...CHAPTER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION The concept of micro finance is not new in the world, sub-Sahara Africa and in Kenya. Savings and credit groups have operated for centuries all over the world. They include the Chit Funds of India, Tandas in Mexico, and Arisan in Indonesia. In Africa such groups consist the “Susu” of Ghana, BOSCA of Botswana, ADESSI of Burkina Faso, ACCORD of Uganda, Zusa of Zambia among others. In Kenya on the other hand Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) include Faulu Kenya, Kenya Women Finance Trust (KWFT), KUSCCO (Kenya Union of Savings and Credit Cooperatives), Economical Locus Fund (ECLOF), Small and Medium Enterprise Programme (SMEP), Kenya Small Traders and Entrepreneurs Society (KSTES), the Kenya Post Savings Bank (KPSOB) and Vintage Management (Jitegemee Trust). Microfinance is the provision of financial services to low income households and micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). The sector provides an enormous support to the economic activities of the poor thus contributing to poverty alleviation. Micro finance is usually understood to entail the provision of financial services to micro entrepreneurs and small businesses, which lack access to banking and related services due to the high transaction costs associated with serving these clients’ categories. The two main mechanisms for the delivery of financial services to such clients are relationship based banking for individual entrepreneurs and small businesses; and group based models, where...
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...undersigned, declare that this project is my original work and that it has not been presented in any other university or institution for academic credit. KIBET K DENNIS BCOM/ GC/543/11/12 Signature.................................................... Date.................................... Declaration by the Supervisors This research project has been submitted for examination with our approval as university supervisors. Dr. Gedion Omwono Catholic University of Eastern Africa, GABA Campus Signature.................................................... Date.................................... ABSTRACT This study discusses the effects of Microfinance credit on the performance of Small and Medium enterprises in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. This study was guided by the following research questions, what are the effects of MFIs credit on the growth of SMEs capital? How does MFIs credit effect growth of SMEs human resource? To what extend does MFIs credit improve financial assistance towards SME growth? Why is...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction Financial services firms are in the business of accepting risk. Primary aims of any financial services firm are collect and manage risks on behalf of their customers and make a profit for its shareholders. We may define ‘Risks’ as uncertainties resulting in adverse outcome, adverse in relation to planned objective or expectations. In the financial arena, enterprise risks can be broadly categorized as credit risk, operational risk, market risk and other risk. Credit risk is the oldest and important risk which banks exposure and important of credit risk and credit risk management are increasing with time because of some reasons like economic crises and stagnation, company bankruptcies, infraction of rules in company accounting and audits, growth of off-balance sheet derivatives, declining and volatile values of collateral, borrowing more easily of small firms, financial globalisation and BIS risk-based capital requirements. Credit risk can be defined as the risk of losses caused by the default of borrowers. Default occurs when a borrower can not meet his financial obligations. Credit risk can alternatively be defined as the risk that a borrower deteriorates in credit quality. This definition also includes the default of the borrower as the most extreme deterioration in credit quality. Credit risk is managed at both the transaction and portfolio levels. But, banks increasingly measure and manage the credit risk on a portfolio basis instead of on a loan-by-loan...
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...Evaluation of Micro-Finance Programmes in Kenya as Supported through the Dutch Co-Financing Programme With a focus on KWFT Otto Hospes Muli Musinga Milcah Ong’ayo November 2002 Study commissioned by: Steering Committee for the Evaluation of the Netherlands’ Co-financing Programme 3 Contents List of contributors List of abbreviations Acknowledgements 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2 Introduction Background and objectives Legitimization and overall objective of Dutch CFAs to support micro-finance programmes Partners of Dutch CFAs operating in the micro-finance market of Kenya Central questions Organization and methodology Process implementation and limitations of the study Structure of the report A brief description of micro-finance in Kenya and agencies as supported by Dutch CFAs Micro-finance in Kenya 2.1.1 The emergence of micro-finance as an industry 2.1.2 Types of micro-finance agencies in Kenya 2.1.3 Service delivery approaches 2.1.3.1 Savings services 2.1.3.2 Loan products 2.1.4 Outreach 2.1.4.1 Banks 2.1.4.2 NGO-MFAs 2.1.4.3 Savings and Credit Co-operatives (SACCOs) 2.1.4.4 ROSCAs and ASCRAs A profile of micro-finance agencies and schemes as supported by Dutch CFAs 2.2.1 General profile 2.2.2 Specific profiles 2.2.2.1 K-REP Development Agency (KDA) 2.2.2.2 Kenya Women Finance Trust (KWFT) 2.2.2.3 Jitegemea Credit Scheme (JCS) 2.2.2.4 PRIDE Africa – Sunlink Some conclusions 7 9 11 13 13 15 16 17 17 18 19 21 21 21 23 25 26 28 28 31 33 35 35 36 36 37...
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...Rabeya feels secured about her future Ms. Rabeya Boshri a beneficiary of the "Jonaki Samiti" of Coast Trust, Cox's Bazar is a successful borrower of microcredit loan operations. She lives with her husband, Mr. Abdus Salam, a daughter and two sons. At present all her children go to school and she is able to bear both the educational and family expenses. Along with that she is now able to make some personal savings additional to general savings of "Jonaki samiti". But things were not the same even few years earlier. Her husband was a day labourer and it was very hard to bear family expenses with his single income. Their life was becoming tougher day by day and Rabeya wanted to do a bit by herself to help her husband from this growing desolation. One day she came to know that a samiti named "Jonaki" operated by Coast Trust, provides loan wih nominal conditions for a number of Income Generating Activities (IGAs). Sooner she spoke to the Chairperson of the "Jonaki Samiti" and became a memeber of that samity. After accomplishing all the regulations together with general savings she got her first loan installment of Taka 7000. She invested the money in vegetable cultivation. Subsequently she was able to sell some amount of vegetable per week after meeting her own family demand which helped her husband with additional income. In the intervening time she was able to save Taka 3000 along with the ragular savings of samiti and gradually she repaid the loan. After the repayment of...
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...Checking your readiness 12 Case studies 13 Action points 15 2 Finding Ideas 16 Looking right in front of you 16 Cashing in on change 17 Carving a niche 18 Acquiring commercial skills 20 Working on your self-esteem 20 Choosing a trading name 21 Checking your readiness 24 Case studies 24 Action points 26 3 Creating a Winning Business Plan 27 Planning ahead 27 Making sure the plan is yours 30 Your blueprint for success 30 Getting help from the public sector 36 Getting help from the banks 36 Checklist 37 Constructing your 'blueprint for success' 38 Case studies 43 Exercises 45 4 Funding Your Enterprise 46 Getting your hands on some seed money 46 Start-up costs 46 Getting outside finance 49 Approaching the public sector 50 Approaching potential funders 54 The plan that will fix your funding 58 Presenting your case 61 Checklist 62 Case studies 63 Action points 65 5 Planning Ahead 66 Choosing a partner 66 Case studies: going into partnership 69 Measuring the competition 71 Competitive analysis 75 Finding the right premises 77 The systems you will need 79 Deciding your business status 80 Understanding the basics of taxation 81 Preparing to survive - and succeed 84 Case studies 85 Action points 87 6 Marketing Your Enterprise 89 Debunking the marketing myth 89 Creating the right personal image 90 Marketing research 95 Above the line promotion 97 Avoiding mistakes in small business marketing 99 Case studies 103 Action points 104 7 Cultivating...
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...Evolution The origins of the State Bank of India can be traced back two hundred years to the establishment of the Bank of Calcutta. The keen interest shown by the directors of the bank in maintaining records found an echo in 1975 when R.K. Talwar, a former chairman of the State Bank, commissioned an account of the bank's evolution from its earliest days. Banking in those days was a far cry from what it is today-an unbiased, uniform system that has led to increased purchasing power across classes. At the time, even though the rupee was the unifying currency, there also existed a confusing array of coinage whose value could vary by the region. Besides the cowrie-sea shells brought in from the Maldives-were the sicca, the Arcot rupee, notes issued by various banks and copper, silver and gold coins that the British tried to introduce as a standard coinage. Only the wealthy Indians and the Europeans had any use for bank notes-for the greater part of the population even the lowly copper coin had a purchasing power beyond their day-to-day needs. Rates of interest, while regulated for the banks to a maximum of 12 per cent, were exorbitant for the peasants, labourers and artisans with 50 per cent being fairly standard. The organizational set-up had its own share of anomalies, with salaries far lower for Indians than Europeans. The highest an Indian could aspire to was the position of khazanchee, a thankless job whose responsibility was equal to that of the secretary and treasurer...
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...e eBook Collection RESEARCH METHODS FOR BUSINESS A Skill-Building Approach Fourth Edition Uma Sekaran Southern Illinois University at Carbondale John Wiley & Sons, Inc. http://www.wiley.com/college ACQUISITIONS EDITOR MARKETING MANAGER SENIOR PRODUCTION EDITOR SENIOR DESIGNER PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SERVICES COVER IMAGE Jeff Marshall Ilse Wolfe Patricia McFadden Harry Nolan Hermitage Publishing Services José Ortega/Stock Illustration Source This book was set in 10/12 Garamond by Hermitage Publishing Services and printed and bound by Malloy Lithographing, Inc. The cover was printed by Von Hoffmann Press, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 2003 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: PERMREQ@WILEY.COM. To order books please...
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...DAIRY REPORTS DAIRY DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN DAIRY REPORTS DAIRY DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN Umm e Zia, T. Mahmood and M.R. Ali FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2011 Author Umm e Zia is the Managing Director of Cynosure Consultants in Islamabad. She has supported international donors and governments in undertaking rural development and agriculture value chain projects in over ten countries. T. Mahmood is a dairy consultant based in Lahore, Pakistan. He also serves as a visiting faculty member at the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. Muhammad Raza Ali is Senior Research Associate at Cynosure Consultants. Recommended Citation FAO. 2011. Dairy development in Pakistan, by Umm e Zia, T. Mahmood and M.R. Ali. Rome. Keywords Production systems, Dairy value chain, Dairy institutions, Product safety, Livelihoods, Employment The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are...
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...…..Page 4 -Introduction (some background on tourism in Denmark)………………………4 -Problem formulation/ hypothesis -Research objective (what do we want to achieve in this research……………………………………………………………5 - Delimitation………………………………………………………………..........6 * chapter two……………………………………………………………………….7 - History of leisure tourism …………………………………………………......7-8 - Definition of theory…………………………………………………………..9-12 - Analysis of the Campaign, how does VisitDenmark promote domestic tourism……………………………………………………………………… 13-19 - Danish outbound tourism…………………………………………………...20-22 * chapter three………………………………………………………………….....23 - Research methodology……………………………………………………...23-25 - Research design……………………………………………………………..25-26 - Area under study………………………………………………………..............26 -Target population……………………………………………………………27-28 - Sampling techniques………………………………………………………..28-29 - Instrument for data collection……………………………………………..........29 * chapter four……………………………………………………………………..30 -Findings and Analysis……………………………………………………….30-35 * chapter...
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...Designing Staff Incentive Schemes to Balance Social and Financial Goals September 2006 By: Mattias Grammling and Martin Holtmann Using Staff Incentive Schemes to Balance Social and Financial Goals ii Contents Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................................... iii 1 Introduction: The Role of Staff Incentives to Balance Social And Financial Goals.......................... 1 2 Balancing Social And Financial Goals................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Social and financial goals of MFIs .................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Operational perspectives on balancing social and financial goals ..................................................... 3 3 Designing Staff Incentive Schemes That Balance Social And Financial Goals.................................. 6 3.1 Principles for designing staff incentive schemes ............................................................................... 6 3.1.1 Fairness .........................................................................................................................................................................6 3.1.2 Transparency ........................................................................................................................................................
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...MODULE ONE THEORY AND CONCEPT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP STUDIES Learning Objectives At the end of this module students should be able to; Discuss the origin of Entrepreneurship Define the concept “Entrepreneur” List the roles and characteristics of an Entrepreneur State the motivational factors of Entrepreneurship. UNIT ONE: ORIGIN AND CONCEPTS OF ENTREPRENEUR AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP Objectives: At the end of this unit students should be able to; Compare and contrast the various definitions of Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship. 1.2. Differentiate between Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship. List five contributions to the study of Entrepreneurship. Introduction Businesses are any undertaking created for the purpose of creating utility. Utility is simply the satisfaction derived from consuming certain goods and services. Businesses are created by a special kind of labour which is also referred to as the entrepreneur. Entrepreneur is regarded as a special kind of labour because not all labour possesses entrepreneurial abilities which enable them to start a business from the scratch. Thus, entrepreneurship is simply the establishment of a new business or business enterprise or venture. This Unit looks at the development of the concept of entrepreneurship and the various ways in which this concept can be defined. Quick Review questions I. Businesses are not any undertaking created for the purpose of creating utility...
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...ANALOGY EXERCISE A Directions: In each of the following questions,there is a certain relationship between two given words on one side of : : and one word is given on another side of : :while another word is to be found from the given alternatives,having the same relation with this word as the words of the given pair bear. Choose the correct alternative. 1 . Moon : Satellite : : Earth :? (A) Sun (B) Planet (C)Solar System (D) Asteroid Ans: (B) Explanation: Moon is a satellite and Earth is a Planet . 2 . Forecast : Future : : Regret :? (A) Present (B) Atone (C)Past (D)Sins Ans: (C) Explanation: Forecast is for Future happenings and Regret is for past actions . 3. Influenza : Virus : : Typhoid : ? (A) Bacillus (B)Parasite (C)Protozoa (D) Bacteria Ans: (D) Explanation: First is the disease caused by the second . 4. Fear : Threat : : Anger : ? (A)Compulsion (B)Panic (C)Provocation (D)Force Ans: (C) Explanation: First arises from the second . 5. Melt : Liquid : : Freeze : ? (A)Ice (B)Condense (C)Solid (D)Crystal Ans: (C) Explanation: First is the process of formation of the second . 6. Clock : Time : : Thermometer : ? (A)Heat (B)Radiation (C)Energy (D)Temperature Ans: (D) Explanation: First is an instrument used to measure the second . 7. Muslim : Mosque : : Sikhs : ? (A)Golden Temple (B)Medina (C)Fire Temple (D)Gurudwara Ans: (D) Explanation: Second is the pace of worship for the first . 8. Paw : Cat : : Hoof : ? (A)Horse (B)Lion (C)Lamb (D)Elephant Ans: (A) Explanation: First...
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...GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TOURISM & CULTURE DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM MARKET RESEARCH DIVISION FINAL REPORT ON 20 YEAR PERSPECTIVE PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN MAHARASHTRA MARCH 2003 ΑΒΧ DALAL MOTT MACDONALD (FORMERLY DALAL CONSULTANTS & ENGINEERS LIMITED) Study Report on Preparation of 20 Years Perspective Plan for Development of Sustainable Tourism in Maharashtra Dalal Mott MacDonald Joint Director General (MR), Department of Tourism Joint Director General (MR), Department of Tourism Ministry of Tourism & Culture C-1, Hutments, Dalhousie Road New Delhi – 110 001 India Study Report on Preparation of 20 Years Perspective Plan for Development of Sustainable Tourism in Maharashtra March 2003 Dalal Consultants & Engineers Limited Sarojini House 6 Bhagwan Dass Road New Delhi 110 001 India Tel: (011)-3389386, 3383521. 1441/Maharashtra/A/18 July 2002 C:\websiteadd\pplan\maharashtra\Vol 1\Executive Summary Final.doc/01 Study Report on Preparation of 20 Years Perspective Plan for Development of Sustainable Tourism in Maharashtra Dalal Mott MacDonald Joint Director General (MR), Department of Tourism Study Report on Preparation of 20 Years Perspective Plan for Development of Sustainable Tourism in Maharashtra ssue and Revision Record Rev Date Originator Checker Approver Description This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without...
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...pART 1 NEW ECONOMIC MODEL FOR MALAYSIA NEW ECONOMIC MODEL FOR MALAYSIA pART 1 High Income Rakyat Quality of Life Inclusiveness Sustainability NEAC National Economic Advisory Council Level 5 & 11, Menara Usahawan Persiaran Perdana, Precinct 2 Federal Government Administrative Centre 62652 PUTRAJAYA MALAYSIA NATIONAL ECONOMIC ADVISORY COUNCIL NEAC www.neac.gov.my NEAC NATIONAL ECONOMIC ADVISORY COUNCIL CHAPTRE NEW ECONOMIC MODEL F O R M A L AY S I A 1 Part I: Strategic Policy Directions Copyrights Reserved All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise without the prior permission of: Secretary National Economic Advisory Council Level 5 & 11, Menara Usahawan Persiaran Perdana, Precinct 2 Federal Government Administrative Centre 62652 PUTRAJAYA Tel.: 03-8888 6512/ 8888 6513 Fax: 03-8888 4638/ 8888 4177 Email: secretariat.neac@pmo.gov.my www.neac.gov.my Sales copies are obtainable from: Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad Jalan Chan Sow Lin 50554 Kuala Lumpur Tel.: 03-9236 6888 Fax: 03-9222 4773 Email: cservice@printnasional.com.my __________________________________ Cover design and layout by Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad Preface This report is the first of two documents by the National Economic Advisory Council (NEAC) on the New Economic Model (NEM). This report presents...
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