...Women Offenders in the United States By the end of 2007, there were more than 1.27 million women in prison or jail or on parole or probation in the United States. The most common crimes for women offenders are drug related or property crimes. Education, or the lack thereof, is a major component in the incarceration of women. There are various rehabilitation programs for female inmates re-entering society, in hopes for them to become productive members of society once again. Besides the fact that they are incarcerated, there are many different emotional, health related, and family issues that women offenders have to deal with. Over the past 3 decades, the female prison population has risen 832%.Whether the motivator is money, addiction, pressure, or for self, there is a growing trend in the United States involving women, crime, and prison, and the statistics surrounding them are not only growing but disturbing. The rate of incarceration varies by race. By mid 2008 Caucasian females lead in incarceration rates over African American, Latino, and Asian offenders. An issue that was once taboo, has now become the norm. The person who was once looked upon as the backbone of the family and the household is slowly disappearing and becoming a leading statistic in our criminal justice system. When discussing criminal behavior, it was usually only seen from the crimes men committed; women offenders were rarely discussed mainly because female criminal behavior has been commonly...
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...Violence against women is not a new or recent phenomenon women have been the victims of violence all through the age, in all societies, cultures regions or religious communities in the world. It is indeed, ironic that in India, which has given rise to apostles of peace and non-violence, women have to bear the brunt of violence-domestic as well as public, physical as well as emotional and mental. Violence against women can be viewed in the historical perspective, for it is to a large extent, linked to her status in society. In the Vedic period, Indian women enjoyed a relatively comfortable position. Gradually violence against them beggar to be practised; the doors of educational, economic, social, political and cultural opportunities were gradually closed for them. Even their personal freedom in respect of movement, diet, dress, marriage, etc. comes to be curtailed. Every effort was made to make them meek and docile. Women also began to be enslaved and prostituted. All this brought them to the level of chattel or cattle. They became commodities which could be sold and purchased which could be tailored to perform different functions. Various obligations restrictions and regulations were imposed on them and different penalties and punishments were prescribed if women violated them. Thus violence against them came to have a societal sanction. Around the begging of the Christian era, Manu laid down the Hindu code. His laws insist that women must consider her...
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...CHAPTER-5 CRIME AGAINST WOMEN Although Women may be victims of any of the general crimes such as ‘Murder’, ‘Robbery’, ‘Cheating’, etc, only the crimes which are directed specifically against Women are characterised as ‘Crimes Against Women’. Various new legislations have been brought and amendments have been made in existing laws with a view to handle these crimes effectively. These are broadly classified under two categories. (1) affecting women significantly have been reviewed periodically and amendments carried out to keep pace with the emerging requirements. The gender specific laws for which crime statistics are recorded throughout the country are (i) Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (ii) Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (iii) Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986 (iv) Sati Prevention Act, 1987 The Crimes under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) Rape (Sec. 376 IPC) Kidnapping & Abduction for specified purposes (Sec. 363 373 IPC) Homicide for Dowry, Dowry Deaths or their attempts (Sec. 302/304-B IPC) Torture - both mental and physical (Sec. 498-A IPC) Molestation (Sec. 354 IPC) Sexual Harassment (Eve Teasing) (Sec. 509 IPC) Importation of girls (upto 21 years of age) (Sec. 366-B IPC) Reported Incidents of crime (Incidence…2,28,650) A total of 2,28,650 incidents of crime against women (both under IPC and SLL) were reported in the country during the year 2011 as compared to 2,13,585 incidences in the year 2010 recording an increase of 7.1% during...
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...Organized crime has been around for several decades and there is very little discussion about the women behind and beside the men in the business. Ma Barker, Opal Long, Victoria Gotti, and Renee Graziano, are some of the women with affiliations to organized crime families just to name a few. Although many may argue that they are very few women in organized crime, there are actually several women who have huge roles in organized crime families by being mothers, wives, daughters and even members. The FBI defines organized crime as any group having some manor of a formalized structure with the primary objectivity to obtain money through illegal activity. Such groups maintain their position through the use of actual or threatening violence, corrupt...
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...unable to respect, protect and nurture its women and children loses its moral moorings and runs adrift.” (The Hindu- Opinion Sept, 15 2012 ) Introduction: Centuries have come, and centuries have gone, but the plight of women is not likely to change. T ime has helplessly watched women suffering in the form of discrimination, oppression, exploitation, degradation, aggression, humiliation . In Indian society, woman occupies a vital position and venerable place. The Vedas glorified women as the mother, the creator, one who gives life and worshipped her as a ‘Devi' or Goddess. But their glorification was rather mythical for at the same time, in India women found herself totally suppressed and subjugated in a patriarchal society. Indian women through the countries remained subjugated and oppressed because society believed in clinging on to orthodox beliefs for the brunt of violence—domestic as well as public, Physical, emotional and mental . Male violence against women are worldwide phenomenon. Fear of violence is an important factor in the lives of most women. Fear of violence is the cause of lack of participation in every sphere of life. There are various forms of crime against women. Sometimes it is even before birth, some times in the adulthood and other phrases of life. In the Indian society, position of women is always perceived in relation to the man. This perception has given birth to various customs and practices. Violence against women both inside and outside of their home has...
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...Violence Agianst Women Violence and abuse against women is a global injustice of alarming proportions. Not only is this problem widely spread geographically, but it is also common among many people making it a typical accepted behavior. Only in recent years has the issue been brought to the open for concern and study. Incidents such as domestic violence are not isolated individual events, but rather a way for the abuser to command control over the woman. Unlike assaulting a complete stranger, domestic violence occurs in situations when the abuse is a reoccurring formality between abuser and victim. Up until recently abuse of this degree was common, and found in most societies. In this essay I will discuss the seriousness of domestic violence and it affect on women. Domestic violence or in this case abuse against women is caused specifically by the choice to engage in violent or abusive behavior. A number of factors can lead to that choice and the most common causes for that choice are chemical dependency problems with alcohol or drugs. Its shown that more then half of the incidents that occur are the cause of substance abuse. The affects of such substances can often make a person easily irritated or mentally imbalanced leading them to do things they wouldn't normally do while sober. Many people have seen abuse between parents and as adults may have issues distinguishing there actions from that of there parents making it hard for them to realize that what...
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...Violence and abuse against women is a global injustice of alarming proportions. Not only is this problem widely spread geographically, but it is also common among many people making it a typical accepted behavior. Only in recent years has the issue been brought to the open for concern and study. Incidents such as domestic violence are not isolated individual events, but rather a way for the abuser to command control over the woman. Unlike assaulting a complete stranger, domestic violence occurs in situations when the abuse is a reoccurring formality between abuser and victim. Up until recently abuse of this degree was common, and found in most societies. In this essay I will discuss the seriousness of domestic violence and it affect on women. Domestic violence or in this case abuse against women is caused specifically by the choice to engage in violent or abusive behavior. A number of factors can lead to that choice and the most common causes for that choice are chemical dependency problems with alcohol or drugs. Its shown that more then half of the incidents that occur are the cause of substance abuse. The affects of such substances can often make a person easily irritated or mentally imbalanced leading them to do things they wouldn't normally do while sober. Many people have seen abuse between parents and as adults may have issues distinguishing there actions from that of there parents making it hard for them to realize that what there doing is wrong. ...
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...Preventive Measures towards crime against women Violence against women is a technical term used to collectively refer to violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women. Similar to a hate crime, this type of violence targets a specific group with the victim's gender as a primary motive. The United Nations General Assembly defines "violence against women" as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life." The 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women noted that this violence could be perpetrated by assailants of either gender, family members and even the "State" itself. Worldwide governments and organizations actively work to combat violence against women through a variety of programs. A UN resolution designated 25 November as International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women. Although Women may be victims of any of the general crimes such as ‘Murder’, ‘Robbery’, ‘Cheating’, etc, only the crimes which are directed specifically against Women are characterised as ‘Crimes Against Women’. Various new legislations have been brought and amendments have been made in existing laws with a view to handle these crimes effectively. These are broadly classified under two categories. (1) The Crimes under the Indian Penal Code...
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...prostitute for several years. Since a life of prostitution was not providing the type of life she had hoped, Aileen decided that she would start robbing and murdering innocent men. | “I am a serial killer. I would kill again. I’m one who seriously hates human life and would kill again,” are the famous words of Aileen Wuornos during her trial as she was frustrated and infuriated (biography.com). Serial killers come in all shapes and sizes, races and genders. In the United States, serial killers are predominately white men, however, there are still women serial killers and they can be just as vicious as male serial killers. Few people associate women as being vicious and violent killers because of the misconception that women are sensitive, nurturing, and compassionate. Many women serials killers such as Aileen Wuornos use this misconception in an attempt to lure their victims and brutally kill them. Aileen Wuornos is considered the first women serial killer because she was the first woman to fit the FBI’s profile of a serial killer. The term “female serial killer” was definitely something new in the early 1990’s because it was very uncommon. Aileen Carol Wuornos was born on February 29, 1956 in Rochester, Michigan to teenage parents Leo Pittman and Diane Wuornos. Shortly after Aileen was born, her mother ran away and abandoned Aileen and her brother Keith. Aileen never really knew her father because he was in prison for sexual abuse and for raping a child. At an...
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...Indigenous women have the highest rape, molestation,domestic abuse,stalking,suicide and murder rates than any other race of women in the U.S. When indigenous americans as a whole only make up around 2% of the US population. 86% of crimes committed against indigenous women are committed by a person not of the same race. Many of these cases go unreported. Most these women do not report these crimes because of the belief that nothing will be done,while extremely heartbreaking this is often correct. In 2011, the U.S. Justice Department did not prosecute 65% of rape cases reported on reservations. Non-natives who commit these crimes that are considered misdemeanors on reservations are virtually immune from prosecution outside of the reservation....
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...This essay has five themes. First, jurisdiction has gender. Whenever power is being allocated between state and federal courts, one must ask not only how women are treated but how the allocation affects our understanding of the problems that belong to women and to men. By drawing jurisdictional lines, polities may also be drawing gender lines. We must probe both the jurisdiction in gender, and the gender in jurisdiction. Second, I counsel against assuming that any particular jurisdiction is necessarily a safe harbor for women's equality. Equality is not an artifact of the level of a court or of a government body but of who has power within it and what their commitments are. Therefore, I am opposed to what I have termed "categorical federalism," to rigid equation of any particular level of governance with a particular set of problems or a particular view of them. Laws are not unidimensional but often affect many aspects of a person's life. Opponents of VAWA who wanted to label it a statute about families and about crime were right to understand that it did implicate family life and street crime. But they were wrong to see the provision in only those terms. VAWA was also about the relationships among violence, commerce, and equal citizenship. But proponents of equal citizenship ought not to assume that national or transnational legislation could ever suffice to alter the material conditions of women's lives. They need to look to state as well as national and international efforts...
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...revolution in the history of women. The evidence is everywhere; the voice of women is increasingly heard in Parliament, courts and in the streets. While women in the West had to fight for over a century to get some of their basic rights, like the right to vote, the Constitution of India gave women equal rights with men from the beginning. Unfortunately, women in this country are mostly unaware of their rights because of illiteracy and the oppressive tradition. Names like Kalpana Chawla: The Indian born, who fought her way up into NASA and was the first women in space, and Indira Gandhi: The Iron Woman of India was the Prime Minister of the Nation, Beauty Queens like Aishwarya Rai and Susmita Sen, and Mother Teresa are not representative of the condition of Indian women. Over 32000 murders, 19,000 rapes, 7500 dowry deaths and 36500 molestation cases are the violent crimes reported in India in 2006 against women. There are many instances of crime especially against women go unreported in India. These are figures released by the National Crime Records Bureau recently. While Madhya Pradesh is worst off among the states, the national capital New Delhi continues to hold on to its reputation of being the most unsafe city in India. Delhi takes the top slot for crimes ranging from murders and rapes to dowry deaths and abductions. It reflects country's law and order situation when its capital is a cauldron of crime. Instead of leading the way in tackling crime, Delhi only seems to do worse...
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...Crime against women. Image Credit: Indian Express. Crime is an act of wrong doing by voluntary and intentionally. It is very dangerous to the individual and the society. Generally, it involves the violation of social law, moral law and country’s law with the objective to cause harm or injury to other. According to Paul Tappan ‘Crime is an intentional act or omission in violation of criminal law committed without defense or justification’. Mowrer has defined crime as an anti social act. The Oxford English Dictionary defines ‘it is an action which constitutes a serious offence against an individual or the State and is punishable by law. Cause of Crime against Women (1) Situational Cause: The criminal are always active around such places. The crime is committed because of neither of the victim’s behavior nor of the offender’s psychopathological personality, but rather, because of the chance factor like working women or college girl living alone away from home, women coming alone from their working place or parties at late night. Conflict over money matters, ill treatment of husband’s parent may provoke the husband to assault his wife or man employer taking advantage of his female employee finding her alone in his office which creates such situations. (2) Man’s Supremacy: Violence against women is an outcome of the social structure and ideology of gender domination. Man always keeps his supremacy over his wife and other female members of his families. (3) Effect of moves, cheap...
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...Prateek Sharma | PG20111185 | Submitted to | Ms. Mehak Bansal | Subject | Problem Framing | Submitted on | 13-04-2012 | Marks Allotted | | Remarks(if any) | | In NCR the crimes against women are on a high. Incidents of molestation, rape and murder are quite frequent – the recent being the incident of rape outside a nightclub in Gurgaon. Haryana Police has directed all nightclub owners and other commercial enterprises not to allot work shift to women after 8 o'clock in the night. This stance of police has come under a lot of flak from different quarters. “A woman who worked at a Gurgaon pub was gang-raped” “21-year-old Radhika Tanwar was shot dead by a suspected stalker in New Delhi” “23-year-old girl was allegedly abducted and gang-raped in a moving car by a neighbour and his friends in Noida” These are some instances showing crime rate against women in National Capital Region. The Delhi-NCR region has thrown up numerous such instances of police apathy in rape cases. When asked to explain the rising instances of rape, the cops have invariably blamed the women, an array of extraneous factors or resorted to specious arguments instead of looking inwards and focusing on police reforms. The most disturbing aspect of this is the rank misogyny that underlies it. Crime against National Capital Region is alarming. Usually every day a single case of rape is reported in every city area of India. So it is wrong to say NCR alone. But The National Capital Region...
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...Figure of Speech A figure of speech is the use of a word or words diverging from its usual :meaning. It can also be a special repetition, arrangement or omission of words with literal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it, as in idiom, metaphor, simile, hyperbole, or personification. Figures of speech often provide emphasis, freshness of expression, or clarity. However, clarity may also suffer from their use, as any figure of speech introduces an ambiguity between literal and figurative interpretation. A figure of speech is sometimes called a rhetorical figure or a locution. Not all theories of meaning have a concept of "literal language" (see literal and figurative language). Under theories that do not, figure of speech is not an entirely coherent concept. Rhetoric originated as the study of the ways in which a source text can be transformed to suit the goals of the person reusing the material. For this goal, classical rhetoric detected four fundamental operations[1] that can be used to transform a sentence or a larger portion of a text: expansion, abridgement, switching, and transferring. Simile A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two different things, usually by employing the words "like" or "as"... "if " or "than" are also used though less commonly. A simile differs from a metaphor in that the latter compares two unlike things by saying that the one thing is the...
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