...important role in the development of Europe. In his book The Night Battles, Carlo Ginzburg gives a unique perspective on the lives of Friulian peasants through the analysis of inquisitorial records. During the inquisitions, peasants were categorized as witches or benandanti, which literally means well-farer. “The benandanti were a small group of men and women, who because they were born with a caul, were regarded as professional antiwitches. They told inquisitors that, in dreams, they fought ritual battles against witches and wizards to protect their villages and harvests from harm.” (Ginzburg. Back Cover) Although the lives of the benandanti were more exciting and dangerous, similarities do exist between ordinary peasants of early modern Europe and the Friulian benandanti. From the way they lived their lives and were uneducated, to the way they stuck together and were easily manipulated, the Friulian peasant and the ordinary early modern peasant share several characteristics. One of the major similarities between the benandanti peasants described by Carlo Ginzburg in The Night Battles, and the ordinary peasant from the early modern period is the importance of agriculture and farmland. Of the many characteristics that define a benandanti, perhaps the most reoccurring is that they are all defenders of their crops and farmland. The Friulian peasants revolved their lives around agricultural cycles. Their calendar revolved around these agricultural cycles as exhibited by the Ember seasons...
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...Edwardian Era The time period of the Edwardian Era in England was a period of sexual politics, mindless triviality, tensions between social security and individual freedom and wavering belief in God and religion. The Edwardian age is sometimes called the "golden age" where extravagant parties and high fashion are all everyone cares about. First impressions and formalities are so important; they matter more than freedom of speech and expression. Women have many restrictions placed upon them. Duty is more important than love. People who are unique or different are to be shunned by society. These are the rules of the early modern era in which Forster wrote his novel, A Room with a View. The issues of class snobbery and a too formal and strict society play a large part in Forster’s, A Room with a View indicating it was written in the Edwardian Age. The upper-middle class is the dominant class of society in England. These people are the tourists that fill the British pensions in Italy. They valued coherence to the rules set by society and would not accept anyone different who did not value or follow the rules. Another big part of normal society knows how to act accordingly under the circumstances. A young lady must always have control over emotions and maintain good composure. Mr. Emerson does not believe intact. He has not taught his son George the formalities of social gatherings or how to be chivalrous. George does what his heart tells him. So when Lucy suddenly falls in...
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...Modern age is an age of science. Modern science is nothing but a skill magician. It has made our life easy and comfortable. One after one, it is providing the mankind with wonders. It has absolutely conquered the indomitable forces of nature. The wonders of modern science are not fully illustrated in a short composition. Electricity is the first wonder of modern science. It is the first driving force of modern civilization. Electric-power is used for various purposes. Without it, the advancement of modern science is Impossible. Computer is a fairly recent invention. It has now become an essential part of modern life. It is often contribution of modern science. There is hardly any sector in our life where we do not use computer. In agricultural, medical, educational, communication and transportation sectors, we have been able to attain great achievements with the help of computer. Science has done miracle in the field of medical science. It has enabled men to fight diseases effectively. In our time everyone hopes to live longer than his forefathers Biopsy and Ultrasonography, E.C.G, Ultra-Violet Ray, X-Ray and Penicillin are the wonders of modern science in the field of medical science. Besides, there are many other inventions of modern science against many other fatal diseases. Science has created wonders in the fields of communication. Telephone, telex, fax, wireless, telegram, E-mail etc. are great wonders. They have brought the world closer to us. We can send news...
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...University of Phoenix Material Effects of Mass Media Worksheet Write brief 250-to 300-word answers to each of the following: |Questions |Answers | |What were the major developments in the |In the 21st century, rabid fans could turn their attention to a whole swath of pop stars | |evolution of mass media during the 20th |in | |century? |the making when the reality TV program American Idolhit the airwaves in 2002. The show was| | | | | |the only television program ever to have snagged the top spot in the Nielsen ratings for | | |six | | |seasons in a row, often averaging more than 30 million nightly viewers. Rival television | | |network | | |executives were alarmed, deeming the pop giant “the ultimate schoolyard bully,” “the Death| | ...
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...Qihui Zheng 01/28/2011 EH205 Essay 2 When and why did London grow so much faster than other early modern capitals? By examine the key differences among Paris, Madrid, and London, I argue that from1650 to1750, the reason why London boosted in terms of demographic expansion and market integrations is that -- instead of creating market disorder by demanding cheap supply of goods from other places, emphasizing social privileges and over consumptions, London attracted spontaneous business exchange in market among different groups of people. In section I, by doing a brief literature review on E. A. Wrigley, D. R. Ringrose and other important authors, we may have a basic understanding of the demand and supply market mechanism and its relationship with population, internal market and functions of capitals. In section II, we will analyze how the functions of capital, such as exercising political power to satisfy a particular interest, can affect the demand and supply of market and demographic composition. In section III, we study further how the functions of capital such as price determination can change the economic development of the capital itself and its surrounding industrial and agricultural areas. At the end, we should see that London did a better job integrating the urban-rural market during 1650-1750. Literature Review From 1650 to 1750, London grew much faster than other continental capital cities. There is little debate on the time as shown in table 1 and 2 below...
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...The main epochal innovation of the early modern period that marked the nineteenth century, was the development of navigational related techniques that allowed for the discovery of America and of an all-water route to the Orient (Cameron & Neal, 2003). These feats were considered some of the greatest events ever recorded and played a large part in economic history. One of the first fundamental innovations was the significant developments in steam engine technology, which allowed for many different contributions. This included lighter, stronger metals, more precise tools, and a better sense of scientific knowledge, including mechanics, calorimetry, metallography, the theory of gases and also the embryonic science of thermodynamics. It also led to the use of steam engines to propel steamboats and locomotives, and thereby, increasing the efficiency of engines greatly (Cameron & Neal, 2003). The expansion of the steel industry also had a large impact. Steel rails, which were used for railways, lasted much longer and were also safer than iron rails. Steel plates that were used in the process of shipbuilding produced larger, lighter, and faster ships. Steel beams also made it possible to construct skyscrapers as well as many other structures. Another innovations which furthered economic development was transportation and communication. In terms of transportation, railways offered a cheap and fast way to transfer goods and people, and steamships also played a major role...
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...During sixteenth and seventeenth century early modern Europe, demonic possession was a common occurrence, explained predominantly through religion and psychiatry. Demonic spirits were known to inflict the mind and cause an individual to act out of the ordinary. Although possession is more commonly associated with mental illness in today’s world, it can still be seen in modern religion and psychiatry. However, emphasis on the church was much more popular in early modern Europe, as it was believed that any individual who was possessed was in dire need of an exorcism from a priest. This alludes to the importance and authority of the church during this time period. Furthermore, a gender bias existed in regard to demonic possession and exorcisms, as it was far more likely for a woman to be declared possessed than a man. This study looks at the concept of demonic possession in early modern Europe and argues that during the Reformation Era, both Catholics and Protestants utilized the concept of demonic possession to legitimize their religion to society and their respective followers. Religious conflict during the sixteenth and seventeenth century helped to cement the...
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...History 103g Did Women Have An Early Modern Europe During the emergence of the Early Modern Europe, nations were known to have developed both intellectually and culturally. Movements such as the Renaissance, Reformation, religious wars, scientific revolution, industrialization, Enlightenment, and French Revolution had brought about the nations’ development in terms of thoughts, expressions, and societal and political issues that characterized the Early Modern Europe. New knowledge was increasingly acquired. New thoughts on religion, natural, and political philosophy were increasingly developed. New instruments and machines were increasingly invented. Yet, only the males contributed to most of these tremendous developments, questioning whether or not women have an Early Modern Europe. Thus, to conclude whether women did experience an Early Modern Europe, women’s role on the movements that characterized the Early Modern Europe would have to be assessed. The period of the Renaissance was characterized by the emergence of a cultural movement, ‘humanism’, and classical art and architecture that are naturalistic, realistic, and humanistic. During this period, classical ideas were reintroduced in the increasing works of humanists and artists. Such include Petrarch’s ‘Rules for the Successful Ruler’, Machiavelli’s ‘From the Discourses on Livy’, Leonardo da Vinci’s ‘Vitruvian Man’, and Dürer’s ‘Adam and Eve’. These primary sources are all the works of male humanists and artists...
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...attention to women of this time and the roles they played. Abbott discusses early Umayyad Caliph's and their wives, giving awareness to Uthman and Na'ilah as well as Mu'awiyah and Maisun bint Bahdal. Each of these matches is portrayed by Abbott as somewhat equal or at least a mutual respect between the couples. But as time wore on slowly the ideal Arab wife was being infringed upon by the harems that the elite Umayyads were setting up. Filling their halls with slave women from far off lands, such as Persia. An example of the impact that these women had on the Caliph can be seen during Walid I reign, where although he had eight different free Arab wives only one borne him any children, the rest of his off spring came from his servant girls. This shows that Walid I preferred these foreign women to those of his own Arab decent. Abbott states that with the rise of the Umayyad Empire came a change in the political status of Arab women. Pride and race and other virtues were gradually receding into the background. With the accession of Yazid III dealt the royal Arab women a hard blow since the sons of the harem wives stood up to become the next heir. With this the Arab Islamic women officially became a prisoner with in the political society. In the conclusion of this chapter Abbott blames Arab women as the case for the decline in the status of Muslim women, saying if such wives as Umm al-Hajjaj (Yazid II) had not catered to the harems of their husbands than perhaps the women would have...
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...I do not believe it was a radical departure from the middle ages, instead of a radical departure, I believe it was simply a start of early modern period. The renaissance happened over centuries, many of the influential artist from the renaissance were separated by 100 years. Most of the changes were happening in the wealthy societies and not so much the poorer ones, which made up most of the population. The renaissance was a significant departure from the middle ages in history to us now, the major changes were more impactful collectively, however it was not as noticeable to people at the time it was happening. Parents were not telling their children, “okay kids hold onto your hats the rebirth is here!” The Renaissance was the start of the...
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...Even though women have been creating art since the beginning of the Homo sapiens species it was not until the late 1960’s and 1970’s when female artists began to receive the recognition they deserved for their talent and art. Early women in the world of art have been faced with challenges due to gender biases, often being encountered with difficulties when it came to training, traveling, selling their art, as well as even receiving credit for their own work. However, even with so many obstacles facing early women artists, some managed to be an exception and become successful fine artists of their time. What did this handful of women do differently to become successful and break barriers for their time? Dating back to the prehistoric area up...
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...Women’s Voice in Literature In the late 1800s and early 1900s, women’s roles evolved from mere housewives to passionate activists who were fighting for rights to their share of the American dream. The main goal of the women participating in the fight was the right vote. In an effort to rally more to their cause, women used not only organized protests but employed literature to speak out. Written during this time period, “The Yellow Wallpaper” and “Trifles” are works that portray women as passive timid beings that should listen to their counterparts. These two pieces were composed to expose the outrageous manner in which women were regarded. On the other hand, “Canceled” is a contemporary piece which depicts the female character as a strong independent individual with her own ideas. Today, women have fought and prevailed to secure rights that rival those of men. Although women have not achieved fully equal rights as men, “Canceled” illustrates the modern social acceptance of a woman dominated relationship. All three pieces are portrayals of women’s identities and social expectations of the time period in which they were written and each reveals how women today have progressed to establish a more equal role between men and women over the last century. In all three pieces, regardless of the time period, the female characters are presented as being trapped in their relationship. The narrator in “The Yellow Wallpaper” is forced to comply with her husband’s wishes to how...
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...persuasiveness of the new economic history. It is solidly rooted in statistical data and uses sophisticated methods of economic analysis but its analysis is presented in plain English. He argues that the first industrial revolution occurred in northwestern Europe because its high wages during the early modern period encouraged technological innovation. Although high wages were initially a consequence of the demographic disaster of the Black Death, they were reinforced during the early modern period by the economic success of the region around the North Sea, first, in European trade and manufacturing, especially in wresting the textile industry from the Italians, and then in world trade. According to Allen, the first industrial revolution took place in Britain instead of the Low Countries primarily because of Britain’s abundant and cheap coal resources, combined with the central government’s ability to use mercantilist policies and naval power to reap the greatest benefits from an expanding European and world trade. Once it had taken the lead from the Dutch, and defeated the French, Britain used its comparative advantage to consolidate its dominant position through free trade until the late Victorian period when its technological innovations spread to its competitors. While he agrees that the political, cultural and scientific context of British industrialization was important to its primacy, his approach does not claim, as many interpretations have, that British, and later European and American...
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...Transformations of the 1920s By: Emma Hudson The 1920s catapulted us into modern society. It brought great changes in music, art, science, and literature. There was a dark side to this time period such as bootlegging, racism and violence in the workplace, but fashion, jazz, and Women’s Suffrage brought progress to the nation. A lot of today’s growth is due to the 1920s and we don’t even know it. The 1920s brought a new mentality into the world, especially for women. On August 18, 1920 women won the right to vote and in this same time period the number of working women increased by 25%. Women became teachers, nurses, social workers and librarians. “The women of this generation grew up when the advertising industry was rapidly...
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...May 25, 1914, d. May 5, 2012) aka Anita Magsaysay, Anita Magsaysay Ho Styles: Philippine Modern, Neo-Realism Subjects: Philippine genre scenes, landscapes, harvest and market scenes, female nudes Anita Magsaysay-Ho is a Philippine painter, considered by many to be one of the most important and gifted Philippine modernists. In 1958, a panel of experts assembled by the Manila Chronicle named her one of the 6 most outstanding painters in Philippine history. Magsaysay-Ho’s best known canvases, which often have both realist and stylized aspects, celebrate the beauty of Philippine women engaged in everyday tasks. Magsaysay-Ho was born in Manila in May, 1914, the daughter of Ambrosio Magsaysay, an engineer, and Armilla Corpus. Anita’s first cousin, Ramon Magsaysay, served as President of the Philippines from December of 1953 until his death in a 1957 plane crash. Beginning her studies at the University of the Philippines School of Fine Arts at the age of 13 -- accompanied by a nanny -- she studied with Fabian de la Rosa, Vicente Rivera y Mir and also Fernando and Pablo Amorsolo. Fernando Amorsolo was her landscape teacher, while Pablo Amorsolo taught her drawing. She also received private tutoring from the noted cartoonist Ireneo Miranda. She recieved additional instruction at the UP’s School of Design where her instructors included Victorio Edades and Enrique Ruiz, and at the "Atelier of Modern Art" founded by Edades. In the 1930s Anita Magsaysay travelled to the United States where...
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