a 3GL over a 4GL and vice versa. For me it certainly depends on all the usual factors that drive any technology decision. Cost of product, support, flexibility, the human factor, tool lifecycle, vendor direction and target platforms being a few that come to mind instantaneously. (Dare, 2008)
The pros of 3GL * 3GL’s are quicker to react to emerging markets and development trends: Generally the suppliers of these 3GL tools are inventing the future. They don’t often agree with each other but they certainly have the advantage over the 4GL creator. These guys have to wait and see what technology actually matures beyond the marketing hype and into mainstream best practice before committing to provide code generation for that area. * Flexibility: Languages at 3GL level, depending on the targeted platform, have virtually no restrictions with the type of application that can be written and how they are written. This means that applications where speed of performance is the critical measurement of success then it is most likely that a 4GL will fall short of the handwritten targeted code.
The cons of 3GL * Slower, more expensive development: The very nature and size of modern 3GL languages and their flexibility is also their Achilles Heel as there are so many ways to resolve a programming issue with literally thousands of opinions and many directions. In a nutshell for certain types of applications, particularly those that involve the extensive usage of a database, the ROI for using a 3GL versus a 4GL is very poor indeed. To contra some of the cost debate, 4GL tools are generally more expensive to purchase. The most expensive item in any development team is the human, even if it has been outsourced to an emerging development powerhouse. * Complexity: Once again due to the size of the languages and their strong reach it is unlikely that you will find developers that know all the aspects required to complete an application. Your staffing needs are generally much higher and the learning curve for the 3GL would be very significant indeed. This means that the developers must understand many technical as well as business problems.

Analyze the changes in 4G technology since the printing of the textbook in 2009 and identify those of importance for a user of 4G technology.

4G technology may provide a new wave in downloading capabilities for consumers regardless of which device they choose. Developers have established certain standards for the high performance capabilities of the 4G network; this service may be difficult to provide on existing cellular towers, however, as they number of users increases. Data transmission slows naturally when there is a large ratio of users to local towers. The United States Congress, with the implementation of digital television, increased available spectrum bandwidth, boosting the networks’ transmission capacity, but such technological improvements may not be enough for a full transition to 4G technology. (Smith, 2012)
Describe how an enterprise would use 3G, 4G, WAN, and WIMAX to improve business. Explain why they would use one (1) solution over the remaining three (3).

WiMAX is an IP based, wireless broadband access technology that provides performance similar to 802.11/Wi-Fi networks with the coverage and QOS (quality of service) of cellular networks. WiMAX is also an acronym meaning "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access." (WIMAX.com, 2012)
WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16, that is intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile stations. In contrast, the WiFi/802.11 wireless local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100 - 300 feet (30 - 100m). With WiMAX, WiFi-like data rates are easily supported, but the issue of interference is lessened. WiMAX operates on both licensed and non-licensed frequencies, providing a regulated environment and viable economic model for wireless carriers. At its heart, however, WiMAX is a standards initiative. Its purpose is to ensure that the broadband wireless radios manufactured for customer use interoperate from vendor to vendor. The primary advantages of the WiMAX standard are to enable the adoption of advanced radio features in a uniform fashion and reduce costs for all of the radios made by companies, who are part of the WiMAX Forum™ - a standards body formed to ensure interoperability via testing. The more recent Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard is a similar term describing a parallel technology to WiMAX that is being developed by vendors and carriers as a counterpoint to WiMAX. (WIMAX.com, 2012)
Take a position on the following statement, “Wireless application protocol is a necessity for wireless communication organizations and their users.” Then, explain your position with supporting evidence.
Most people would agree that there are more protocols associated with computing than you could shake a stick at, and it can be challenging trying to keep up with them all. So why do we need another protocol? The answer is very simple – because phones are not PCs. To be specific: most of the protocols in use today make a set of assumptions about the environment, such as the type of network that will be available (particularly from the point of view of bandwidth and reliability), the types of devices that will be accessing the services, and the types of services that will be accessed. These assumptions do not necessarily hold true in the wireless world. (Howell, 2012)
There are a number of differences in terms of the device itself:

* Form Factor — A mobile device needs to be small enough to move around, and ideally to be able to fit in the palm of your hand or carry in a shirt pocket. * CPU — In a mobile device, the CPU is not nearly as powerful as a desktop PC, and is almost certainly of a different architecture. * Memory and storage — This is a lot more constrained than on a PC, because handset manufacturers are cost-sensitive, and thus reluctant to add any additional components unless it is really necessary. Also some mobile devices do not have a persistent storage of their own. * Battery — Mobile devices are battery powered, and the need to have the device available for long periods of time means that the processing CPU cannot make significant demands on the battery. * Display — This is typically limited in size and resolution, and often cannot cope with color. * Input — Mobile devices typically do not have keyboards, or if they do they are limited in size. Therefore, input is more challenging than on a typical PC.
A wireless network is considerably different to a fixed-wire network. The bandwidth of the network is typically much smaller, at least at this point in time. Reliability profiles are considerably different, particularly where users move in and out of coverage areas, disappear into tunnels, and so on. Latency may also be an issue in wireless networks. An additional factor is that there are a number of mobile network standards in place across the world, and they do not interoperate seamlessly. Some countries even have incompatible standards in different regions. Finally, it is important to realize that the market is different where wireless applications are concerned. The types of applications that are suitable for use on mobile devices are not the same as those that are popular on fixed-wire environments. Typical users of mobile applications are likely to be a broader subset of the population than PC users. Even the context in which the applications are going to be used will be different. This highlights the most important aspect of mobile application design, which is to make the application easy to use in the context, and on the device that it will be accessed from. (Howell, 2012)

References
Dare, L. (2008, May 12). The great 3gl vs 4gl debate - part ii. Retrieved from http://leedare-plex2e.blogspot.com/2008/05/great-3gl-v-4gl-debate-part-ii.html
Howell, R. (2012, March 4). Wap overview. Retrieved from http://www.perfectxml.com/Conf/Wrox/Files/howell2text.pdf
Smith, A. (2012, March 4). What is 4g technology. Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-4g-technology.htm
WIMAX.com. (2012, March 4). What is wimax. Retrieved from http://www.wimax.com/general/what-is-wimax

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