...TITLE: IMPROVING WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE IN MALAYSIA: POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS. INTORDUCTION Nowadays, there are a lot of women are involved in business activity. Most of them tend to involved in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME). Based on the previous studies from Multimedia University, Malacca, they mention that SME has been recognized as a major source of global economic growth and employment of women entrepreneurs have been acknowledged to play critical roles for bringing their ideas and capabilities towards successful achievement of the SME development in their countries. Malaysia government was realizing of the important of women entrepreneur to the growth and development of economic and tries to make available to the women entrepreneurs of funds and grants through many of its agencies such as the Special Assistance Schemes through the Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation (SMIDEC). Based on previous studies, they indicated that the capital, networks affiliation, education, training and counseling, and usage of ICT are important factors influencing the growth of women entrepreneurs in Malaysia. These factors have become barriers to women entrepreneur to success. SUMMARY According to studies that made by previous researchers, they mention that financial problem is some of barriers that make the women entrepreneur is hardly to success. Financial problem including difficulties to obtain start-up funds, financial management...
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...Introduction A woman entrepreneur is defined as a woman who has alone or with one or more partners started or inherited a business, and is eager to take financial, administrative, and social risks and responsibilities, and participate in the day-to-day management activities (UNDP, 2004). Women in Asian countries like India, Myanmar and Bangladesh have played and also are playing a good role in politics. So, Bangladeshi women are enjoying freedom to join politics as well as business. But compared with the Unites States and the European countries, the number is still poor. In fact, women entrepreneurship development is a challenging phenomenon in Bangladesh as women are lagged behind (economically and socially) compared to men. Generally, women are more victimized as because of their illiteracy, unawareness, unorganized, powerless or less political representation, deprivation, rigid social customs, religious constrains and injustice by their counter partners particularly in rural area. Women constitute about a half of the total population in Bangladesh. So for proper representation of women in the arena of entrepreneurship development, "women should constitute 50 per cent of the country's total entrepreneurs." But the ground reality is totally different. "The ratio is not even 10 per cent. The actual ratio is much lower than that. We do not know the exact number of women entrepreneurs in the country,” There is no real information on how many women entrepreneurs exist in the country...
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...considered as a growing economy which is trying to diversify its exports, mainly based on oil and natural gas, by framing and revising its legal and regulatory environment in order to foster entrepreneurship activities and the private sector interest. It leads to growing concern about the role of women in the economic environment, with legal and ethical consideration of the women’s role in the existing socio-cultural make-up of the country. The way in which countries like Saudi Arabia, have developed a domestic organized economy that is based on entrepreneurship is a hypothesis that has been widely tested and cited within the existing body of Literature. Although many academic experts believe that Middle East countries still retain a promising potential for growth (Shachmurove, 2004), major obstacles in terms of detrimental factors such as corruption, unclear regulations and reliance on oil have also recognized. Women are therefore believed to play a primary role in the entrepreneurial future of the region. In order to leverage on the untapped potential of economic growth of this country by utilizing and capitalizing on the potential contribution of the female entrepreneurs towards success of economic projects that are being carried out in Saudi Arabia, in compliance with the ethical dimensions that are deemed critical in the middle east region. Although, plethora of...
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...WOMEN BUSINESS OWNERS IN TRADITIONAL AND NON-TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIES ALEXANDRA L. ANNA United States Air Force Academy GAYLEN N. CHANDLER Utah State University ERIK JANSEN Department of Systems Management, Naval Postgraduate School NEAL P. MERO Department of Management & Decision Sciences, Washington State University Small businesses continue to grow in importance to the national economy. According to the Small Business Administration, America’s 22 million small businesses generate more than half of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product and are the principal source of new jobs. The National Foundation for Women Business Owners reported that between 1987 and 1994, the number of women-owned businesses grew by 78% and women-owned firms accounted for 36% of all firms. Although the growth in the number of women-owned businesses is encouraging, the size of such businesses remains small in terms of both revenues and number of employees, especially in comparison to male-owned businesses. One explanation for this disparity is that female business ownership is concentrated primarily in the retail and service industries where businesses are relatively smaller in terms of employment and revenue as opposed to high technology, construction, and manufacturing. One of the most fruitful streams of research in women’s occupational choice has been based on EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Address correspondence to Alexandra L. Anna at HQ USAFA/DFM, 2354 Fairchild Drive, Suite 6H94, USAFA, CO 80840-5701; (719)...
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...undergoing a gradual metamorphosis from unorganized to organized formats. Jewellery retailing is moving from a ‘Storehouse of value’ to a ‘Precious fashion accessory’. Consumers are more quality conscious than ever before. The jewellery market is one of the largest consumer sectors in the country- larger than telecom, automobiles and apparel and perhaps second only to the food sector. Need and objectives: The purpose behind this study is to find out where do women in Punjab fare on the road to entrepreneurship. Punjab has immense opportunities for women to showcase their talent in various fields like arts, science, management etc. This research is therefore focused upon young graduate women in Punjab to study their entrepreneurial bent of mind and other characteristics associated with it. Objectives:- To study the inclination of women towards entrepreneurship in Punjab To understand the motivation factors behind starting up their own business To find out the most preferred area for entrepreneurship by women in Punjab To study the potential barriers that they might face on their road to entrepreneurship...
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...Yet we face a huge equality gap. In only seven countries – Panama, Thailand, Ghana, Ecuador, Nigeria, Mexico and Uganda – do women take part in business at rates equal to men’s; in some countries like Pakistan, they barely take part at all. Narrowing the gender gap in employment will increase global income per person as much as 20% by 2030. But the benefits go beyond the bottom line. Women business leaders inspire other women to pursue their dreams. In emerging markets, women reinvest 90% of their earnings in their families and communities – which means that investing in women is an investment in our collective...
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...3.0 Challenges: Previously faced and presently being faced 3.1 Challenges faced by Women Entrepreneur 1. The chief deterrent to women entrepreneurs is being women. A kind of patriarchal, that is, a male dominated social order is and will be a building block to women in their way towards business success. 2. Male dominated society and members think it is a risky financing the projects, businesses or enterprises run by women. 3. Financial institutions are unconvinced and cynical about women entrepreneurial abilities. The bankers consider women as more riskier than men. 4. Women entrepreneurs suffer from insufficient financial resources and/or working capital, as they lack access to obtain external funds due to their inability in providing tangible or collateral security. Few of the women have this kind of tangible...
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...companies in industries that were once regulated by government but have recently been deregulated. c. small companies that can quickly move into and out of niche markets as they emerge and recede. d. Both A and B are correct. 3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the typical entrepreneur? a. Confidence in his/her ability to succeed b. Value of money over achievement c. Desire for immediate feedback d. A future orientation 4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the typical entrepreneur? a. Desire for responsibility b. High degree of commitment c. Low energy levels d. Confidence in his/her ability to succeed 5. Characteristics of entrepreneurs include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Tolerance for ambiguity b. Flexibility c. Skill at organizing d. Low degree of commitment 6. Entrepreneurs are characterized by: a. skill at organizing. b. desire for immediate feedback. c. high energy levels. d. All of the above. 7. Entrepreneurs who repeatedly start businesses and grow to a sustainable size before striking out again are known as ______ entrepreneurs. a. Opportunistic b. Persistent c. Serial d. None of the above. 8. Surveys show that owners of small businesses believe that...
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...changes have created economic opportunities for women who want to own and operate businesses. Today, women entrepreneurs represent a group of women who have broken away from the beaten track and are exploring new avenues of economic participation. Among the reasons for women to run organized enterprises are their skill and knowledge, their talents, abilities and creativity in business and a compelling desire of wanting to do something positive. It is high time that countries should rise to the challenge and create more support systems for encouraging more entrepreneurship amongst women. At the same time, it is up to women to break away from stereotyped mindsets. In this dynamic world, women entrepreneurs are a significant part of the global expedition for sustained economic development and social progress. Due to the growing industrialization, urbanization, social legislation and along with the spread of higher education and awareness, the emergence of Women owned businesses are highly increasing in the economies of almost all countries. In former days, for Women there were 3 Ks- Kitchen, Kids, Knitting, then came 3 Ps- Powder,Pappad, Pickles and now at present there are 4 Es- Electricity, Electronics, Energy, Engineering . Indian women had undergone a long way and are becoming increasingly visible and successful in all spheres and have shifted from kitchen to higher level of professional activities. Today’s women are taking more and more professional and technical...
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...level to highlight and advance leading models of sustainable social innovation. It identifies a select community of social entrepreneurs and engages it in shaping global, regional and industry agendas that improve the state of the world in close collaboration with the other stakeholders of the World Economic Forum. Social entrepreneurship is about applying practical, innovative and sustainable approaches to benefit society in general, with an emphasis on those who are marginalized and poor. It is a term that captures a unique approach to economic and social problems, an approach that cuts across sectors and disciplines grounded in certain values and processes that are common to each social entrepreneur, independent of whether his/ her area of focus has been education, health, welfare reform, human rights, workers' rights, environment, economic development, agriculture, etc., or whether the organizations they set up are non-profit or for-profit entities. It is this approach that sets the social entrepreneur apart from the rest of the crowd of well-meaning people and organizations who dedicate their lives to social improvement. About organizational models * Leveraged non-profit ventures The entrepreneur sets up a non-profit organization to drive the adoption of an innovation that addresses a market or government failure. In doing so, the entrepreneur engages a cross section of society, including private and public organizations, to drive forward the innovation through a multiplier...
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...2012, Vol. 2, No. 1 An Exploratory Study of Motivational Factors on Women Entrepreneurship Venturing in Malaysia Hasni Che Ismail College of Law, Government & International Studies Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia E-mail: has1121@uum.edu.my Faridahwati Mohd. Shamsudin Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia E-mail: faridah@uum.edu.my Mohammed S. Chowdhury (Corresponding author) Othman yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business College of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia E-mail: mchowdr@yahoo.com or m.chowdhury@uum.edu.my Received: December 20, 2011 Accepted: January 9, 2012 doi:10.5296/ber.v2i1.1434 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v2i1.1434 Abstract This study explored the effects of motivational factors on women entrepreneurship venturing in Malaysia. The research was conducted on 80 entrepreneurs through random sampling technique. All hypotheses were tested using regression analysis and Pearson correlations, controlling for demographic variables of gender, age, and education, years of experience, and start-up funding. While the results of this study found significant effect of pull motivational factors, there is a marginal effect of push motivational factors on women entrepreneurship venturing in Malaysia. Implications and a number of recommendations are discussed. Keywords: Women entrepreneurship, Pull motivation, Push motivation, Venturing, Malaysia...
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...enterprises are owned by the individuals and an individual has obviously some limitation. Lower Per Capita Income: Per capita income of our people is low and for this reason our people are not being able to generate adequate capital to run the business efficiently. Unskilled Human Resources: Human resources of our country are not skilled this is a problem with developing small scale enterprises in Bangladesh. The economic environment of our country is not hundred percent suitable for operating the business another cause of the restrictions. Excessive import of foreign product: Excessive import of foreign product in our country is another reason cause when the people of the country will be mainly dependent on the imported product then the entrepreneurs will loose their interest to develop small scale enterprises. Political instability: Political instability of our country is another reason for developing the small scale enterprises rate slow. Political environment of our country is not suitable enough to run the efficient business in our society. Deterioration of Morality: Public moral is getting down means most of our people are loosing their moral and for this reason developing small scale enterprises in Bangladesh is not so easy like the other country of the world. Security reason: Security reason is a strong reason which is effecting the developing of small scale enterprises in Bangladesh. Government are not being able the proper and adequate security to the citizen of the country...
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...Elblng, Tina Jones, Amanda King, Irene Tapia GEN- 480 October 27th, 2013 Wally Hedgecock Analysis of Business Specialties Women On The Rise or WOTR consulting group is focused upon social innovation benefiting women seeking to become entrepreneurs. WOTR consulting seeks to assist women with starting a business of their own and offers many beneficial services. The consulting group’s goal is to raise awareness and gain private sector support for women entrepreneurs. Learning Team C possesses the necessary skills to efficiently and effectively manage WOTR consulting as well as provide success, positively impact, and educate clients. Women on the rise (WOTR) is a firm put together as a support for women who want to start up their own business. The staff at WOTR are highly motivated and eager to work with these women side-by-side empowering them to better their future. The staff helps the women create a plan to make their business come alive. Client based relationships are important to the WOTR firm, they believe that is a fundamental building block of the success of the firm. Open communication is practiced throughout the firm so clients and employees can always feel they are on the same page. Honesty, trust, dependability, loyalty, and quality are just a few of the characteristics WOTR thrives to serve their clients. Services Offered (D) Women On The Rise (WOTR) consulting group’s services include 1) awareness raising, promotion, 2) executive growth, 3) professional...
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...the state female entrepreneurs with an emphasis on female entrepreneurs from Saudi Arabia. The paper will employ a qualitative approach to try and understand how female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia have managed to start and manage their enterprises. The reasons that motivated women to take this approach in the business world will be interrogated, the challenges that face them and the means used to mitigate those problems will also be investigated. This thesis will look at the internal and external barriers that are faced by female entrepreneurs. The factors that form the conventional support network for women in business around the globe will be analyzed in a bid to show the to which they have been applied in Saudi Arabia. Using established research literature, the common problems faced by female entrepreneurs are well stated, this paper will go further to show how progress has been achieved and the factors that have facilitated a resurgence of entrepreneurship in this Middle Eastern country. Female Entrepreneurship In Saudi Arabia Female entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia could the next frontier for the improvement of the Middle Eastern economy. A sector long overlooked due to the conservative nature of the Islamic society (Elamin & Omair, 2010), men have traditionally been looked upon to lead the way in business. However, recent development point to a paradigm shift as more Saudi women are making their mark in the business world. The female entrepreneurs need to be supported...
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...------------------------------------------------- Myth 5: Entrepreneurs Must Fit the "Profile" Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship: An Introduction It is not easy to give a particular answer to the question: Why do people want to start and run independent businesses? Different answers may come from different people. Some people may start a business just because they love independence and hate to tolerate bossing in the jobs. Some may not have the capability and qualification to do a job and as job is not available to them, they go for independent businesses in order to survive. Some may have some special skills and love challenges to run an independent business. Several motivational factors like need for affiliation, need for power and need for achievement (McClelland, 1961) are also responsible for going for an independent business. Murthy, et al (1986) found that entrepreneurs are motivated to start a business because of the factors like ambitious factors, compelling factors and facilitating factors. Whatever may be the reason, it can be said that in most of the times of the history of human civilization, there were entrepreneurs who did independent businesses and this trend of history still continues. For the last few decades in all over the world, entrepreneurs are regarded as value adding people to the society. Holt (1992) says, “The term entrepreneur may be properly applied to those who incubate new ideas, start enterprises based on those ideas, and provide added value...
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